Dilfuza Saiidyrakhimova 1*,Masturakhan Sharipova

*Corresponding Author:-
 
Dilfuza Saiidyrakhimova 
 
*
Department of English Philology, International Kyrgyz Uzbek University named after B. Sydykov, Osh, Kyrgyzstan 
 
 
Abstract 
This article is investigating analysis of grammatical categories including adjective, adverb, pronoun and numerals In 
English, Kyrgyz and Russian languages. Obtained results allow us to draw a number of conclusions based on analysis of 
paradigm, comparison degrees between adjectives and adverbs in the studied languages and shows that in the compared 
languages one can find isomorphic and allomorphic features in the way of expressing comparativeness. In English there 
are two suffix markers of comparison degrees of adjectives - er and - est, the role of which, apparently, is decreasing, 
since
they are limited by structural framework of words and are increasingly being replaced by the analytic correlates 
more and most. In the Kyrgyz language, in addition to the affix - raak, there are case affixes (affixes of the original case - 
dan and dative case - ga), forming the name, the object of comparison and derivational affixes. Allomorphism in compared 
languages consists in the Kyrgyz language almost from all qualitative adjectives and adverbs form the comparative degree 
only synthetically, and the superlative degree only analytically, while in English the comparative and superlative degrees 
of adjectives and adverbs are formed both synthetically and analytically. 
 
Keywords:
 
Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun, Grammatical categories, English, Russian and Kyrgyz languages 
 
1.
 
Introduction 
Grammar category of adjective. Linguists disagree 
on the question of whether degrees of comparison 
should be considered a grammatical category 
(Malykh & Kzar, 2016). According to some 
scientists, the suffix degrees of comparison of 
adjectives are considered as models of word 
formation, and combinations of adjectives with 
more/most, less/least as units of the sphere of 
syntax (Revzin, 1962; Alkhazov & Kroitesku, 
1989). A number of authors believe that the degrees 
of comparison of adjectives lie in the center of 
comparison 
expression, 
constituting 
a 
grammatical-morphological 
category 
(
Schwa- 
rzschild, 2008)
. According to V.N. Zhigadlo: “The 
category of comparison degree is usually 
considered in grammar textbooks as a form of an 
adjective, i.e. is included in inflection, but is not 
mentioned among the grammatical categories 
inherent 
in 
the 
adjective. 
However, 
the 
morphological design always has a grammatical 
form, indicating the presence of an independent 
grammatical category. Therefore, it seems logical 
to talk about the presence of a grammatical 

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Dilfuza Saiidyrakhimova 2444 
category of comparison" (Zhigadlo, 1956; Melnik, 
2015). 
As A.I. Smirnitsky writes: “the grammatical, and 
not the word-formation nature of comparison 
degrees is evidenced by the fact that in different 
forms of comparison category degrees the lexical 
meaning of the adjective remains the same” 
(Smirnitsky, 1959). 
According to M.Ya. Bloch, the category of 
adjectives comparison degrees is considered as 
grammatical-morphological. It is built on a 
paradigm whose members are synthetic and 
analytical. Bloch notes that “it is reasonable to 
directly correlate the proper semantic basis of 
formal-grammatical analyticity with the semantic 
basis of analytical method, on the use of which the 
form is built. If we approach an assessment of 
concept under consideration from this point of 
view, it becomes clear that the root of analyticity 
meaning must lie in the reflection of the composite 
character, i.e. separation, “discurs-iveness” of 
identifying some morpho-logical feature as a 
feature that closes on a single real word (real in 
relation to an auxiliary element, since this word 
itself can have a grammatical character...)” (Bloch, 
1976). 
Numerals are defined with a specific lexical 
meaning, denote the number of an object or an 
object order of during counting (Saiidyrakhimova 
et al., 2022).