Cmos bulletin scmo volume 5 No. April 2017 avril 2017
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- 50th Anniversary: Interviews
- Q: How did this research inform your own goals
- Q: What are your hopes for climatological research in general in the future
- 50th Anniversary: Interviews About Lucie
- Paper Summary
- Interview with Xuebin Zhang
- Q: How did you get interested in this area of research
- Q: What was the main impact of this research, and how was it used by other researchers in Canada, or around the world
CMOS Bulletin SCMO Vol. 45, No.2
50th Anniversary: Interviews in these cases for a better assessment of the trends. Therefore, it is with more confidence that we were able to present our trends results in our papers, and in particular greatest warming during winter and spring (Zhang, Vincent, Hogg and Niitsoo, 2000), and fewer cold nights, cold day, frost days and more warm nights, warm days and summer days across Canada (Vincent and Mekis 2006).
It became quickly obvious that detecting inhomogeneities and adjusting climate datasets requires detailed information regarding the instruments in use, observing procedures, and also a lot of time. For this reason, in the early 1990’s, we have created the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data (AHCCD) for use in climate research. The data have been used by hundreds of people including scientists from meteorological offices and other federal/provincial agencies, university and high school professors and students, and by the public in general. The data are available at the Government of Canada Open Data portal ( http://open.canada.ca/ en/open-data ) and at the Environment Canada website ( http://www.ec.gc.ca/dccha-ahccd/ ). Today, scientists recognize that it is preferable to use homogenized/adjusted data for climate change studies and, in particular, for climate trends analysis. Q: How did this research inform your own goals? Both studies provide further evidence that, based on long and high quality observational records, the climate is changing in Canada. The changes include a more pronounced warming in winter and spring, increase in precipitation in the north, and decrease in the fraction of precipitation falling as snow in the south. The warming is also associated with fewer cold events and more warm events, more days with precipitation and a reduction in the maximum number of consecutive dry days. No consistent changes were found in extreme precipitation events. Since climate
extremes have
far-reaching consequences on our society, economy and environment, it is important to continue to develop methodologies to assess changes in extremes events. Since the publication of both studies, my main research goal has been to continue the development of procedures to homogenize/adjust temperature and precipitation datasets, but for daily and sub-daily observations, which are needed for an appropriate assessment of changes in climate extremes. Q: What are your hopes for climatological research in general in the future? The climate observing network has changed considerably in Canada since the 1990s due to the downsizing of the traditional network and increasing use of automated systems. The preferred practice when the observing system is replaced is to have parallel observations from the collocated instruments for a period of two to five years in order to develop mathematical relations between the old and new systems, and to derive and apply adjustments if necessary. The collection of parallel observations has been gradually becoming a practice in recent years in Canada. However, this practice should be well recognized and applied each time that a new instrument is used or a new observing procedure is taken place. This should be done especially in the northern and isolated regions of the country where climate observations are of a great value for climate monitoring and studying climate change. My colleagues, Ewa Milewska and Éva Mekis, and I are currently developing methodologies to integrate long-term homogenized temperatures and adjusted precipitations with new measurements taken at automated systems in order to preserve the continuity of the climate records for use in climate change analyses. Trends in annual mean temperature for 1948-2012 (°C for 65 years). Grid squares with trends statistically significant at the 5% level are marked with a dot.
CMOS Bulletin SCMO Vol. 45, No.2
50th Anniversary: Interviews About Lucie Lucie A. Vincent received her Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics from l’Université de Sherbrooke in 1984, and her Master’s degree in Statistics from York University in 1990. She has been working as a scientist for Environment Canada since 1984. She has published numerous articles in peer reviewed literature on climate data homogenization/adjustments and climate trends in Canada. She was an associate editor for the AMS (American Meteorological Society) State of the Climate reports for 2008 to 2011. She currently co-leads the CCl (Commission of Climatology) Expert Team on National Climate Monitoring Products (ET NCMPs) supported by WMO (World Meteorological Organization) who develops products and software specifications and requirements for climate monitoring. Lucie is pictured here, in centre, with colleagues Éva Mekis (on left) and Ewa Milewska (on right).
: L.A. Vincent and É. Mekis, 2006 Lucie Vincent and Éva Mekis analyse the trends and variations in several indices of daily and extreme temperature and precipitation in Canada. The indices are based on homogenized daily temperature and adjusted daily precipitation. Previous studies on climate change in Canada have shown changes in long-term annual and seasonal means and it became pertinent to investigate if the warming in Canada was accompanied by detectable changes in temperature and precipitation extremes. Extreme climate events have the greatest and most direct impact on our everyday lives, community and environment. The results indicate fewer cold nights, cold days and frost days and, conversely, more warm night, warm days and summer days across the country for 1950-2003. The results also reveal more days with precipitation, a decrease in the precipitation intensity and a decrease in the maximum number of consecutive dry days. No consistent changes are found in most of the indices of extreme precipitation. This study also provides further evidence that the warming in Canada has changed some of the precipitation from solid to liquid which in turn can have a serious impact on some of the economics activities in Canada such as agriculture. Interview with Xuebin Zhang Xuebin Zhang is the lead author of the paper Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Canada during the 20 th Century (Zhang, Vincent, Hogg and Niitsoo, 2000). This important paper shows clearly the long-term changes in Canada’s climate.
I obtained a PhD in Portugal at the University of Lisbon, with a specialization in climatology. I was interested in climate studies. Prior to 1995, my work was about the impact of climate change on water resources as well as construction of climate change scenarios. After moving to Canada at the end of 1995 I was looking for a job, and I was very lucky to be offered a Visiting Fellowship by the Climate Research Branch at the time. The first project I did in Canada led to this paper. Q: What was the main impact of this research, and how was it used by other researchers in Canada, or around the world? This was the first paper that comprehensively documented long-term trend in Canadian temperature and precipitation. The paper was very simple, with two main components. One, was methodological development. There we showed a simple method to reliably and robustly estimate trends in climate series. Because of this (I *think*), the paper has generated quite a few citations. Most of the citations are in the field of climate research, where the method we developed is used. The other component is that it was the first paper to systematically document long-term changes in Canadian temperature and precipitation. This has played an important role to inform the climate research community, and to some extent policy makers and the general public about long-term changes in Canadian climate that have been happening.
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