The bacics, objects and means of civil defense

Crisis of the fourth level it can lead to a radical change in the perception of universal despair and the values of life, as well as social panic.
The irreplaceable losses of the fifth-level ES - remembered by the survivors as a life-disrupting event.

ES by scale		ES by the number of victims		ES by the number of injured		ES by the cost of damage
Types of ES	Covered area	Level of ES	Number of victims	Character of ES by the quantity of hazard potential	Number of people under hazard (thousand people)	Character of ES by the size of damage	Amount of damage at 1985 prices (bil. manat)
Local	Does not extend beyond the territory of the facility	Light (insignificant)	No casualties	Insignificant	0.1	Insignificant	0.1
Object	Extend beyond the territory of a single settlement or inner-city area of a city of federal significance	Moderate	10	Moderate danger	0.1- 1.0	Moderate	0.1- 1.0
		Heavy	10-100	Dangerous	1.0- 10.0	More	1.0- 500.0
Municipal	Affects the territory of two or more settlements, inner-city territories of a city	Very heavy	100.0-1000.0	Very heavy	10.0- 125.2	Enormous	500.0-10000.0
Regional	Covers several industrial or agricultural areas	Catastrophic	1000.0-25000.0	National tragedy	125.0-500.0	Pre-crisis character	10000.0- 100000.0
Federal	Covers a large area of the republic	Crisis	25000.0- 1000000	National tragedy	500-20000	Crisis	100000.0- 1000000
Global	Extends to the territory of neighbouring states	Irreplaceable	More than 1000000	Danger for civilization	More than 20000.0	Unrecovered	More than 1000000.0

NATURAL DISASTERS

Natural disasters - a series of natural phenomena that cause sudden disruption of people's normal livelihoods, as well as destruction and damage of property. They often have a negative impact on the environment.
Natural disasters usually include earthquakes, floods, debris flows, landslides, snow drifts, volcanic eruptions, landslides and droughts. Some of these disasters may also include fires, especially massive forest and peat fires.
Social damage is usually measured by the number of killed, injured and wounded people (those who have lost their homes and others) in an emergency situation. Losses caused by the death or injury of a person (disability) can be assessed in monetary terms: by the maintenance of a disabled person; by a reduction in income as a result of the loss of a worker; by the cost of necessary measures taken by occupational risk etc.
Natural disasters are much more destructive than man-made weapons. To compare: a tropical cyclone tsunami can be 15 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. If such a cyclone lasts 12 hours, the wind speed will exceed 300 km per hour, and sea storms can theoretically have a power equivalent to five thousand atomic bombs. The wave height is measured in tens of meters. In this case, the speed of the wave could reach 800 km per hour, and it is unfathomable how catastrophic this would be. Natural volcanic eruptions can be equivalent to five thousand atomic bombs.

Depending on the duration, natural disasters can be of two types:

- sudden events (earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.);
- long-term (epidemics, epizootics, floods, etc.);

Natural disasters are also divided into two causes:

- related to natural factors (volcanic eruptions, strong sea level anchors, severe floods, high temperatures, icing, etc.)
- related to anthropogenic factors (dust storms, erosion).