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saswavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi da gakveTilis
dagegmvis zogadi principebi
saswavlo procesis organizaciis ZiriTadi forma gakve Ti lia; saganmanaTleblo,
aRmzrdelobiTi da praqtikuli miz ne bis ganxorcieleba gakveTilze xdeba. amitom
maTematikis swav lebis ZiriTadi sakiTxi gakveTilis kargi momzadeba da Cata rebaa.
meTodikur literaturaSi didaqtikuri cneba _ `gakve Ti li~ ZiriTadad ase
aRiwereba: gakveTili logikurad das ru lebuli, mTliani saswavlo-aRmzrdelo-
biTi procesis gar kve uli SemosazRvruli monakveTia. masSi rTul urTierT da mo-
kidebulebaSia procesis yvela ZiriTadi elementi: Sinaarsi, mizani, saSualebebi,
meTodebi, organizacia; yovel gakveTilze gansazRvruli saganmanaTleblo da
aRmzrdelobiTi amocanebi wydeba; am amocanebis gadawyveta konkretuli saswavlo
ma sa lis ganxilvis procesSi mimdinareobs.
maTematikis gakveTilisadmi wayenebuli mTavari moTxov ni le baa ZiriTadi di-
daqtikuri amocanis arseboba _ im Temis Ses wav lis miznis arseboba, romlis
gadawyvetis procesi mo ce mul gakveTilze mimdinareobs. yoveli gakveTilis win
kargad unda gaiazroT misi Sinaarsi da mizani, amaSi Cven mier mo wo debuli ruka
dagexmarebaT. miznis Sesabamisi unda iyos kar gad gaazrebuli da dagegmili sas-
wavlo masalis wardgenis fazebi:
motivacia; ar aris sakmarisi, rom maswavlebels gaaz re buli hqondes mizani;
saWiroa, rom igi moswavleebisTvisac gax des ZiriTadi mizani. moswavleebTan sau-
bari unda daviwyoT ara imiT, Tu ras vaswavliT, aramed mniSvnelovania Tavidanve
interesis aRZvra da iseTi situaciis Seqmna, roca moswavle motivirebulia da pou-
lobs pasuxebs kiTxvaze _ `risTvisaa saWiro~. motivacia SesaZlebelia praqtikuli
amocanis dayenebiTa da misi amoxsnis xerxebis ZiebiT daviwyoT, an maTematikis Siga
kanonzomierebis gaazrebiT, problemuri situaciis Seqmnis xelSewyobiT; mxolod
amis Semdeg xdeba Sesabamisi amocanis dasma da misi amoxsnis Zieba.
amocanis gansazRvris Semdeg mimdinareobs misi amoxsnis gzis Ziebis procesi.
amoxsnis Ziebis procesis warmarTvis sxvadasxva meTodikuri saSualeba arsebobs.
yovel amocanas, rogorc wesi, amoxsnis Ziebis garkveuli forma miesadageba. es
formebia _ muSaoba jgufebad (SesaZlebelia or-oradac), mTeli klasis erToblivi
monawileobiT, individualuri muSaoba da a. S. im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca amocanis
amoxsnis ZiebaSi mTeli klasi erTdrouladaa Cabmuli, maswavlebelma swavleba ise
unda warmarTos (moxerxubuli kiTxvis dasmis saSualebiT), rom Temis Seswavlis
procesis ZiriTadi Semoqmedebi Tavad moswavleebi aRmoCndnen; maswavlebeli am
SemTxvevaSi warmarTvelis, `diriJoris~ funqcias unda asru lebdes.
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moswavlis saxelmZRvanelos teqsti mogcemT aseTi gakve Ti lebis Catarebis sa-
Sualebas. igi ZiriTadi saswavlo saSua le baa da amitom gakveTilisTvis mzadebis
procesSi teqs tebis, ilustraciebis, savarjiSoebis gacnobas, daxarisxebas didi
dro unda dauTmoT. Tumca, maswavleblis wignic dagex ma rebaT TiToeul etapze
(sawyisi, damagvirgvinebeli) Sesas rulebeli savarjiSoebis SerCevis sakiTxSi.
Sinarsisa da miznebis rukaSi ver mivuTiTeT Temis Seswav lis yvela mizani,
romelic saganmanaTleblo da aRmzrde lo biTi amocanebis gadawyvetis komponen-
tebisgan Sedgeba. ar unda gavaigivoT mizani SinaarsTan. magaliTad, samkuTxedis
kuTxeebis jamis formulis gamoyvana saxelmZRvaneloSi isea warmodgenili, rom
igi am Temis Sinaarsis miznad gardaqmnis process kargad warmogvidgens; dasmuli
amocanis amoxsna kritikuli azrovnebis, msjelobisa da dasabuTebis unaris gamo-
muSavebaa, geometriul figuraTa gamosaxvis da am figu raTa Tvisebebis SeswavlaSi
eqsperimentis gamoyenebis unaris gamomuSavebaa. am miznebis gansaxorcieleblad qa-
Raldisgan gamoWril samkuTxedze (modelze) Catarebuli eqsperimentis (gamoiyeneba
ramdenime RerZuli simetria) an dasabuTebis xer xia mowodebuli. meore maTgani
dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis SerCevis, msjelobisa da dasabuTebebis fonze mimdin-
areobs. aq maswavlebelma SeiZleba sxva eqsperimentic daamatos (tran s portiris
gamoyenebiT). ufro dawvrilebiT am gakveTilis Sesaxeb qvemoT mogaxsenebT.
am konkretuli magaliTidan Cans, rom aqtivobis mizani saganmanaTleblo da
aRmzrdelobiTi miznebis erTobliobaa.
gakveTilze Seswavlili faqtebi TavisTavad aris mniSv ne lovani; Tumca, kidev
ufro mniSvnelovania is, rom maTi Ses wav lis dros ganxorcielebuli procesi Ta-
vis kvals tovebs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebaze, msjeloba _ dasabuTebis
unaris gamomuSavebaze. amasTanave, moswavleTa gonebaSi gaiazreba mniSvnelovani
sakiTxebi: adamianis mier faqtebis aRmoCena, aRmocenebuli amocanebis amoxsna da
Sedegebis dafiqsireba azrovnebaSi. konkretuli deduqciuri msjeloba, dasabuTeba
im SemTxvevaSi atarebs aRmzrdelobiT funqcias, roca mos wav les gavagebinebT misi
Catarebis mniSvnelobas.
axla davasaxelebT ramodenime sasargeblo zogad reko men dacias, romelic
meTodikis sakiTxebs ganekuTvneba:
• maswavlebeli cdilobs, rom yoveli axali SemecnebiTi amo cana TviT moswav-
lem Camoayalibos;
• maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT da moswavleTa Za lis xme viT _ dakvirvebis,
cdis, konkretuli SemTxvevebis ana li zis Sedegad _ iqmneba warmodgena, hipoTeza
arsebul kanon zomierebaze.
• maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT mimdinareobs dasa bu Te biT gzis Zieba, amo-
canis amoxsnis gegmis Sedgena; rasac xSi rad mosdevs TviT moswavleebis mier am
gegmis realizacia.
axla SevexoT saswavlo procesisTvis mzadebis zogad sqemas:
• maswavleblis muSaoba saswavlo wlis win;
• gakveTilTa sistemis gaazreba saswavlo wlis win;
• konkretuli gakveTilisTvis momzadeba.
momzadebisas maswavlebelma unda gamoiyenos moswavlis wigni, maswavlebelis
sarekomendacio wigni da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, iq miTiTebuli literatura.
sarekomendacio wig n Si, sasurvelia, maswavlebeli Tavdapirvelad sas wav lo gegmas,