Sheet Metal Forming

Chapter 3 
Process Simulation ......................................................................................... 51
3.1 Advantages of Process Simulation ........................................................ 51
3.2 Commercial Codes for Forming Simulations ........................................ 51
3.3 Steps Involved in FEM Simulations ...................................................... 52
3.4 Case Studies in Sheet Metal Forming ................................................... 54
3.5 Factors Affecting the Accuracy of FEM Simulations .............................. 67
Chapter 4 
Progressive and Transfer Die Forming ............................................................ 73
4.1 Process Design Using Finite-Element Analysis ..................................... 73
4.2 Application of FEA in Progressive Die Design ...................................... 81

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iv / Contents
Chapter 5 
 Warm Forming of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys ..................................... 83
5.1 Mechanical Behavior and Testing Methods .......................................... 83
5.2 Warm Forming Process ........................................................................ 90
5.3 Applications of Warm Forming ............................................................ 96
5.4 Deep Drawing ..................................................................................... 98
Chapter 6 
Forming of Advanced High-Strength Steels (AHSS) ..................................... 107
6.1 Mechanical Behavior of AHSS ........................................................... 108
6.2 Forming of AHSS ............................................................................... 114
6.3 Tribology in Forming AHSS ................................................................ 119
6.4 Presses and Tooling ............................................................................ 122
6.5 Springback ......................................................................................... 126