The bacics, objects and means of civil defense

LECTURE 1
THE BACICS, OBJECTS AND MEANS OF CIVIL DEFENSE

In recent years, the issue of human security has become increasingly acute.

Civil defense (CD) is the system of protecting human safety and health in the environment. It must identify hazardous and harmful factors, study methods and means of human protection, ways to minimize harmful and dangerous factors, develop measures to eliminate the consequences of accidents and disasters in peacetime and wartime. The role of civil defense in wartime is especially great.
Humanity throughout its history has been constantly affected by emergencies (disasters). They claim many thousands of human lives, cause enormous economic damage and destroy an instant everything that has been built up /создавалась over years, decades and even centuries.
Many disasters have had a noticeable impact on the development of civilization and humanity's vulnerability to them is increasing. According to many scientists, natural disasters are considered as an independent global problem of the modern world.
In modern terminology, the consequences of natural disasters, major man-made accidents, catastrophes and the impact of modern means of destruction are called "emergencies" or "peacetime and wartime emergencies".
In 1931, a French medical general, George St. Paul, founded the "Association of Geneva Zones" in Paris, which was later transformed into the International Civil Defense Organization. The "Geneva zones" were intended to be neutral zones or open cities where certain categories of civilians (women, children, sick and elderly people) could find refuge in wartime. In January 1958, the International Association of Geneva Zones was transformed into the International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO).
Every year the 1st of March is celebrated worldwide as the International Day of the CD.
The Azerbaijan Republic was admitted to the organization in 1993 and actively participates in all activities carried out by the organization.
The Law on Civil Defense of the Azerbaijan Republic was signed by the President of the Azerbaijan Republic on December 30, 1997.
The law provides that:
Civil Defense of the The Azerbaijan Republic is a system of social and defense measures carried out in peacetime and wartime on the territory of the Republic by state, economic and military authorities, with the participation of all citizens, to protect the population and the national economy from the consequences of natural disasters, major industrial (man-made) accidents, disasters and the impact of modern means of destruction.

On 31 July 1992, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed Decree No. 73 "On Approval of the Regulation on Civil Defense of the Republic of Azerbaijan" and on 18 April 1998, Decree No. 700 on the Application of the Law. Republic of Azerbaijan Law on Civil Defense. The above is reflected in this Regulation and the Law. Regulations on the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan (19.IV.2006 No. 394), Regulations on the Military Forces of the civil defense of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan (29.12.2006 No. 511) and others.