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works of Chairman Smith on human rights in a humanities course 
or are they here learning how to beat us at technology? 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. I think that now the new wave of students who 
are coming not just at the graduate level but now also at the un-
dergraduate level, I think they are starting to study rather more 
diverse subjects than the first wave. 
Mr. S
HERMAN
. What about the institutes that we are basically fo-
cusing on in these hearings, the Chinese campuses of U.S. univer-
sities, are they teaching STEM, or are they teaching business and 
law, or are they teaching humanities, or mostly one, mostly the 
other? 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. There is a wide range of models for these U.S. 
universities that are operating in China. So NYU Shanghai is one 
model, and it is a joint campus. It is a joint venture between NYU 
and East China Normal University, with East China Normal Uni-
versity as the majority partner, and it is providing a liberal arts 
education. 
The number of joint campuses is very small. There are three U.S. 
universities that have been given this independent legal person 
status, which Vice Chancellor Lehman could explain more what the 
implications of that status are. 
There are only 13 U.S.-partnered institutions that China recog-
nizes and approves as collaborative education institutions, but 
there are more than 100 other U.S. universities that are involved 
in offering degree programs on Chinese campuses. 
And so it kind of varies depending on the model, but I would say 
that the bulk of the degrees that are being offered by U.S. institu-
tions in China, a lot of them are business, engineering degrees, 
some English degrees. There are a few unusual degrees. There is 
one U.S. university that is offering a music degree. There is an-
other U.S. university that is offering a dance degree. But for the 
most part it is more STEM, business. 
Mr. S
HERMAN
. Chancellor Lehman, if I got you right, you testi-
fied that you are not aware of any of your students being pregnant. 
That is the first time a chancellor of a non-all-male university has 
ever said that here in Congress. Obviously then you are not focused 
on that, but the chancellor of UCLA has never said that. 
I will ask Ms. Lawrence first, but perhaps others as well. What 
does the Chinese Government do to insulate the students that it 
sends to the United States from the wrongful influences of those 
who would want to break the pots of the Chinese Communist 
Party? What do they do to prevent the students they send here 
from bringing back American political values? 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. The Chinese Government does allow, does en-
courage a lot of the students now to come and study in the United 
States. There are Chinese student groups on a lot of campuses 
which have very close relationships with the Chinese Embassy, the 
Chinese consulates. 
Mr. S
HERMAN
. Are they spying on the Chinese students in what 
they are saying and doing? 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. I wouldn’t know whether they are spying on 
them, but I think they do coordinate with the Embassy. You see 
when major Chinese leaders are visiting, often there will be groups 
organized by these Chinese student groups to take Chinese stu-
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85
dents studying in the U.S. to come and join welcome parades and 
that sort of thing for visiting officials. 
Mr. S
HERMAN
. Let me ask, Ms. Cao, if someone was interested 
in commemorating the events of Tiananmen Square in 1989, would 
it be wise for them not to cause the Chinese students organization 
described by Ms. Lawrence, take steps so that they wouldn’t be 
aware of that effort? Or would you walk into one of these Chinese 
student groups with a big ‘‘remember Tiananmen’’ badge on and 
feel just comfortable? 
Ms. C
AO
. You will feel uncomfortable. There is evidence of that, 
there is incidences of that. And the associations of Chinese stu-
dents and scholars on larger American campuses, like Columbia 
University, MIT, there is strong evidence supporting, showing that 
there is very close cooperation and influence from the Chinese con-
sulates and the Embassies. 
And in the UK, in Cambridge, there was an example—well, I can 
only quote examples that are in the paper, that is how we get to 
know. But I have no reason to assume that was an isolated inci-
dent. 
Now, a couple years ago in Cambridge University, the university 
authorities actually cancelled the Chinese student association be-
cause of the Chinese Embassy’s influence on who will become the 
president of that association, because these associations are called 
on, for example, when Chinese leaders are visiting, they are called 
on to wave the flags, and they are paid the meal and money to do 
that. And when the Tibetans protest, these students are organized, 
these associations at the behest of the Embassy or consulate are 
going to do the counter protest, things like that. There are a lot of 
incidents like that. 
Mr. S
HERMAN
. Ms. Lawrence, if you are an agent of a foreign 
government or paid by a foreign government, aren’t you supposed 
to register? I realize that we heard a description of what went on 
in England, but assuming that there are Chinese student organiza-
tions being subsidized by and the officers being selected by the Chi-
nese Embassy, should those students be registering as agents of 
the PRC? 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. I have to refer you to another branch of CRS 
which handles U.S. domestic law. I focus on China, so I am afraid 
I am not familiar with——
Mr. S
HERMAN
. Okay. Get those folks to give us an answer. 
Ms. L
AWRENCE
. Sure. 
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