Cmos bulletin scmo volume 5 No. April 2017 avril 2017
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Article: Weather in Canada’s First Year November 30
- 50th Anniversary: Interviews To celebrate the 50th anniversary of CMOS, the Society will be publishing a book, to include a
- Interview with Lucie Vincent
- Q: What motivated you to pursue this area of research
- Q: How has this research informed climatological research in Canada and around the world
CMOS Bulletin SCMO Vol. 45, No.2
Article: Weather in Canada’s First Year November 30: During a gale, the ship Stag dropped anchor in the St. Lawrence River, near Trois-Pistoles, QC. The following day, surrounding ice cut her bow. Two days later she went down with a load of grain and 300 tonnes of government rifles. The crew launched 2 life boats: the mate and 23 men in one boat and the captain, pilot, second-mate, and 6 men in the other.
roofs, barns blew down, and fences were scattered. In Plympton, ON, a tree crashed onto a school shortly after the teacher dismissed the children early. A concerned school trustee had persuaded the reluctant teacher to dismiss the school just minutes before the tree came down. December 7: A poor unfortunate man near Woodstock, ON was assisting in the slaughtering of some hogs ... and on his way home with a butcher's knife in his pocket he slipped on the ice on the street and fell, the knife entering his side and causing death in half an hour.
Thirteen crew members drowned. Ten others struggled ashore on floating timber but were badly frozen. Crews from other ships delivering winter supplies at the time were also badly frostbitten in the -25°C cold and had to be carried ashore.
cold in the streets was frightful. The bitter weather had the effect of eliminating all unlawful acts as the police reported not a single offence against the laws had occurred.
northeasterly gale sent Lake Erie waters westward, leaving the Niagara River and its tributaries at their lowest ever. The steamer
could not effect a landing, forcing passengers to use ladders to get on and off. December 13: In Montréal, QC, workers endeavoured to clear the wharves before ice covered them. The St. Lawrence River was rising rapidly. Soldiers were hired to assist in removing the wood and lumber supplies. The floating ice soon became stationary. Fears were also raised that severity of the weather would interfere with the city’s water supply. December 14: “It is now all but certain that the good … people of the Niagara Peninsula [ON], as well as the scallywags and sinners, and those who take, read and appropriate newspapers without paying for them, will soon be favoured with some good sleighing. It has been snowing since Saturday, one flake every minute...”
, St. Catharines December 18: At around 3:00 , an earthquake was felt from Hamilton, ON, to Montréal and Trois-Rivières, QC. The tremor lasted only about a minute, and was strong enough to shake buildings, make dishes rattle, and arouse people from their sleep. December 21: Information was sketchy, but possibly as much as 80 mm of freezing rain fell in Ontario near eastern Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario. The next day, temperatures rose above the freezing mark, melting much of the accumulated glaze. If all the precipitation was freezing rain, then this would be the record to fall in one day in Ontario. December 29: From Hudson’s Bay Company records at Fort Chimo (now Kuujjuaq, NU): “Everything was crisp and cracking with frost. Our very dogs are yelling with cold and water freezing alongside our stoves filled with fire wood. The idea of 3 months more of such weather was not very cheering. Men hauled home fire wood and we were burning it as fast as they could bring it.” December 30: From Hudson's Bay Company records for 30 and 31 December at Fort Chimo: " Everything crisp & cracking with frost, our very dogs are yelling with cold & water freezing alongside of our stoves filled with fire wood, & the idea of 3 months more of such weather is not very cheering ... last of the old year, no abatement of cold. Men hauling home fire wood & we burn it as fast as they can bring it."
David has been employed with Environment Canada's weather service for more than 45 years. His work activities relate to the study of the climate of Canada and to promote awareness and understanding of meteorology. He has published several books, papers and reports. He is the originator and author of the Canadian Weather Trivia Calendar, the most popular calendar sold in Canada, and now in its 30th year. David is the recipient of three honorary doctorates from the universities of Waterloo and Windsor and Nipissing University. In 2001, David was named to the Order of Canada.
CMOS Bulletin SCMO Vol. 45, No.2
50th Anniversary: Interviews To celebrate the 50th anniversary of CMOS, the Society will be publishing a book, to include a compilation of papers published in the CMOS flagship journal Atmosphere-Ocean . The republished papers were selected from all papers published in Atmosphere-Ocean , and its predecessor Atmosphere, on
the basis of being the most-cited papers in the past five years.
In the first three issues of Volume 45 of the CMOS Bulletin, readers can enjoy interviews conducted by CMOS Bulletin Editor Sarah Knight with the authors of the papers included in the book. The book will be available in time for the June CMOS Congress in Toronto. Interview with Lucie Vincent Lucie Vincent is the lead author of the paper Changes in Daily and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices for Canada over the Twentieth Century (Vincent and Mekis 2006). She also co-authored 2 other papers included in the book:
(Zhang, Vincent, Hogg and Niitsoo, 2000) and
(Mekis and Vincent 2011). Here, she answers questions related to both her 2000 and 2006 papers. Xuebin Zhang offers his own thoughts on their 2000 paper in his interview on page 14.
In the 1990’s, I was involved in a project to assess climate trends in Canada. Since my education is in mathematics and statistics, I was applying regression models to determine if climate trends at individual climatological stations were statistically significant or not. But soon I realized that the temperature time series showed non-climatic shifts (also called inhomogeneities) due to the relocation of instruments, changes in observing procedures, and automation, which interfere with the proper assessment of climate trends and changes in extremes. Since then, my research has been mainly devoted to the homogenization of the climate data and the analysis of climate trends in Canada. Q: How has this research informed climatological research in Canada and around the world? Since the 1990’s, climate data homogenization and assessment of changes in climate extremes have become important topics in climate research. Scientists using climate data observations are now aware of the issues affecting climate data and they can better interpret the results of their studies. For example, there are a number of climatological stations where the instruments were formerly located on the roof of a building, at some airports and schools, that have been moved to nearby ground locations. The irradiating temperature of the roofs and walls influenced the surrounding air temperature and the relocation of the instruments to the ground incorrectly led to the assumption that the air temperature was cooling at these sites. Adjusting temperature data was crucial Screen located on the wall (between windows) where thermometers were placed for observations before 1957; screen located in the front yard where the thermometers were placed between 1957 and 1986, at Vernon Coldstream Ranch. Annual mean of the daily minimum temperatures before adjustments (red) and after adjustments (blue) at Vernon Coldstream Ranch. The unadjusted data shows a decreasing trend of 0.1°C while the adjusted data shows an increasing trend of 0.6°C for 1918-1986.
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