Background of the study

Intelligence Quotient. An intelligence quotient or IQ is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities ("intelligence") in relation to their age group. (https://www.scien9
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents related literature and studies which have important bearing on this research study.
Related Literature
Foreign Setting
Dunning and Kruger (1999) flourished a phenomenon named after them – the Dunning-Kruger Effect. According to the authors, “the effect occurs when people fail to adequately assess their level of competence — or specifically, their incompetence — at a task and thus consider themselves much more competent than everyone else. This lack of awareness is attributed to their lower level of competence robbing them of the ability to critically analyze their performance, leading to a significant overestimate of themselves.”