Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

The second period is characterized as a period ofestablishing the first scientific 
comparison of languages
and this period is related to the General and Rational 
Grammar: Port-Royal Grammar by Arnauld A., Lancelot C, (XVII c.) in Indo-Eu-
ropean languages. Port-Royal Grammar can be 
considered one of the most precious contributions 
to thedevelopment of Comparative Typology. It 
was developed by 2 French monks in the small 
abbey Port-Royal in the suburbs of Paris 
(published in 1660). It is the synthesis of linguistic 
and philosophic ideas of that time. The languages 
(French, Latin, Greek and ancient Jewish/ Ides) 
with thedifferent genealogic origin and typological 
structure were compared based on the criteria and 
principles elaborated by Arnauld A. and Claude 
Lancelot. 
Comparative study of Turkic language has its own history. Divan-Lugat At-Turk by 
Mahmud Kashgariy is considered 
the most solid work on thelinguistic 
comparison of Turkic languages. 
Mahmud 
Kashgariy 
analyzed 
phonetic, grammatical and lexical 
units of a group of Turkic languages 
and defined the level of their 
genetic relation to each other.
Further development of comparative 
study can be traced in theappearance of 
glossaries and dictionaries, e.g. Turkic-
Mongol-Persian dictionary compiled in 
Egypt (1245), Latin-Persian Kypchak 
dictionary (XII c), and other works.

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One of the most prominent work is the poem 
of Alisher Navoi "Muhokamatul al-Lugatain" (Debate 
of two languages) written in 1499. Navoi compares 
lexical, grammatical and word building specificities 
of 2 genetically non-related languages: old Uzbek and 
Persian. Navoi reveals a number of language 
specificities of Uzbek, which did not have direct 
correspondences in Persian, e.g. suffixes of 
reflexivity, 
reciprocity, 
causation, 
modality, 
comparativeness, etc.