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The order of elements on the table is the number of protons. Elements are similar to their
left- and right-hand neighbors in mass and size. Elements farther down the periodic table show
an increase in mass and size.
Notice that the rows labelled 1 through 7 (called “periods”) are not all the same length.
The pattern provides information about the chemical properties of elements.
Elements in the
same column (called a “group”) undergo similar reactions. For example, group I contains the
elements Li, Na, K which all react violently with water.
The tallest groups, labelled with Roman numerals, contain the
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