For the United Nations Development Programme
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5 PREFACE Valuable ideas on the reports struc- ture, analysis approach, and the link be- tween the Bulgaria 1996 national report and world reports on human development were provided by discussions at workshops staged by the UNDP Regional Bureau for Europe and the CIS in St. Petersburg (1995) and Bucharest (1996). The authors acknowledge the signifi- cant contribution of the UNDP Regional Bureau for Europe and the CIS and in par- ticular of its Director Mr. Anton Kruide- rink, Regional Director, RBEC, New York, as well as of Juliette El-Hage, Consultant at RBEC, and Carlo Geneletti, Technical Advisor, DDSMS, New York. Special thanks should be extended to Mr. Fabrizio Ossella, UNDP Resident Representative in UNDP, Sofia, and Mrs. Dafina Gercheva, Sustainable Develop- ment Advisor at UNDP, Sofia, for their support. The UNDP - Sofia office, jointly with the Union of Bulgarian Artists organized a competition on the subject of the Habitat II World Conference, for the artistic lay- out of the report. A competent jury con- sidered the numerous paintings, selected and awarded the following artists: Mr. Krassimir Bonev - Human Settlement (front cover of the present publication), Mr. Stefan Yanev - The Door, and Mr. Vihroni Popnedelev - Flora. The report was translated into English by Rumiana Yossifova (Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 10) and Nikolina Panova (Chapters 4, 6, 7, 8, 9) Individual parts of the Report were written by the following authors: Prof. Nikolai Genov (Chapter 1); Senior Re- search Fellow Gancho Ganchev and Rossen Rozenov (Chapter 2); Senior Re- search Fellow Yordan Hristoskov (Chap- ter 3, §1,2,3,4,5,6); Research Fellow Anna Mantarova (Chapter 3, §7); Research Fel- low Dimitrina Dimitrova (Chapter 3, §8), Senior Research Fellow Georgi Shopov and Research Fellow Stefan Ivanov (Chap- ter 4); Prof. Ivan Nikiforov, Prof. Petko Evrev and Research Fellow Stoicho Motev (Chapter 5); Senior Research Fellow Iskra Beleva (Chapter 6); Prof. Minko Minkov (Chapter 7); Associate Prof. Tanya Chola- kova, Associate Prof. Zlatka Glutnikova and Prof. Georgi Bogdanov (Chapter 8); Senior Research Fellow Mariana Zaharie- va (Chapter 9, § 1,2); Associate Prof. Maria Kadinova and Research Fellow Zhivko Nedev (Chapter 9, §3,4,5,6,7); Senior Re- search Fellow Goran Bankov (Chapter 10); Prof. Kiril Gatev and a team of the Na- tional Institute of Statistics (Appendix tables). Materials prepared by Senior Re- search Fellow Nina Yankova and special- ist Elissaveta Ignatova have also been used. During the work on the project UNDP, Sofia, together with the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria, organized several workshops. These covered burning issues of Bulgarian society, of human development and realiza- tion - the countrys demographic situation, measures to reduce poverty, economic re- structuring, entrepreneurship and the situa- tion of women. The authors gratefully ac- knowledge the ideas and critical notes of the numerous participants in these workshops. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT ! BULGARIA 1996 6 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1. TOWARDS STABILIZING THE CONDITIONS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT? .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Economic recovery ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. Need of strategic decisions and actions ............................................................................................................ 13 1.3. Contradictions in culture ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 1.4. Sustainable development: problems and tendencies ................................................................. 19 2. ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND PROBLEMS OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1. Strategy of the economic reform .................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2. Structural changes in the gross domestic product ........................................................................ 24 2.3. Changes in the foreign trade relations ............................................................................................................... 27 2.4. Changes in the sectoral structure of manpower ................................................................................ 28 2.5. New requirements and problems facing the human factor ............................................ 29 2.6. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 3. ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE TRANSITION TOWARDS MARKET ECONOMY .................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1. Conditions for developing entrepreneurship ................................................................................................... 33 3.2. Quantitative characteristics of the small business .................................................................................. 34 3.3. Types of entrepreneurs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.4. Normative and legal basis of entrepreneurship .......................................................................................... 38 3.5. Institutional environment of entrepreneurship ............................................................................................ 38 3.6. Mechanisms encouraging entrepreneurship ..................................................................................................... 39 3.7. Economic activity and crime ..................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.8. Women and entrepreneurship ................................................................................................................................................. 44 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENTIATION OF MUNICIPALITIES ......................... 47 4.1. Characteristics of municipalities .......................................................................................................................................... 47 4.2. The group of the most developed municipalities ..................................................................................... 48 4.3. Group of municipalities in the middle of the classification .................................................... 50 4.4. Municipalities in a critical socio-economic state ...................................................................................... 53 4.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 5. SETTLEMENT NETWORK, SETTLEMENTS AND HOUSING POLICY ......................................................................................................................................................................... 59 5.1. Settlement network .................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 5.2. Settlement development .................................................................................................................................................................... 60 5.3. Housing and housing policy ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 5.4. Towards a new housing policy ............................................................................................................................................... 68 6. REGIONAL SPECIFICITIES OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 71 6.1. Trends in the regional employment policy ......................................................................................................... 71 CONTENTS Yüklə 1,65 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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