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2. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy
Comparative Typology operates at all levels of
language hierarchy without
exception. In other words, it can
compare the units of phonetic, phonological,
morphological, syntactic and lexical levels.
In comparison with other levels the given level is more isolated and at the same
time, its sections are more developed from the typological point of view. Inside the
phonological level, actually phonologic and phonetic sublevels are identified.
Phonetic and phonological typology
deals with thecomparison of units of the
phonologic level of language. It engages in theallocation of phonological differential
signs,
defining their universality, study of thephonological structure of languages,
classification of languages on the basis of their phonological features (e.g. tonic and
atonic languages), defining thephonemic structure
of world languages and many
others. For a long time,the Prague linguistic school was
the center of Phonological
typology.
A certain contribution to thedevelopment of
Phonological
typology
was
made
by
N.S.Trubetskoy
who is
considered the founder of
Typology of Phonological systems. R.Yakobson,
G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area. Later
other sides of
Phonological typology were
developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett,
K.Vegelin, T.Milevsky, P.Menzerat, V.Skalichka,
A.Martine,
M.I.Lekomtseva,
T.J.EUzarenkova,
Abduazizov A.A., G.P.Melnikov,and others.
Major achievements of Phonological typology relate to the allocated cases
phonologic
universals,
N.S.Trubetskoy's
differential
signs,
I.Kramskoy,
P.Kovaleva's quantitative criteria, supra-segmental typological classification on tone
Phonetic and Phonological Typology
Morphological Typology
Syntactic Typology
Lexical Typology
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and accent by A.Martine's, numerous researches on
acomparison of phonological
systems of various languages.
The circle of research in
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