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sail on an Allied ship nor should he spend time with former enemies of the German nation saying that previously
everything his friend had done had “sprung from the nobility of [his] human nature and the goodness of [his]
heart” yet now his actions “had the significance that „the acts of princes‟ had in earlier times.”
19
Haber believed
that the people of Germany would consider Einstein‟s doings treasonous:
So many Jews went into the war, perished, became impoverished, without complaining,
because they thought it their duty. Their lives and deaths have not eliminated anti-Semitism
from the world but, in the eyes of those who make up the dignity and greatness of our country,
have demeaned it to something odious and undignified. Do you want by virtue of your conduct
to wipe out all that we have gained from so much blood and suffering? ... You sacrifice
definitely the narrow ground on which the existence of academic teachers and students of
Jewish faith in our institutions of higher education rest.
20
Haber seems to have viewed Einstein as the greatest representative of “German Jewry”. His actions
would “proclaim to the whole world that [he wants] to be nothing but a Swiss citizen who happens to live in
Germany” and Haber believed that “this is a time in which belonging to Germany brings with it a bit of
martyrdom”. Did Einstein truly want “to demonstrate [his] inner alienation right now?” His apparent disloyalty
to Germany would be viewed by German citizens “as a sign of Jewish disloyalty” and that would damage the
reputation of the Jewish people.
21
Clearly Haber did, to a certain degree, care how the culture he was born into
was represented. Or maybe he simply feared that his friend‟s actions would hasten the rise of the growing tide of
dislike and mistrust towards the Jews and he feared that even his ancestry would not be able to be overlooked,
however patriotic he was.
Einstein‟s reply to Haber was almost instantaneous. He made it clear that he had to go, particularly
“after I have seen lately in countless examples how perfidiously and unlovingly one treats superb young Jews
here and seeks to cut off their chances for education.”
22
Einstein did indeed make the journey and on his return
he remained close to progressive groups in political beliefs and culture.
Albeit Einstein‟s radical declarations and actions during this time caused him to be detested by “right-
wing colleagues and frightened German bourgeois”, yet both he and Haber were included in the Weimar‟s
highest circles of political and social “Prominenz”. Nevertheless, no matter how integrated the two were in
- 40 -
German society, they could not completely escape the rising tide of anti-Semitism. In 1921,
Einstein received the
terrible news that Walther Rathenau, a man whom he had known for years and whom he had warned against
“accepting the portfolio at the Foreign Ministry because of prevailing resentments against Jew.”
23
Einstein
described his thoughts on this
anti-Semitic tragedy in the Neue Rundshau: “That hatred,
delusion, and ingratitude
could go so far- I still would not have thought it. But to those responsible for the ethical education of the German
people for the last fifty years, I would want to call out: By their fruits you shall know them.”
24
Although Haber
did not yet experience such a personal tragedy with regards to anti-Semitism, he was certainly becoming more
aware of its growing influence over the high society in Germany, for when his friend Willstatter attempted to
hire a extremely well-qualified individual for a particular vacancy in 1924, he was denied and knew this result
was based solely on the fact that the candidate was of Jewish descent.
During the increasingly radicalized political climate, Haber and Einstein remained close, their private
predicaments strengthening their friendship. Haber‟s second marriage, to Charlotte Nathan, fell-apart in the mid-
1920‟s while his health became progressively more fragile. He constantly suffered from insomnia, which to
some extent must have been affected by his financial worries, which stemmed from his divorced wife‟s constant
demands for money, his failing investments, and the onset of the Great Depression.
25
Perhaps, even, the growing
anti-Semitic feelings and actions of the people worsened his insomnia. His colleagues were already being
affected. Did Haber worry that he too would soon have to face the consequences for being of Jewish descent in
the country that he had so loved and honored his whole life? He would soon find out.
On January 30, 1933, Hitler was brought to power. Haber thought that Hitler would not be in power long
and that he was “simply a puppet of his conservative allies.” For Einstein, however, Hitler‟s appointment was
affirmation of his greatest doubts concerning Germany. Einstein was quick to make his opinion clear when he
rallied for a “worldwide „moral intervention‟ against „the excesses of Hitlerism.‟”
26
The new leaders of the
country were still nervous that any unfavorable publicity abroad, would threaten their newfound power; hence,
they were outraged at Einstein‟s scathing criticisms. Einstein‟s condemnations would be particularly damaging
because he was one of the few German scientists who was still held in high esteem and honored outside of
Germany. For this reason, Nazi authorities demanded Einstein be expelled from the Prussian Academy of
Sciences, and in an official announcement Einstein‟s resignation was declared by the Academy “without