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1.4 HOW DOES ATOMIC STRUCTURE RELATE TO CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES?
THE COMPONENTS OF AN ATOM
It has been mentioned that elements are the purest forms of chemicals.
Chemical
reactions cannot make them simpler. Each atom in a sample of an element has the same
chemical properties.
In 1897 it was discovered that atoms can be separated into negatively charged and
positively charged parts.
Electrons
are the pieces with negative charge.
Chemists usually say
that one electron has a charge of -1. Electrons can be rearranged by chemical reactions.
If all the electrons are removed from an atom, what remains is the
nucleus
. It is
positively charged and contains most of mass of an atom. The positive charge of the nucleus
attracts the negative charge of the electrons.
Further experiments showed that a nucleus is composed of two types of particles. Each
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