Fritz haber: the protean man
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- 19 - the decisive moment, undermine his ability to resist and cause him to imagine defeat. These imponderables turn soldiers from a sword in the hand of their leader into a heap on helpless people.” 35
- 20 - Notes
5. Stoltzenberg, Dietrich. Fritz Haber: Chemist, Nobel Laureate, German, Jew. Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Press, 2004, Page 127.
6. Charles, Daniel. Master Mind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005, Page 153.
7. Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 129.
8.
Ibid, 130.
9. Charles, Master Mind, 147.
10.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 131-132.
11.
Ibid, 129.
12.
Charles, Master Mind, 155.
13.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 134.
14.
Charles, Master Mind, 154.
15.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 135.
16.
Charles, Master Mind, 155-156.
17.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 137-138.
18.
Ibid, 138.
19.
Ibid, 135.
20.
Charles, Master Mind, 164.
21.
Ibid, 168.
22.
Ibid, 169.
23.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 139.
24.
Charles, Master Mind, 169.
25.
Ibid, 141.
26.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 232.
27.
Charles, Master Mind, 170.
28.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 232.
- 21 -
29. Ibid, 232-233.
30.
Ibid, 233.
31.
Charles, Master Mind, 170.
32.
Stoltzenberg, Chemist, Nobel Laureate, 149.
33.
Charles, Master Mind, 170.
34.
Manchester, Keith L.. "Man of Destiny: The Life and Work of Fritz Haber." Endeavor 26. 2. 01 06 2002. Page 67. 24 Jan 2009. 46WM6MT-
version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=74021&md5=7eadd86fa0da7027f583c6e061a1ec49>.
35.
Ibid.
32. Charles, Master Mind, 154.
33.
Ibid.
34. Charles, Master Mind, 172-173.
35. Ibid, 173.
- 22 - Clara Immerwahr: Haber’s First Wife 1891-1915
Fritz Haber was married to two women in his life; both marriages failed. As he told a friend, “Women are like lovely butterflies to me. I admire their colors and glitter, but I get no further.” 1 Given that his first wife, Clara Immerwahr, killed herself with Haber‟s service pistol, it is safe to say that this marriage was a failure as well. Why was it such a failure, though? Clara had a doctorate in chemistry. Why did this marriage end so badly? Clara Immerwahr was born in 1870 2 in Breslau, Germany, to a Jewish family 3 . She managed to obtain the standing of a Gymnasium graduate, something which was essential at the time to attending university; this is the first real indicator of her incredibly driven personality. It was, during that time, technically impossible for her to acquire such a degree because she was a woman. However, she found a loophole in Breslau‟s laws and, having gained the ability to go to the necessary lectures, passed the exams which gave her the previously mentioned Gymnasium graduate standing. 4
From there, she went on to study chemistry in Breslau‟s university. Richard Abegg, a former classmate of Haber‟s, taught the subject there, and he became her academic adviser. He provided her with much advice and encouragement throughout her period of research. She often, surrounded by men who did not support the presence of a woman in their laboratory, felt as though she could not continue. 5 As she wrote to Abegg at one point during her research: I know that Herr Professor meant well. But in this case as so often, it confirms the old saying: The well-fed can‟t understand the hungry. And one doesn‟t make a sad person happier simply by telling him, “Cheer up!” … I‟ve only known the joy of life in fleeting moments, and I may say that each of them has been balanced out by years of heaviness. How am I supposed to have “fresh courage and nerve” when it takes all my meager strength just to cope with daily existence? … I write this to Herr Professor not as an accusation, but because I cannot bear to keep carrying bitter feelings in my heart toward people who are dear to me. 6
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