Education of the republic of uzbekistan state university of world languages

Ontology of concepts
The topic of what concepts are being essential to the study of concepts. Philosophers interpret this question as one about the ontology of concepts—what they are. Further problems, like as how to integrate concepts into a larger theory of the mind, what functions are allowed or denied by a concept's ontology, and so on, are answered by the ontology of concepts. There are two major perspectives in concept ontology:

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  Abstract things
  
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  Mental representations
  

Concepts as abstract things: “The semantic view of concepts suggests that concepts are abstract objects. In this view, concepts are abstract objects of a category out of a human's mind rather than some mental representations”³. The link between concepts and natural language is a source of contention. But, it is crucial to start by realizing that the idea "dog" is philosophically separate from the things in the world that it groups—or the reference class or extension. "Lexical notions" are concepts that can be equivalent to a single word.⁴ In its most basic form, an idea is a name or label that refers to or treats an abstraction, such as a person, a place, or a thing, as if it had tangible or material existence. It could symbolize a real-world natural thing such as a tree, an animal, a stone, etc. It can also refer to a man-made object such as a chair, computer, or dwelling. Concepts represent abstract ideas and knowledge fields such as freedom, equality, science, happiness, and so on. It is critical to understand that an idea is simply a symbol, a representation of the abstraction. The word should not be confused with the thing. For example, the word "moon" (a notion) does not refer to the enormous, bright, shape-changing celestial object in the sky, but only represents it. Ideas are developed (called) in order to define, explain, and capture reality as it is known and understood.
A priori concepts: Kant⁵ believed that human minds have pure or a priori conceptions. They arise in the mind rather than being abstracted from individual perceptions, as empirical notions do. He referred to these ideas as categories in the sense of predicate, attribute, feature, or quality. Yet, these pure categories are predicates of things in general, not specific items. The understanding of phenomenal objects, according to Kant, is divided into twelve categories. Each category is that one predicate that is shared by several empirical ideas. Kant used the technical idea of the schema to describe how priori concept might connect to particular phenomena in a way that is equivalent to posteriori concept. He was of the opinion that the description of the concept as an abstraction of experience is only partially valid. He referred to notions derived by abstraction as "a posteriori concepts" (meaning concepts that arise out of experience). A broad representation (Vorstellung) or non-specific idea of what is similar to multiple unique observed objects is an empirical or a posteriori concept. (Logic, I, 1, Note 1).
An idea is a property or feature that is shared by many people. Kant looked at how empirical a posteriori conceptions are formed. The logical acts of comprehension that generate concepts in terms of their form are as follows:

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  Comparison, which is the likening of mental images to one another in relation to the unity of consciousness;
  
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  Reflection, which is the going back over different mental images to see how they can be comprehended in one consciousness;
  
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  Abstraction, which is the separation of everything else by which the mental images differ