Dilfuza Saiidyrakhimova 1*,Masturakhan Sharipova

2. 
Research methods and materials
 
Comparison in English, Kyrgyz and Russian 
languages is consisting of the paradigm of degrees 
in three forms: positive, comparative and 
superlative. Some linguists consider the number of 
degrees of comparison problematic on the grounds 
that a positive degree in itself does not express any 
comparison and, therefore, should be excluded 
from the comparison paradigm. On the contrary, a 
number of authors distinguish three degrees of 
comparison of adjectives (Toksonalieva, 2015; 
Saidova, 2013). In Turkic literature there are such 
cases when the number of degrees of comparison 
exceeds more than three. 
We clarified that in English, Kyrgyz and Russian 
languages the grammatical category of the 
adjective is represented by the classical paradigm 
(positive - unmarked, comparative and superlative 
- marked forms). In the languages under 
consideration, an adjective comparison degrees are 
formed synthetically and analytically. 
 
3.
 
Results and discussion 
In English, the presence of analytical forms is 
characteristic, which corresponds to the tendencies 
of English language towards analytics. In the 
Kyrgyz language, the comparative degree is formed 
synthetically, the superlative degree is formed only 
analytically. English and Kyrgyz languages have 
identical comparative models of adjectives 
comparative degree (Ryashchina, 2016), formed in 
an agglutinative way. However, in the system of 
this category common to the languages under 
consideration, it is observed as a formal and content 
heterogeneity. In English, comparative and 
superlative degrees of comparison were marked, 
while in the Kyrgyz language there is only a marker 
of adjectives comparative degree (Dzhamasheva, 
1989). The comparative degree of adjectives in 
English is formed synthetically using the 
morpheme –er (strong- stronger, easy-lighter) for 
monosyllabic adjectives and some two-syllable 
adjectives, which has a clear correlation in Kyrgyz 
- raak (zhakshy - zhakshyraak, uzun - uzunraak). 
Two- and three-syllable adjectives form a 
comparative 
degree 
analytically 
using 
the 
functional word more (beautiful - more beautiful, 
intelligent - more intelligent), the equivalent of 
which in the Kyrgyz language is the morpheme - 
raak (suluu - suluuraak, akylduu - akylduuraak). In 
Russian, the comparative degree, as well as in 
English, is formed synthetically and analytically 
with the help of a morpheme - her (or her) or 
unproductive morphemes -e or -she (strong - 
stronger, full - fuller, old - scarier, thin - thinner). 
Adjectives in the form of a comparative degree of 
comparison do not have any agreement. 
The comparative degree in Russian is also formed 
analytically, in which the words more or less are 
used before the adjective in a positive degree 
(strong, stronger). 
As for the superlative degree of comparison of 
adjectives in English, monosyllabic and some 
disyllabic adjectives are characterized by a marked 
form with the suffix -est (the greatest, the eldest), 
the correlate of which in the Kyrgyz language is en, 
өtө (en chong, өtө suluu). 
Three-syllable and more English adjectives, which 
formed analytical superlatives with the help of the 
word most, in the Kyrgyz language correspond to 
en, өtө: the most difficult - өтө oor. The superlative 
degree of Russian adjectives is formed analytically 
by adding the word most (the strongest, the oldest) 
to the positive form of the adjective. 
One of the ways to form the comparative degree of 
adjectives in the Kyrgyz language is a special 
syntactic construction, when the adjective itself is 
in a positive degree, and the objects compared 
according to the degree of qualitative features are 
decorated with case affixes: the name that names 

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2445 Journal of Positive School Psychology 
the object with a greater completeness of qualities 
is in the nominative case, and a name that names 
the item being compared to in the original. The 
marker of the original case -dan - den, -don, -tan, -
ten, -tone, -tone corresponds to the conjunction 
than: stronger than. 
The comparative degree of adjectives in the Kyrgyz 
language can also be expressed using the 
postpositions Karaganda, kөrө, which controls the 
dative case of the noun (ending - ha), with which 
this noun is compared. The correlate of this 
construction in the Kyrgyz language corresponds to 
the construction with the union than in English and 
then in Russian. 
In Russian, there is a special form of superlative 
degree, the so-called elative, with the seme 
“extremity”, denoting an irrespectively high degree 
of quality, which is formed synthetically - by 
adding affixed morphemes -eysh (-ij, -aya, -ee) and 
-aysh ( -th, -ay, -th), if the stem of the adjective ends 
in back-lingual consonants g, k, x (nearest, 
smallest, etc.) In English, the elative is expressed 
analytically: the most beautiful woman. In this 
case, the determined noun has an indefinite article. 
The adjective enters into diverse lexical relations 
with the noun and the adverb. This is also noted by 
V.G. Belyavskaya: “In general, it should be noted 
that abstract names have a narrower semantic 
meaning and a larger zone of variability than 
concrete ones, and from parts of speech, such a 
model of the ratio of connotations and variative 
features are more typical” (Belyavskaya, 1987). 
With regard to the grammatical categories they 
express, adjectives in the languages under 
consideration 
differ 
significantly: 
Russian 
adjectives have the ability to agree with the noun 
they define in gender, number and case, while 
English and Kyrgyz adjectives agree neither in 
gender, nor in number, nor do not have in the case. 
Consider the compatibility of an adjective with a 
noun in the compared languages. 
As mentioned above, both in English and in 
Kyrgyz, the adjective does not agree with the noun, 
but only adjoins it, which shoul d be considered as 
a characteristic typological feature of this group of 
languages. A striking distinguishing feature of the 
adjective in the system of modern English is the 
complete absence of such morphological categories 
as the category of gender, number and case in this