Sheet Metal Forming

Chapter 12 Spinning, Shear Forming, and Flow Forming ............................................... 249
12.1 Spinning .......................................................................................... 249
12.2 Flow Forming ................................................................................... 259
12.3 Shear Spinning ................................................................................. 266
Chapter 13 Incremental Sheet Forming .......................................................................... 273
13.1 Process Variations of ISF .................................................................. 274
13.2 Equipment and Basic Process Parameters ......................................... 275
13.3 Process Mechanics and Process Limits ............................................. 277
13.4 Multistage Forming Strategies ........................................................... 282
13.5 Process Modeling ............................................................................ 283
13.6 Hybrid Process Variations ................................................................ 285
Chapter 14 Mechanical Joining by Forming .................................................................. 289
14.1 Riveting ........................................................................................... 289
14.2 Clinching ......................................................................................... 293
14.3 Future Trends ................................................................................... 296
14.4 Fatigue Behavior of Clinched Joints .................................................. 298
14.5 Crimping.......................................................................................... 299
Chapter 15 Sensors for Sheet Metal Forming ................................................................. 301
15.1 Measurement of Forces .................................................................... 301
15.2 Displacement Sensors ...................................................................... 304
15.3 Detection of Tool Breakage and Flaws in Parts ................................. 307
15.4 Measurement of Material Flow during Forming ............................... 308
15.5 Machine Vision Systems ................................................................... 309
15.6 Online Material Property Evaluation ................................................ 311
15.7 Sensors for Lubrication .................................................................... 314
15.8 Summary ......................................................................................... 314