The bacics, objects and means of civil defense

Emergencies (ES) are man-made accidents, natural disasters, as well as events that have caused or may cause human losses, significant material losses, damage to the environment and disrupt the normal life of the population.
Emergencies are classified depending on the types, sorts, scale, stage of severity, etc. In general, all possible emergencies are conflict and non-conflict.
Conflict ES - clashes, political struggle, social explosions, national and religious conflicts, terrorism, crime, etc. such events are attributed.
Non-conflict ES is characterized by three main features:

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  according to the origin - determines the characteristics of the emergency situation;
  
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  according to administrative affiliation - emergency situation occuring in any sphere/sector of the national economy;
  
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  according to the scale of possible consequences - the scale of events that have great importance here, the extent/scale of damage, as well as forces and means involved in the elimination of consequences.
  

According to the origin, emergencies are subdivided into natural, man-made and ecological (see diagram).

Emergency situations according to administrative affiliation occurs :

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  in construction (industrial, civil, transport);
  
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  in industry (nuclear, chemical, food industry, metallurgy, machine building, mining, fertilizers);
  
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  in the sphere of housing and communal services (operation of water supply and sewage systems, gas, heating, power supply, buildings and facilities);
  
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  in transport (rail, road, pipeline, air and water);
  
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  in agriculture and forestry.
  

Classification of ES by the scale of possible consequences is one of the most important issues for determining the boundaries and the correct solution ways of natural and man-made ES. In this case it is be important:

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  to know the number of people affected by a natural disaster and losing their housing conditions;
  
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  to determine the extent of material damage;
  
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  the main task is to identify the boundaries of the spread of the affected factors.
  

ES are characterized by the scale of impact and degree of severity.

There are 4 types of emergencies which are possible in the territory of the Azerbaijan Republic - man-made, natural, ecological and socio-political disasters.

First of all, during an emergency situation, it is necessary to determine the total losses and damage, immediately prepare an appropriate plan of action and make urgent decisions to provide external assistance to the affected area, city or settlement.
Social damage is usually measured by the number of killed,