Review of the regulatory management of food allergens

8 References

Akobeng AK and Thomas AG (2008) Systemic review: tolerable amount of gluten for people with celiac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.; 27:1044-1052.

Allen KJ, Koplin JJ, Gould C and Osborne NJ (2009). Prevalence of self-reported allergies to food in Australia as assessed by Internet-based questionnaires. Med J Aust.; 190 (1):46-47.

Allergen Bureau (2009) Labelling Review Survey Report http://www.allergenbureau.net/resources/allergen-bureau-labelling-survey-a-pif. Accessed October 2010.

Allergy UK (2009) Food Allergy in children. http://www.allergyuk.org/fs_foodchildren.aspx. Accessed February 2010.

Amano M, Ogawa H, Kojima K, Kamidaira T, Suetsugu S, Yoshihama M, Satoh T, Samejima T, and I Matsumoto (1998) Identification of the major allergens in wheat flour responsible for baker's asthma. Biochem J.; 330(Pt 3):1229–1234.

Anaphylaxis Australia (2008) See Anaphylaxis Australia website http://www.allergyfacts.org.au/ Back to School Message from Anaphylaxis Australia Accessed February 2010.

Anderson LA, McMillan SA, Watson RG, Monaghan P, Gavin AT, Fox C, Murray LJ (2007) Malignancy and mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with coeliac disease or 'gluten sensitivity'. World J Gastroenterol.13(1):146-151.

Arentz-Hansen H, Fleckenstein B, Molberg Ø, Scott H, Koning F, Jung G, Roepstorff P, Lundin KE, Sollid LM. (2004)The molecular basis for oat intolerance in patients with celiac disease. PLoS Med. (1):e1.

Armentia A (2009) Why can patients with baker's asthma tolerate wheat flour ingestion? Is wheat pollen allergy relevant? Intern J Clin Investigate allergol Clin Immunol. 37(4):203-204.

ASCIA (2010a) Coconut allergy http://www.allergy.org.au/content/view/171/137/ (Accessed August 2010).

ASCIA (2010b) Allergy to wheat and cereals http://www.allergy.org.au/content/view/183/141/ (Accessed August 2010).

Asero R, Mistrello G, Roncarolo D, Vries S C de, Gautier MF, Ciurana C LF, Verbeek E, Mohammadi T, Knul-Brettlova V, Akkerdaas JH, Bulder I, Aalberse RC, Ree R-van (2000) Lipid transfer protein: a pan-allergen in plant-derived foods that is highly resistant to pepsin digestion. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.;122(1):20-32.

Ayuso R, Reese G, Leong-Kee S, Plante M, Lehrer SB (2002) Molecular basis of arthropod cross-reactivity: IgE-binding cross-reactive epitopes of shrimp, house dust mite and cockroach tropomyosins. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.;129(1):38-48.

Ayuso R, Grishina G, Bardina L, Carrillo T, Blanco C, Ibáñez MD, Sampson HA, Beyer K. (2008) Myosin light chain is a novel shrimp allergen, Lit v 3. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 122(4):795-802.

Ayuso R, Grishina G, Ibáñez MD, Blanco C, Carrillo T, Bencharitiwong R, Sánchez S, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Sampson HA (2009) Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein is an EF-hand-type protein identified as a new shrimp allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 124(1):114-120.

Ayuso R, Sánchez-Garcia S, Lin J, Fu Z, Ibáñez MD, Carrillo T, Blanco C, Goldis M, Bardina L, Sastre J, Sampson HA (2010) Greater epitope recognition of shrimp allergens by children than by adults suggests that shrimp sensitization decreases with age. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;. 125(6):1286-1293.

Barre A, Borges J-P, Culerrier R, and Rouge P (2005) Homology modelling of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 and surface mapping of IgE-binding epitopes. Immunology Letters 100:153-158.

Barton SH, Murray JA (2008) Celiac disease and autoimmunity in the gut and elsewhere. Gastroenterol Clin North Am.; 37(2):411-428.

Battais F, Pineau F, Popineau Y, Aparicio C, Kanny G, Guerin L, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Denery-Papini S (2003) Food allergy to wheat: identification of immunoglobulin G-binding proteins with sequential extracts and purified proteins from wheat flour. Clin Exp Allergy 33:962–970.

Battais F, Courcoux P, Popineau Y, Kanny G, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Denery-Papini S (2005a) Food allergy to wheat: differences in immunoglobulin E-binding proteins as a function of age or symptoms. J Cereal Sci.; 42:109-117.

Battais F, Mothes T, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Pineau F, Kanny G, Popineau Y, Bodinier M, Denery-Papini S (2005b) Identification of IgE-binding epitopes on gliadins for patients with food allergy to wheat. Allergy 60:815–821.

Baur X. and Posch A (1998) Characterized allergens causing bakers' asthma. Allergy 53:562–566.

Benito C, González-Mancebo E, de Durana MD, Tolón RM, Fernández-Rivas M (2007) Identification of a 7S globulin as a novel coconut allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.; 98(6):580-584.

Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington DW, Soller L, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St Pierre Y, Godefroy SB, Elliot SJ, Clarke AE (2010) A population-based study on peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, and sesame allergy prevalence in Canada. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;125(6):1327-1335.

Beyer K, Grishina G, Bardina L, Grishin A, Sampson HA (2002) Identification of an 11S globulin as a major hazelnut food allergen in hazelnut-induced systemic reactions J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 110:517–523.

Beyer K, Ellman-Grunther L, Jarvinen KM, Wood RA, Hourihane J and Sampson HA (2003)

Measurement of peptide-specific IgE as an additional tool in identifying patients with clinical

reactivity to peanuts. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 112:202-207.

Bietz, J A, Huebner FR, Sanderson JE, Wall JS (1977) Wheat Gliadin Homology Revealed through N-Terminal Amino Acid Sequence Analysis Cereal Chem.; 54:1070-1083. 

Bindslev-Jensen C, Ballmer-Weber BK, Bengtsson U, Blanco C, Ebner C, Hourihane J, Knulst AC, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Osterballe M, Ortolani C, Ring J, Schnopp C, Werfel T (2004) Standardization of food challenges in patients with immediate reactions to foods--position paper from the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 59(7):690-697.

Bittner C, Grassau B, Frenzel K, Baur X (2008). Identification of wheat gliadins as an allergen family related to baker's asthma.J Allergy Clin Immunol.;121(3):744-749.

Bjőrkstén B, Crevel R, Hischenhuber C, Løvik M, Samuels F, Strobel S, Taylor SL, Wal JM, Ward R (2008) Criteria for identifying allergenic foods of public health importance. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol.; 51:42-52.

Bock SA , Muñoz-Furlong, Sampson HA (2001) Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 107(1):191-193.

Bousquet, J, Björkstén, B, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, et al. (1998) Scientific criteria and the selection of allergenic foods for product labelling. Allergy. 53(47 Suppl):3-21.

Breiteneder H, Radauer C (2004) A classification of plant food allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 113(5):821-830.

Brown AFT and McKinnon D (2001) Emergency department anaphylaxis: a review of 142patients in a single year. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 108:861-866.

Bush RK, Taylor SL, Nordlee JA, Busse WW (1985) Soybean oil is not allergenic to soybean-sensitive individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 76:242–245.

Catassi C, Fabiani E, Iacono G, D'Agate C, Francavilla R, Biagi F, Volta U, Accomando S, Picarelli A, De Vitis I, Pianelli G, Gesuita R, Carle F, Mandolesi A, Bearzi I, Fasano A (2007) A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to establish a safe gluten threshold for patients with celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr.; 85:160-166.

Chu KH, Wong SH, Leung PSC (2000). Tropomyosin is the major mollusc allergen: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, expression and IgE reactivity. Mar Biotechnol. 2: 499-509.

Constantin C, Quirce S, Grote M, Touraev A, Swoboda I, Stoecklinger A, Mari A, Thalhamer J, Heberle-Bors E, Valenta R (2008). Molecular and immunological characterization of a wheat serine proteinase inhibitor as a novel allergen in baker's asthma. Immunol.180(11):7451-7460.

Chang HJ, Burke AE and Glass RM (2009) Celiac diseae. JAMA 302(11):1248.

Chatchatee P, Jarvinen KM, Bardina L, Beyer K, Sampson HA (2001) Identification of IgE- and IgG-binding epitopes on alpha(s1)-casein: Differences in patients with persistent and transient cow's milk allergy J Allergy Clin Immunol. 107:379-383.

Cressey P, Jones S, Grounds P and Ashworth M (2010) Residual protein and potential allergenicity in processed products from allergenic source materials (prepared for NZFSA under project CFS 09/05) http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/science/researchprojects/FW10038_Allergenicity_assessments.pdf Accessed October 2010.

Crevel RW, Kerkhoff MA, Koning MM (2000) Allergenicity of refined vegetable oils.Food Chem Toxicol.; 38(4):385-393.

Crevel RW, Ballmer-Weber BK, Holzhauser T, et al. Crevel RW, Ballmer-Weber BK, Holzhauser T, Hourihane JO, Knulst AC, Mackie AR, Timmermans F, Taylor SL (2008) Thresholds for food allergens and their value to different stakeholders. Allergy 63(5):597-609.

Cummins AG, Roberts-Thomson IC (2009) Prevalence of celiac disease in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24:1347-1351.

Daengsuwan T, Palosuo K, Phankingthongkum S, Visitsunthorn N, Jirapongsananuruk O, Alenius H, Vichyanond P, Reunala T (2005) IgE antibodies to ω-5 gliadin in children with wheat induced anaphylaxis. Allergy 60:506–509.

Daul, C. B., M. Slattery, J. E. Morgan, and S. B. Lehrer (1991) Isolation and characterization of an important 36kD shrimp allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 87:192.

Davis, PJ,Williams SC (1998) Protein modification by thermal processing. Allergy 53:102–105.

Davis PJ, Smales CM, James DC (2001) How can thermal processing modify the antigenicity of proteins? Allergy. 56 Suppl 67:56-60.

Davoren M and Peake J (2005) Cashew nut allergy is associated with a high risk of anaphylaxis. Arch Dis Child.; 90:1084-1085.

De Knop KJ, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, Stevens WJ, Ebo DG (2010) Macadamia nut allergy: 2 case reports and a review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg.; 65(2):129-132.

Drake I (2008) Lupins show healthy potential for increased human consumption. Australian Food News (Source GRDC) http://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2008/11/03/lupins-show-healthy-potential-for-increased-human-consumption.html Accesssed July 2009.

EFSA (2004a) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA]  on a request from the Commission relating to the evaluation of allergenic foods for labelling purposes. The EFSA Journal 32:1-197.

EFSA (2004b) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergieson a request from the Commission related to a notification from FEDIOL and IMACE on fully refined peanut oil and fat pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. The EFSA Journal 133:1-9.

EFSA (2006) Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the Commission related to the evaluation of mollusks for labeling purposes (Request No EFSA-Q-2005-084). The EFSA Journal 327:1-25.

EFSA (2007a) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies (NDA) related to a notification from CEPS on whey used in distillates for spirits pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. The EFSA Journal 483:1-6.

EFSA (2007b) Opinion of the Panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from CEPS on cereals used in distillates for spirits, pursuant to Article 6 paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. The EFSA Journal 484:1-7.

EFSA (2007c) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to a notification from Finnsugar Ltd on glucose syrups produced from barley starch pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. The EFSA Journal 456:1-6.

EFSA (2007d) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies [NDA] related to a notification from AAC on wheat-based glucose syrups including dextrose pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. The EFSA Journal 488:1-8.

EFSA (2007e) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to a notification from FEDIOL and IMACE on fully refined soybean oil and fat pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC - for permanent exemption from labelling. The EFSA Journal 570:1-9.

Elsayed S and Aas K (1971) Characterization of a major allergen (cod): observations on effect of denaturation on the allergenic activity This article is not included in your organization's subscription. However, you may be able to access this article under your organization's agreement with Elsevier.J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 47(5):283-291.

Ensari A, Marsh MN, Moriaty KJ, Moore CM, Fido RJ, Tatham AS (1998) Studies in vivo of omega-gliadins in gluten sensitivity (coeliac sprue disease). Clin Sci.; 95:419-424.

Fasano, A (2006) Systemic autoimmune disorders in celiac disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 22:674-679.

Faulkner-Hogg K, Hodge L, Swain A (2009) Coeliac disease. Australian Family Physician 38(10):786-787.

Fraser JS, Ciclitira PJ (2001). Pathogenesis of coeliac disease: implications for treatment. World J Gastroenterol.7(6):772-776.

Flinterman AE, Akkerdaas JH, den Hartog Jager CF, Rigby NM, Fernandez-Rivas M, Hoekstra MO, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Knulst AC, van Ree R, Pasmans SG (2008) Lipid transfer protein-linked hazelnut allergy in children from a non-Mediterranean birch-endemic area. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 121(2):423-428.

FSANZ (2004) Quantitative consumer survey on allergen labelling: benchmark survey 2003. (Evaluation Report Series, Report Number 7) Available on FSANZ website: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/

FSANZ (2008) Ongoing food label monitoring survey in Australia and New Zealand: Report on the assessment of 2005 labels for key mandatory labelling elements for consistency against labelling provisions (phase 2 report). (Evaluation Report Series, Report Number 17) Available on FSANZ website: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/

FSANZ (2008) Ongoing food label monitoring survey in Australia and New Zealand: Report on the assessment of 2006 labels for key mandatory labelling elements for consistency against labelling provisions (phase 2 report). (Evaluation Report Series, Report Number 18) Available on FSANZ website: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/

FSANZ (2009) Consumer study on food allergen labelling: follow-on survey 2008-09. (Evaluation Report Series, Report Number 20) Available on FSANZ website: http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/

García-Orozco KD, Aispuro-Hernández E, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Calderón-de-la-Barca AM, Sotelo-Mundo RR (2007) Molecular Characterization of Arginine Kinase, an Allergen from the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 144:23-28.

Goetz DW, Whisman BA, Goetz AD (2005) Cross-reactivity among edible nuts: double immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and human specific IgE serologic surveys. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.; 95(1):45-52.

Goggin DE, Mir G, Smith WB, Stuckey M, Smith PM (2008). Proteomic analysis of lupin seed proteins to identify conglutin Beta as an allergen, Lup an 1. Agric Food Chem.; 56(15):6370-6377.

Griesmeier U, Vazquez-Cortes S, Bublin M, Radauer C, Ma Y, Briza P,Fernandez-Rivas M, Breiteneder H (2009) Expression levels of parvalbumins determine allergenicity of fish species Allergy 65(2):191-198.

González Galán I, García Menaya JM, Jiménez Ferrera G, González Mateos G (2002) Anaphylactic shock to oysters and white fish with generalized urticaria to prawns and white fish. Allergol Immunopathol.; 30: 300-303.

Government of Western Australia, Department of Agriculture and Food (2008). Australian Sweet lupin – a very healthy asset.

Haboubi NY, Taylor S, Jones S (2006) Coeliac disease and oats: a systematic review. Postgrad Med J. 82:672-678.

Hansen KS, Ballmer-Weber BK, Lüttkopf D, Skov PS, Wüthrich B, Bindslev-Jensen C, Vieths S, Poulsen LK. (2003). Roasted hazelnuts-allergenic activity evaluated by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Allergy 58(2):132-138.

Hefle SL, Lemanske RF Jr, Bush RK (1994) Adverse reaction to lupine-fortified pasta. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;94(2 Pt 1):167-72.

Hefle SL., Nordlee, JA, Taylor, SL (1996). Allergenic foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 36: S69-S89.

Hefle SL. Impact of processing on food allergens (1999). Adv Exp Med Biol. 459:107-119.

Hefle SL, Furlong TJ, Niemann L, Lemon-Mule H, Sicherer S, Taylor SL (2007) Consumer attitudes and risks associated with packaged foods having advisory labeling regarding the presence of peanuts. Allergy Clin Immunol.; 120(1):171-176.

Helbling A, Haydel R Jr, McCants ML, Musmand JJ, El-Dahr J, Lehrer SB. (1999) Fish allergy: is cross-reactivity among fish species relevant? Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge studies of fish allergic adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.; 83(6 Pt 1):517-523.

Hidalgo FJ and Zamora R (2006) Peptides and proteins in edible oils: Stability, allergenicity, and new processing trends. Trends in Food Sci Technol.; 17(2): 56-63.

Hill DJ, Hosking CS, Zhie CY, Leung R, Baratwidjaja K, Iikura Y, Iyngkaran N, Gonzalez-Andaya A, Wah LB and Hsieh KH (1997) Frequency of food allergy in Australia and Asia. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol.; 4:101-110.

Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (2006) Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.; 23(5):559-575.

Hourihane JO, Bedwani SJ, Dean TP, Warner JO. (1997) Randomised, double blind, crossover challenge study of allergenicity of peanut oils in subjects allergic to peanuts. Brit Med J.; 314(7087):1084-1088.

Hourihane JO (1998) Prevalence and severity of food allergy – need for control. Allergy 53(46 Suppl):84-88.

Inomata N (2009) Wheat allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol.; 9(3):238-243.

Ishikawa M, Ishida M, Shimakura K, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K (1998) Tropomyosin, the

major oyster Crassotrea gigas allergen and its epitopes. J Food Sci.; 63: 44-47.

Jablonski JE, Fu TJ, Jackson LS, Gendel SM. (2010) Determination of protein levels in soy and peanut oils by colorimetric assay and ELISA. J AOAC Int.; 93(1):213-220.

Järvinen KM, Beyer K, Vila L, Chatchatee P, Busse PJ, Sampson HA (2002) B-cell epitopes as a screening instrument for persistent cow's milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 110(2):293-297.

Jones SM, Magnolfi CF, Cooke SK, Sampson HA (1995) Immunologic cross-reactivity

among cereal grains and grasses in children with food hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 96:341-351.

Kagnoff MF (2007) Celiac disease: pathogenesis of a model immunogenetic disease. J Clin Invest.; 117(1):41-49.

Kandyil RM and Davis CM. (2009) Shellfish. allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol,; 20(5):408-414.

Kasarda DD, Dupont FM, Vensel WH, Altenbach SB, Lopez R, Tanaka CK, Hurkman WJ. (2008) Surface-associated proteins of wheat starch granules: Suitability of Wheat starch for celiac patients. J Agric Food Chem.; 56(21):10292-10302.

Kaukinen K, Lindfors K, Collin P, Koskinen O, Mäki M (2010) Coeliac disease-a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Clin Chem Lab Med.; 48(9):1205-1216.

Kondo Y, Komatsubara R, Nakajima Y, Yasuda T, Kakami M , Tsuge I, Urisu A (2006) Parvalbumin is not responsible for cross-reactivity between tuna and marlin: A case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 118(6):1382-1383.

Kruizinga AG, Briggs D, Crevel RW, Knulst AC, van den Bosch LM, Houben GF (2008) Probabilistic risk assessment model for allergens in food: sensitivity analysis of the minimum eliciting dose and food consumption. Food Chem Toxicol.; 46(5):1437-1443.

Kuehn A, Scheuermann T, Hilger C, Hentges F (2010) Important variations in parvalbumin content in common fish species: a factor possibly contributing to variable allergenicity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.;153(4):359-366.

Lee S (2004) Chestnut as a food allergen: Identification of the major allergens and effect of gastric and intestinal fluids. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;113:S234.

Lemon-Mule H, Furlong TJ. Sicherer SH (2007) Consumer Awareness and Response Following the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA). J Allergy Clin Immunol.; S74 Abstracts.

Leung PS, Chu KH, Chow WK, Ansari A, Bandea CI, Kwan HS, Nagy SM, Gershwin ME

(1994) Cloning, expression, and primary structure of Metapenaseus ensis tropomyosin, the

major heat-stable shrimp allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 94: 882-890.

Leung PS, Chow WK, Duffey S, Kwan HS, Gershwin ME, Chu KH (1996) IgE reactivity

against a cross-reactive allergen in crustacea and mollusca: evidence for tropomyosin as the

common allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 98: 954-961.

Leung PS, Chen YC, Mykles DL, Chow WK, Li CP, Chu KH (1998a) Molecular

identification of the lobster muscle protein tropomyosin as a seafood allergen. Mol Mar Biol

Biotechnol.; 7:12-20.

Leung PS, Chen YC, Gershwin ME, Wong SH, Kwan HS, Chu KH (1998b) Identification

and molecular characterization of Charybdis feriatus tropomyosin, the major crab allergen. J

Allergy Clin Immunol.; 102: 847-852.

Leung PSC, Chu KH (1998) Molecular and immunological characterization of shellfish

allergens. Frontiers in Bioscience 3:306-312.

Leung PS, Chu KH (2001) cDNA cloning and molecular identification of the major oyster allergen from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Clin Exp Allergy 31(8):1287-1294.

Lopata AL and Jeebhay MF (2001) Seafood allergy in South Africa – Studies in the domestic and occupational setting. ACI International 13:204-210.

Lopata AL, O'Hehir RE, Lehrer SB. Shellfish allergy (2010) Clin Exp Allergy 40(6):850-858.

Løvik M, Namork E, Fæste C, Egaas E (2004) The Norwegian National Reporting System and Register of Severe Allergic Reactions to Food. Norsk epidemiologi 14(2):155-160.

Løvik M. (2009) Considerations on developing criteria to determine whether a food allergen is of public health importance. Food Analytical Methods 3(4):339-343.

Macdougall CF, Cant AJ, Colver AF (2002) How dangerous is food allergy in childhood?

The incidence of severe and fatal allergic reactions across the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child.; 86:236-239.

Madsen CB, Hattersley S, Buck J, et al. Gendel SM, Houben GF, Hourihane JO, Mackie A, Mills EN, Nørhede P, Taylor SL, Crevel RW (2009) Approaches to risk assessment in food allergy: report from a workshop ''developing a framework for assessing the risk from allergenic foods". Food Chem Toxicol.; 47(2):480-489.

Madsen CB, Crevel R, Chan CH, Dubois AE, DunnGalvin A, Flokstra-de Blok BM, Gowland MH, Hattersley S, Hourihane JO, Nørhede P, Pfaff S, Rowe G, Schnadt S, Vlieg-Boerstra BJ (2010) Food allergy: stakeholder perspectives on acceptable risk. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol.; 57(2-3):256-265.

Maleki SJ, Chung SY, Champagne ET, Raufman JP (2000a) The effects of roasting on the allergenic properties of peanut proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 106(4):763-768.

Maleki SJ, Kopper RA, Shin DS, Park CW, Compadre CM, Sampson H, Burks AW, Bannon GA (2000b) Structure of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 may protect IgE-binding epitopes from degradation. J Immunol.; 164(11):5844-5849.

Martín-Hernández C, Bénet S, Obert L (2008). Determination of proteins in refined and nonrefined oils. J Agric Food Chem.; 56(12):4348-4351.

Matheu V, de Barrio M, Sierra Z, Gracia-Bara MT, Tornero P, Baeza ML (1999). Lupine-induced anaphylaxis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol.; 83:406-408.

Matsuo H, Kohno K, Niihara H, Morita E (2005) Specific IgE determination to epitope peptides of omega-5 gliadin and high molecular weight glutenin subunit is a useful tool for diagnosis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. J Immunol.; 175(12):8116-8122.

Mills ENC, JJenkins JA, Alcocer MJ, Shewry PR (2004) Structural, biological, and

evolutionary relationships of plant food allergens sensitizing via the gastrointestinal tract.

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.; 44: 379-407.

Mills EN; Sancho AI, and Moreno J (2007) The effects of food processing on allergens. Ch 7 In: Mills, Hoffmann-Sommergruber and Wichers (eds) Managing allergens in food. Woodhead Food Series No. 133, Cambridge, pp 117-133.

Mills EN, Sancho AI, Rigby NM, Jenkins JA, Mackie AR (2009) Impact of food processing on the structural and allergenic properties of food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res.; 53(8):963-969.

Mills, CEN, Mackie AR, Burney P, Beyer K, Frewer L, Madsen C, Botjes E, Crevel RWR, van Ree R (2010). How to get from patterns and prevalence to realistic allergen control strategies: Symposium on “Frontiers in Food Allergen Risk Assessment”- Nice, France.

Miyazawa H, Fukamachi H, Inagaki Y, Reese G, Daul CB, Lehrer SB, Inouye S, Sakaguchi

M (1996) Identification of the first major allergen of a squid (Todarodes pacificus). J Allergy

Clin immunol.; 98:948-953.

Mondoulet L, Paty E, Drumare MF, Ah-Leung S, Scheinmann P, Willemot RM, Wal JM, Bernard H (2005) Influence of thermal processing on the allergenicity of peanut proteins.J Agric Food Chem.; 53(11):4547-4553.

Moneret-Vautrin DA, Guérin L, Kanny G, Flabbee J, Frémont S, Morisset M (1999) Cross-allergenicity of peanut and lupine: the risk of lupine allergy in patients allergic to peanuts. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 104(4 Pt 1):883-888.

Motoyama K, Ishizaki S, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K (2006) Cephalopod tropomyosins: identification as major allergens and molecular cloning. Food Chem Toxicol.; 44(12):1997-2002.

Motoyama K, Suma Y, Ishizaki S, Nagashima Y, Shiomi K (2007) Molecular cloning of tropomyosins identified as allergens in six species of crustaceans. J Ag Food Chem.; 55(3):985-991.

Moreno FJ and Clemente A (2008) 2S albumin storage proteins: what makes them food allergens? Open Biochem J.; 2:16-28.

Morita E, Matsuo H, Mihara S, Morimoto K, Savage AWJ, Tatham AS. (2003) Fast ω -5 gliadin is a major allergen in wheat dependentexercise-induced anaphylaxis. J Derm Sci.; 33: 99-104.

Mullins RJ (2007) Paediatric food allergy trends in a community-based specialist allergy practice 1995–2006. MJA; 186 (12): 618-621.

Palosuo K, Varjonen E, Kekki O-M, Klemola T, Kalkkinen N, Alenius H, Reunala T

(2001a) Wheat omega-5 gliadin is a major allergen in children with immediate allergy to

ingested wheat. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 108:634-638.

Palosuo K, Alenius H, Varjonen E, Kalkkinen N, Reunala T (2001b) Rye gamma-70 and gamma-35 secalins and barley gamma-3 hordein cross-react with omega-5 gliadin, a major allergen in wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Allergy 31:466-473.

Paschke A (2009) Aspects of food processing and its effect on allergen structure. Mol Nutr Food Res.; 53(8):959-962.

Pastorello EA, Farioli L, Pravettoni V, Ispano M, Conti A, Ansaloni R, Rotondo F, Incorvaia C, Bengtsson A, Rivolta F, Trambaioli C, Previdi M, Ortolani C (1998). Sensitization to the major allergen of Brazil nut is correlated with the clinical expression of allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 102:1021–1027.

Pastorello EA, Rivolta F, Bianchi M, Mauro M, Pravettoni V (2001) Incidence of anaphylaxis in the emergency department of a general hospital in Milan. J Chromatography B: Biomed Sci Appl.; 756: 11-17.

Pastorello EA, Vieths S, Pravettoni V, Farioli L, Trambaioli C, Fortunato D, Lüttkopf D, Calamari M, Ansaloni R, Scibilia J, Ballmer-Weber BK, Poulsen LK, Wütrich B, Hansen KS, Robino AM, Ortolani C, Conti A (2002) Identification of hazelnut major allergens in sensitive patients with positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge results. Allergy Clin Immunol.; 109(3):563-570.

Pieretti MM, Chung D, Pacenza R, Slotkin T, Sicherer S (2009). Audit of manufactured products: use of allergen advisory labels and identification of labeling ambiguities. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 124:337-341.

Poole JA, Barriga K, Leung DYM, Hoffman M, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M, Norris JM.(2006) Timing of initial exposure to cereal grains and the risk of wheat allergy. Pediatrics; 117: 2175-2182.

Poulsen LK, Hansen TK, Nørgaard A, Vestergaard H, Stahl Skov P, Bindslev-Jensen C

(2001) Allergens from fish and egg. Allergy; 56 Suppl 67:39-42.

Presutti, RJ, Cangemi, JR , Cassidy HD and Hill DA (2007) Celiac disease. Am Fam Physician; 76(12):1795-1802.

Pumphrey RSH (2000) Lessons for management of anaphylaxis from a study of fatal

reactions. Clin Exp Allergy; 30:1144-1150.

Radcliffe M, Scadding G, Brown HM (2005) Lupin flour anaphylaxis. Lancet; 365: 1360.

Rahman S, Kosar-Hashemi B, Samuel MS, Hill A, Abbot DC, Skerritt JH, Preiss J, Appels R, Morell MK (1995).The major proteins of wheat endosperm starch granules. Aust J Plant Physiol.; 22:793–803.

Ramazzotti M, Mulinacci N, Pazzagli L, Moriondo M, Manao G, Vincieri FF, Degl'Innocenti D. (2008) Analytic investigations on protein content in refined seed oils: implications in food allergy. Food Chem Toxicol.46(11):3383-3388.

Reese G, Ayuso R, Lehrer SB (1999) Tropomyosin: an invertebrate pan-allergen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol;119(4):247-258.

Rodrigo-Sáez, L (2006) Celiac disease in the adult. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas; 98(6):397-407.

Robotham JM, Wang F, Seamon V, Teuber SS, Sathe SK, Sampson HA, Beyer K, Seavy M, Roux KH (2005) Ana o 3, an important cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) allergen of the 2S albumin family. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 115(6):1284-1290.

Rona RJ, Keil T, Summers C, Gislason D, Zuidmeer L, Sodergren E, Sigurdardottir ST, Lindner T, Goldhahn K, Dahlstrom J, McBride D, Madsen C (2007) The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol.; 120(3):638-646.

Rosado A, Fernández-Rivas M, González-Mancebo E, León F, Campos C, Tejedor MA (2002) Anaphylaxis to coconut. Allergy 57(2):182-183.

Rosmilah, M, Shahnaz, M, Masita, A, Noormalin, A and Jamaludin, M (2005) Identification of major allergens of two species of local snappers: Lutjanus argentimaculatus (merah/ red snapper) and Lutjanus johnii (jenahak/ golden snapper). Tropical Biomed.; 22(2):171–177.

Roux KH, Teuber SS. Sathe SK. (2003) Tree Nut Allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol.; 131:234–244.

Sampson HA (1999). Food allergy. Part 1: immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;103 (5 Pt 1):717-728.

Sampson, HA (2000) Food Anaphylaxis. British Med Bull.; 56(4):925-935.

Sampson HA (2003) Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol.;111(2 Suppl):S540-547.

Sampson HA and Burks W (1996) Mechanisms of Food Allergy. Annual Review of Nutrition 16:161-177.

Sanchez-Monge R, Gomez L, Barber D, Lopez-Otin C, Armentia A, Salcedo G (1992) Wheat and barley allergens associated with baker's asthma. Glycosylated subunits of the alpha-amylase-inhibitor family have enhanced IgE-binding capacity. Biochem J.281(Pt 2):401-405.

Sathe SK and Sharma GM (2009) Effects of food processing on food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res.; 53:970-978.

Selby WS, Painter D, Collins A, Faulkner-Hogg KB, Loblay RH(1999) Persistent mucosal abnormalities in coeliac disease are not related to the ingestion of trace amounts of gluten. Scand J Gastroenterol.; 34:909-914.