Toxicological profile for barium and barium compounds
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- Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral (continued) Exposure/ LOAEL Duration/
- Figure (Strain) (Route) System (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral (continued) Exposure/ LOAEL Duration/ a Key to Species Frequency NOAEL Less Serious Serious Reference Figure (Strain) (Route) System (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) Chemical Form Neurological 53 Rat
(Sprague- Dawley)
68 wk (W)
15 M McCauley et al. 1985 NR
Rat
(Fischer- 344) 2 yr
(W) 60 M
NTP 1994 Barium chloride 55 Mouse
(B6C3F1) Reproductive 56 Rat
(Sprague- Dawley)
2 yr (W)
68 wk (W)
160 M 15 M
NTP 1994 Barium chloride McCauley et al. 1985 NR
57 Rat
2 yr c 60 M NTP 1994 (Fischer- 344) (W) Barium chloride 75 F
58 Mouse
2 yr c 160 M NTP 1994 (B6C3F1) (W) Barium chloride 200 F Comments Histological examination of brain. Histological examination of brain. Histological examination of brain. Histological examination of reproductive tissues. Histological examination of reproductive tissues. Histological examination of reproductive tissues. BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS 3. HEALTH EFFECTS 42 a The number corresponds to entries in Figure 3-1. b Used to derive an intermediate duration oral minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.2 mg barium/kg/day; dose divided by an uncertainty factor of 100 (10 for extrapolation from animals to humans and 10 for human variability) and modifying factor of 3 to account for database deficiencies. c Differences in levels of health effects and cancer effects between male and females are not indicated in Figure 3-1. Where such differences exist, only the levels of effect for the most sensitive gender are presented. d The chronic-duration oral MRL of 0.2 mg barium/kg/day was calculated using benchmark dose analysis. The BMDL5 of 61 mg barium/kg/day was divided by an uncertainty factor of 100 (10 to account for extrapolation from animals to humans and 10 for human variability) and modifying factor of 3 to account for database deficiencies. Cardio = cardiovascular; d = day; F = female; Gastro = gastrointestinal; (GW) = gavage in water; Hemato = hematological; LD50 = lethal dose, 50% kill; M = male; mo = month; Musc/skel = musculoskeletal; NS = not specified; NR = not reported; Resp = respiratory; (W) = drinking water; wk = week; x = time(s); yr = year Death Respiratory Cardiovascular Gastrointestinal Hematological Hepatic
Renal Ocular
Body Weight Other Immuno/Lymphor Neurological 1000
Figure 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral Acute (≤14 days) Systemic BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS mg/kg/day 2r
3r 1r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
4r 5r
5r 6r
7r 3r
100 5r
5r 5r
5r 5r
5r 10
3. HEALTH EFFECTS c-Cat
d-Dog r-Rat
p-Pig q-Cow
-Humans k-Monkey
m-Mouse h-Rabbit a-Sheep f-Ferret j-Pigeon e-Gerbil s-Hamster g-Guinea Pig n-Mink o-Other
Cancer Effect Level-Animals LOAEL, More Serious-Animals LOAEL, Less Serious-Animals NOAEL - Animals Cancer Effect Level-Humans LOAEL, More Serious-Humans LOAEL, Less Serious-Humans NOAEL - Humans LD50/LC50 for effects other than Cancer
Minimal Risk Level 43
Reproductive Figure 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral (Continued) Acute (≤14 days) mg/kg/day 1000
8r 9r
9r 100
10 BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS 3. HEALTH EFFECTS c-Cat
d-Dog r-Rat
p-Pig q-Cow
-Humans k-Monkey
m-Mouse h-Rabbit a-Sheep f-Ferret j-Pigeon e-Gerbil s-Hamster g-Guinea Pig n-Mink o-Other
Cancer Effect Level-Animals LOAEL, More Serious-Animals LOAEL, Less Serious-Animals NOAEL - Animals Cancer Effect Level-Humans LOAEL, More Serious-Humans LOAEL, Less Serious-Humans NOAEL - Humans LD50/LC50 Minimal Risk Level for effects other than Cancer 44
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