38
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
LOAEL
Duration/
a
Key to Species
Frequency
NOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
Reference
Figure (Strain)
(Route)
System
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
Chemical Form
36
Rat
36 wk
37.5 M
McCauley et al. 1985
(Sprague-
(W)
NR
Dawley)
37
Rat
46 wk
37.5 F
McCauley et al. 1985
(Sprague-
(W)
NR
Dawley)
Rat
90 d
200 M
NTP 1994
(Fischer- 344) (W)
c
Barium chloride
180 F
39
Rat
15 d
110
NTP 1994
(Fischer- 344) (W)
Barium chloride
40
Mouse
M: 60 d
205 M
Dietz et al. 1992
F: 30 d
(B6C3F1)
c
Barium chloride
(W)
200 F
41
Mouse
90 d
c
450 M
NTP 1994
(B6C3F1)
(W)
Barium chloride
495 F
Comments
Histological
examination of
reproductive tissues.
Histological
examination of
reproductive tissues.
Histological
examination of
reproductive tissues.
Histological
examination of
reproductive tisses.
BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS
3. HEALTH EFFECTS
38
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
LOAEL
Duration/
a
Key to Species
Frequency
NOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
Reference
Figure (Strain)
(Route)
System
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
Chemical Form
Comments
BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS
3. HEALTH EFFECTS
39
42
Mouse
15 d
c
70 M
NTP 1994
(B6C3F1)
(W)
Barium chloride
85 F
Developmental
43
Rat
M: 60 d
115 F
180 F (decreased
pup body
Dietz et al. 1992
F: 30 d
(Fischer- 344)
weight and nonsignificant
Barium chloride
(W)
decrease in litter size)
44
Mouse
(B6C3F1)
M: 60 d
F: 30 d
(W)
200 F
Dietz et al. 1992
Barium chloride
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
Death
45
Mouse
(B6C3F1)
2 yr
(W)
160 M (increased mortality)
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
Systemic
46
Rat
(Sprague-
Dawley)
68 wk
(W)
Resp
15 M
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
Cardio
15 M
Gastro
15 M
Musc/skel
15 M
Hepatic
15 M
Renal
15 M
Ocular
15 M
Bd Wt
15 M
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
LOAEL
Duration/
a
Key to Species
Frequency
NOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
Reference
Figure (Strain)
(Route)
System
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
Chemical Form
Comments
47
Rat
(Fischer- 344)
2 yr
(W)
Resp
60 M
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
Cardio
60 M
Gastro
60 M
Hemato
60 M
Musc/skel
60 M
Hepatic
60 M
Renal
60 M
Ocular
60 M
Bd Wt
60 M
Metab
60 M
48
Rat
(Long- Evans)
16 mo
7 d/wk
(W)
Cardio
0.17 F
0.8 F (increased blood
pressure)
Perry et al. 1983, 1985, 1989
Barium chloride
Animals were fed a low
mineral diet.
BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS
3. HEALTH EFFECTS
40
7.2 F (depressed rates of
cardiac contraction and
electrical conductivity)
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
Duration/
a
Frequency
Key to Species
(Route)
Figure (Strain)
49
Mouse
2 yr
(B6C3F1)
(W)
Immuno/ Lymphoret
50
Rat
68 wk
(Sprague-
(W)
Dawley)
51
Rat
2 yr
(Fischer- 344) (W)
52
Mouse
2 yr
(B6C3F1)
(W)
System
Resp
Cardio
Gastro
Hemato
Musc/skel
Hepatic
Renal
Ocular
Bd Wt
NOAEL
(mg/kg/day)
160 M
160 M
160 M
160 M
160 M
160 M
d
75 M
160 M
75 M
15 M
60 M
75 M
Less Serious
(mg/kg/day)
160 M (lymphoid depletion in
the spleen and
decreased relative and
absolute spleen weight)
LOAEL
Serious
(mg/kg/day)
160 M (marked nephropathy)
160 M (weight loss)
Reference
Chemical Form
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
Comments
Histological
examination of thymus
and lymph nodes.
Histological
examination of spleen
and thymus.
Histological
examination of thymus
and spleen.
BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS
3. HEALTH EFFECTS
41
