60
MODAL+HAVE+3
RD
form
He
must have work
ed very hard last year.
- I’m certain he didn’t work very hard last year.
He
can’t/couldn’t have work
ed very hard last year.
Past Continuous:
MODAL+have
been+
verb+ing
+ I’m convinced he was working very hard all summer.
He
must have been work
ing very hard last summer.
- I’m convinced he wasn’t working very hard all summer.
He
can’t/couldn’t have been work
ing very hard last
summer.
7. Modal verbs of POSSIBILITY: (I’m not sure/I don’t know exactly/…)
Present Simple:
MODAL+Infinitive
+He may/might/can/could work hard.
- He
may/might not work hard.
P
R
ESENT
Present Continuous:
MODAL+be+ing
+ He
may/might/can/could be working very hard now.
- He
may/might not be working very hard now.
Past Simple:
MODAL+HAVE+3
RD
form
+ He
may/might/can/could have work
ed very hard last
year.
- He
may/might not have work
ed very hard last year.
P
AST
Past Continuous:
MODAL+have
been+
verb+ing
+ He
may/might/can/could have been work
ing very hard
last summer.
- He
may/might not have been work
ing very hard last
summer.
8.
Present Perfect
PRESENT PERFECT
An action which happened in the past and still goes on in the present:
He has liv ed here since 1990. I have work ed here for 20 years.
A result of a past action: I have broken my leg.
Experience: I have been to Spain.
Historic events, facts PAST TENSE:
The Chinese invented printing.
Prešeren wrote Zdravljica.
Agatha Christie wrote detective stories.
BUT: Desa Muck has written several books for youth.
QUESTIONS:
When? PAST TENSE
How long? PRESENT PERFECT
CLAUSES WITH SINCE: I have lived in Lj since 1995. I have lived in Lj since we
moved.
ADVERBS: since, for, just, already, lately,
recently, never, ever, yet, today.
+
Subject+ has/have +
Past Participle
-
Subject+ hasn’t/haven’t + Past Participle
?
Has/Have + subject + Past Participle
61
9.
Past Perfect
PAST PERFECT
An action which happened before another action in the past
When
I came home, I saw that someone had broken into my flat.
After I had come home, I called my friend.
Before I came home, I had called my friend.
ADVERBS: before, after, already, just
+
Subject+ had + Past Participle
-
Subject+ hadn’t + Past Participle
?
Had + subject + Past Participle
10. Wishes
WISHES
1. Present Past :
I am short. I wish I was taller.
I live in the city. I wish I lived in the country.
I wish I didn't live in the city.
I am going to the dentist. I wish I wasn't going to the dentist.
2. Past Past Perfect :
I didn't have money. I wish I had had money.
I didn't obey her. I wish I had obeyed her.
I ate too much. I wish I hadn't eaten that much.
3. Future, annoyance WOULD :
I will get up early. I wish I wouldn't get up early.
I will lose my job. I wish I wouldn't lose my job.
He will probably go on a long journey. I wish he wouldn't go on a long journey.
!
WISH = IF ONLY
If only I was taller.
If only I had had money.
If only he wouldn't go …
63
TAPE SCRIPTS
1.6 Tape script:
Mia:
Hello everyone. For those of you who don't know me, let me introduce myself. My name is Mia Smith*
and I am the owner of this beauty salon. I would like to thank all of you for coming here tonight and I am
happy that I can share this wonderful moment with you.
Today is like my dream coming true. I have always wanted to have my own beauty salon since I was 19
years old. I liked being pretty, and making other people beautiful was an even greater joy for me. At this
point, I would like to thank my sister for letting me paint her face with lipstick all the time when I was
pretending to be a make-up artist and my mother for not being mad at me when some creams went
missing. I would also like to thank everyone else for supporting me.
Let me say a few words about my salon now. First of all, the name was very difficult to pick. Since I
couldn’t decide on it, I had to ask my manager to help me choose it, so I hope you like it. I think it
symbolises something beautiful and healthy, which is how I want my clients to feel. I want that this
beauty salon also makes you even more
beautiful than you already are, every time you visit it.
I propose a toast to successful business. Now I would like to invite you to come with me and take a look
at the salon yourself ...
(glasses ringing*)
2.5 Tape script:
Mia:
Usually a facial starts with preparations including putting your hair back with the help of a hair band.
What always follows is cleansing. This may be done just once by applying cleansing milk or maybe two
times if necessary to cleanse deeply. After this, there comes a 5 to 10 minute massage with upward
strokes, starting from the neck. Normally, the area around the lips and cheeks is massaged first, and then
the forehead and the chin. Lastly, the nose is gently massaged. The cleansing finishes with cleaning your
face with water using sponges.
After this, I will apply the toner on your face and neck with the help of a cotton swab.
The face is then treated with a steamer for about 4 minutes. This is great for blood circulation and
opening pores.
Afterwards the skin is ready for the removal of any blackheads.
After this, the skin on the face and neck is massaged with a cream for about 20 minutes.
Then a vitamin E capsule is applied and massaged on the face for about 4 minutes.
Lastly, I will apply the mud mask on your face and neck, leave it to work* and
at the end wash it off with
fresh water.
3.1 Tape script:
Mia
Hello. You must be Mrs. Thompson. How are you?