Microsoft Word Signalwege ausführlich doc
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Comparison Type Examples Structure Mechanism type I cytokine receptor
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor family
- TGF beta receptors
- TGF beta signaling pathway
- [edit] Mechanism [edit] Ligand Binding
- [edit] Receptor recruitment and phosphorylation
Signalwege – Fakultatives Material –
-Fakultativ- 11 •
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which are ubiquitously present throughout several cells and tissues of the vertebrate body •
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family, whose members share a cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain, and includes several other non- cytokine ligands like CD40, CD27 and CD30, besides the ligands on which the family is named (TNF). •
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TGF beta receptors Comparison Type Examples Structure Mechanism type I cytokine receptor •
Type 1 interleukin receptors •
receptor •
GM-CSF receptor •
G-CSF receptor •
growth hormone receptor •
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Oncostatin M receptor •
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor type II cytokine receptor •
Type II interleukin receptors •
receptor •
interferon-gamma receptor Certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino- acid domain. Connected to Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases JAK phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways Many members of the
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Interleukin-1 receptor •
CSF1 •
C-kit receptor •
Interleukin-18 receptor Share structural homology with immunoglobulins (antibodies), cell adhesion molecules, and even some cytokines.
receptor family •
CD27 •
CD30 •
CD40 •
CD120 •
Lymphotoxin beta receptor cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain
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CCR1 •
CXCR4 •
MCAF receptor •
NAP-2 receptor Seven transmembrane helix G protein-coupled TGF beta receptors •
TGF beta receptor 1 •
TGF beta receptor 2
Cytokine receptors may be both membrane-bound and soluble. Soluble cytokine receptors are extremely common regulators of cytokine function.
Signalwege – Fakultatives Material –
-Fakultativ- 12 TGF beta signaling pathway From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression. Contents [hide]
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1 Mechanism o
1.1 Ligand Binding o
1.2 Receptor recruitment and phosphorylation o
1.3 SMAD phosphorylation o
1.4 CoSMAD binding o
1.5 Transcription •
2 Pathway regulation o
2.1 Ligand agonists/antagonists o
2.2 Receptor regulation o
2.3 R-SMAD regulation 2.3.1 Role of inhibitory SMADs
2.3.2 R-SMAD ubiquitination •
3 Summary table •
4 External links •
5 References [edit] Mechanism [edit] Ligand Binding
The TGF Beta superfamily of ligands include: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs), Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), Activin, Nodal and TGFβ's [1]
. Signalling begins with the binding of a TGF beta superfamily ligand to a TGF beta type II receptor. The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyses the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each class of ligand binds to a specific type II receptor [2] .In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type II receptors [3]
. There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B and Activin AB. Activins are involved in embryogenesis and osteogenesis. They also regulate many hormones including pituitary, gonadal and hypothalamic hormones as well as insulin. They are also nerve cell survival factors. The BMPs bind to the Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 (BMPR2). They are involved in a multitude of cellular functions including osteogenesis, cell differentiation, anterior/posterior axis specification, growth, and homeostasis. The TGF beta family include: TGFβ1, TGFβ2, TGFβ3. Like the BMPS, TGF betas are involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation, but they are also involved in apoptosis, as well as other functions. They bind to TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2). Nodal binds to activin A receptor, type IIB ACVR2B. It can then either form a receptor complex with activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) or with activin A receptor, type IC (ACVR1C) [3]
. [edit] Receptor recruitment and phosphorylation Yüklə 0,68 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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