Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
LOAEL
Duration/
a
Key to Species
Frequency
NOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
Reference
Figure (Strain)
(Route)
System
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
Chemical Form
Comments
Reproductive
8
Rat
(Sprague-
Dawley)
once
(GW)
198
Borzelleca et al. 1988
Barium chloride
Evaluated testes and
ovary weights.
9
Rat
(Sprague-
Dawley)
10 d
1 x/d
(GW)
138 F
198 F (decreased ovary weight
and ovaries/brain ratio)
Borzelleca et al. 1988
Barium chloride
Evaluated testes and
ovary weights.
INTERMEDIATE EXPOSURE
Death
10
Rat
(Fischer- 344)
90 d
(W)
200 M (30% mortality)
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
11
Mouse
(B6C3F1)
Systemic
12
Human
(NS)
90 d
(W)
4 wk
7 d/wk
(W)
Cardio
0.2 M
450 M (60% mortality)
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
Wones et al. 1990
Barium chloride
13
Rat
(Dahl)
16 wk
(W)
Cardio
150
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
Study used salt
resistant and salt
sensitive rat strains.
Renal
15
150 (fused podocytes and
thickening of the capillary
basement membrane in
glomeruli)
31
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
LOAEL
Duration/
a
Key to Species
Frequency
NOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
Reference
Figure (Strain)
(Route)
System
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
Chemical Form
Comments
14
Rat
(Sprague-
Dawley)
16 wk
(W)
Cardio
150
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
Study used
uninephrecomized rats.
Renal
15
150 (fused podocytes and
thickening of the capillary
basement membrane in
glomeruli)
15
Rat
(Sprague-
Dawley)
36 wk
(W)
Resp
37.5 M
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
Cardio
37.5 M
Gastro
37.5 M
Musc/skel
Hepatic
Renal
37.5 M
37.5 M
37.5 M
Ocular
37.5 M
Bd Wt
37.5 M
32
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
Duration/
a
Frequency
Key to Species
(Route)
Figure (Strain)
System
16
Rat
46 wk
Resp
(Sprague-
(W)
Dawley)
Cardio
Gastro
Musc/skel
Hepatic
Renal
Ocular
Bd Wt
17
Rat
15 d
Resp
(Fischer- 344) (W)
Cardio
Gastro
Hemato
Hepatic
Renal
Bd Wt
Metab
LOAEL
NOAEL
(mg/kg/day)
Less Serious
(mg/kg/day)
Serious
(mg/kg/day)
Reference
Chemical Form
Comments
37.5 F
McCauley et al. 1985
NR
37.5 F
37.5 F
37.5 F
37.5 F
37.5 F
37.5 F
37.5 F
110
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
33
Table 3-1 Levels of Significant Exposure to Barium - Oral
(continued)
Exposure/
Duration/
a
Frequency
Key to Species
(Route)
Figure (Strain)
18
Rat
90 d
(Fischer- 344) (W)
19
Rat
1 mo
(Long- Evans) 7 d/wk
(W)
20
Rat
4 mo
(Long- Evans) 7 d/wk
(W)
System
Resp
Cardio
Gastro
Hemato
Musc/skel
Hepatic
Renal
Ocular
Bd Wt
Metab
Cardio
Cardio
NOAEL
(mg/kg/day)
180 F
180 F
180 F
180 F
180 F
180 F
b
65 F
180 F
110 M
180 F
1 F
1.2 F
LOAEL
Less Serious
Serious
(mg/kg/day)
(mg/kg/day)
180 F (dilatation of proximal
renal cortex)
115 F (increased kidney weight)
200 M (13% lower final body
weight)
8.6 F (increased blood
pressure)
11 F (increased blood
pressure)
Reference
Chemical Form
NTP 1994
Barium chloride
Perry et al. 1983, 1985, 1989
Barium chloride
Perry et al. 1983, 1985, 1989
Barium chloride
Comments
Animals were fed a low
mineral diet.
Animals were fed a low
mineral diet.
BARIUM AND BARIUM COMPOUNDS
3. HEALTH EFFECTS
34
