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Country	Policy
Description
United States	NDSA, the National Digital Stewardship Alliance	A collaboration of organizations dedicated to safeguarding and facilitating access to digital content
United Kingdom	Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC)	A not-for-profit membership organization that supports the development of digital preservation practices
Canada	Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN)	A federal program that encourages the use of technology to make Canadian cultural heritage more accessible
France	Agence France-Muséums(AFM)	A government agency responsible for promoting and managing French cultural heritage
Japan	Digital Archive Promotion Project (DAPP)	a nationwide initiative to preserve Japanese cultural history in digital form and encourage its use

3.1. The role of states’ national policies in the protection of digital cultural heritage

Since technical improvements have made it possible to preserve and make cultural artefacts accessible to a larger audience, the digitization of cultural heritage has grown in significance. The digitization process has taken on a global trend as more nations recognize the value of protecting their cultural heritage and create national legislation to safeguard digital cultural assets¹⁸⁰.
This essay will look at how state policies at the federal level affect the preservation of digital cultural material. The digitalization of actual artifacts, records, and other cultural artefacts is referred to as digital cultural heritage. Digitization preserves cultural heritage, making it accessible to a wider audience and providing a unique opportunity to promote cultural awareness, education, and appreciation. Digital cultural heritage has several benefits, including. Digitization helps to preserve cultural heritage by creating a digital record of physical objects that may deteriorate over time¹⁸¹.
Wider audiences can now access cultural assets, including those who might not otherwise have the chance to visit actual locations. Through online displays, instructional resources, and virtual tours, digitization offers a special chance to advance cultural awareness and education.Digitization enables researchers to access and analyze cultural heritage, providing insights into historical, social, and cultural development. Many nations have created national policies to protect digital cultural assets as they have realized how important it is to preserve their cultural legacy. These regulations offer a framework for the management, preservation, and protection of digital cultural assets. The following succinct statements can be used to summarize how national policies of governments affect the preservation of digital cultural material.
Standards and best practices for the digitization, management, and preservation of cultural heritage artifacts can be established with the aid of national policies. This includes the development of metadata standards, digital preservation systems, and digital repositories, as well as the promotion of interoperability and the use of open standards. For the digitization, administration, and preservation of digital cultural heritage artifacts, national policies can offer funds and resources. This can include the provision of grants, tax incentives, and other financial support for cultural institutions and organizations.
A legal and moral framework for the safeguarding of digital cultural assets can be established through national laws. This involves creating copyright laws and policies that strike a balance between the rights of copyright holders and public access to cultural heritage, as well as standards for the moral use of digital cultural heritage items¹⁸².
In order to conserve digital cultural legacy, national policies might encourage collaboration and cooperation among cultural institutions, groups, and nations. This involves the creation of global projects that encourage the exchange and transmission of cultural material across boundaries, such as the Europeana project and the UNESCO Memory of the World program. Several obstacles must be overcome for digital cultural heritage to be protected, including¹⁸³.Digital materials are vulnerable to obsolescence, technical failure, and data loss. Therefore, it is crucial to develop long-term preservation strategies and standards to ensure that digitized materials are accessible and usable in the future. Many cultural institutions hold collections that are subject to copyright restrictions¹⁸⁴. The legal and moral implications of digitization can be complex, including how to reconcile the rights of copyright holders with public access to cultural assets.
The process of digitization can be time-consuming and expensive, needing specialized tools, knowledge, and finance. For smaller institutions with fewer resources, this can be a major obstacle. National policies, which offer a framework for preservation, protection, and management, are crucial to the preservation of digital cultural heritage.
Table 9.Examples of National Policies for the Protection of Digital Cultural Heritage: