Sheet Metal Forming

Contents
iii
Preface ................................................................................................................................ vii
Abbreviations and Symbols .................................................................................................. ix
Chapter 1 
Blanking ........................................................................................................... 1 
1.1 Blanking Process .................................................................................... 1
1.2 Forces and Stresses ................................................................................ 2
1.3 Part Edge Characteristics ........................................................................ 3
1.4 Effects of Tooling and Presses ................................................................. 6
1.5 Tool Materials ...................................................................................... 11
1.6 Ultra-High-Speed Blanking .................................................................. 12
1.7 Fine Blanking ....................................................................................... 12
1.8 Shearing............................................................................................... 14
1.9 Finite-Element Simulations ................................................................... 15
Chapter 2 
Bending, Flanging, and Hemming .................................................................. 19
2.1 Mechanics of Bending ......................................................................... 19
2.2 Air Bending .......................................................................................... 27
2.3 Stretch Bending ................................................................................... 33
2.4 Other Industrial Bending Processes ...................................................... 34
2.5 Contour and Hole Flanging ................................................................. 37
2.6 Hemming............................................................................................. 39
2.7 Bending Machines ............................................................................... 42
2.8 Other Bending Machines ..................................................................... 48