Tor guideline Flora and fauna
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Flora and fauna Terrestrial ecology information guideline The level of detail required for an assessment of terrestrial ecological values should be proportionate to the risk of the proposal and sufficient to provide certainty and understanding of the ecological values of the site and the risks associated with a project. More specifically, an assessment of terrestrial ecological values should describe:
Matters of national environmental significance are not specifically covered in this section – you should also refer to the separate chapter on MNES to ensure that the relevant terrestrial ecological aspects are addressed for Commonwealth matters. Legislative basis The Queensland legislation that is most relevant to terrestrial ecological assessments is outlined below. Nature Conservation Act 1992 The Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) is the principal legislation that provides for the protection of native flora and fauna (protected wildlife). The NC Act is administered by the Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing and EHP. The NC Act classifies native wildlife (flora and fauna) into different categories of conservation significance in recognition of how threatened they are and what action needs to be taken to protect them. Appropriate authorisations or permits under the NC Act are required prior to clearing of listed threatened plant species, interfering with an animal breeding place, or removing protected animals unless the activity is exempt. Information on licences and permits required under Queensland legislation is available from the website: https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/index.html.
The Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VM Act) is administered by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines. The VM Act, in conjunction with the Sustainable Planning Act 2009 (SP Act), regulates the clearing of woody native vegetation in Queensland unless the clearing is made exempt from the approval requirements under the SP Act. The VM Act’s objectives include conservation of remnant regional ecosystems, prevention of the loss of biodiversity, maintenance of ecological processes, and conservation of vegetation in areas of high nature conservation value or lands vulnerable to land degradation. The regulatory provisions of the VM Act do not apply to regulated mining or petroleum activities, but it is relevant to the flora and fauna assessment to the extent that it provides for classification of regional ecosystems as endangered, vulnerable, or least concern. The VM Act classes are used for determining offset requirements for significant residual impacts to regional ecosystems under provisions of the Environmental Offsets Act 2014. Information on the Queensland government vegetation management framework is available from the website: https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/management/. Sustainable Planning Act 2009 The Sustainable Planning Act 2009 (SP Act) regulates development in Queensland that is made assessable under the Sustainable Planning Regulation 2009 (SP Regulation) or the local government planning scheme, and is administered by the Department of State Development Infrastructure and Planning. Development within a mining or petroleum lease (or other resource tenure as stated in the SP Regulation) is exempt from provisions of the SP Act unless it is not associated with the mining or petroleum activity. Information on local government planning scheme requirements relevant to the ecological assessment (off-lease) should be obtained from the local government website. Information on state government requirements is available from the state assessment and referral agency website: http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/development-applications/state-assessment-and-referral-agency.html. Environmental Protection Act 1994 The Environmental Protection Act 1994 (EP Act) regulates environmentally relevant activities (ERAs) as defined by the Environmental Protection Regulation 2008 (EP Regulation), and mining and petroleum activities. The object of the EP Act is to protect the environment while allowing for ecologically sustainable development. Proposed ERAs must be assessed against the standard criteria as defined by the EP Act and other requirements defined in the EP Regulation. A condition of approval may require an environmental offset in accordance with provisions of the Environmental Offsets Act 2014. The biodiversity status of a regional ecosystem, as defined by the regional ecosystem description database (REDD) is used to define categories B and C of environmentally sensitive areas. Those categories are relevant to the conditions of an environmental authority issued under the EP Act for a resource activity. The vegetation management class as defined by the Vegetation Management Regulation 2012 is relevant to determining offset requirements. Further information is available at: http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/ecosystems/ Environmental Offsets Act 2014 The Environmental Offsets Act 2014, Environmental Offsets Regulation 2014, and associated Queensland environmental offsets policy and guidelines, provide a framework for defining the offset obligations established in a condition of approval requiring an offset under relevant legislation (e.g. EP Act, SP Act, NC Act). Further information on the Queensland environmental offsets framework is available at: http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/management/offsets/
The Lands Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 (LP Act) provides a framework for the control of declared pests. The LP Act operates in conjunction with the Plant Protection Act 1989, which provides for the control and eradication of pest plants, invertebrate animals, fungi, viruses and diseases that are harmful to crop plants in Queensland. Both acts are administered by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF). These acts also provide local governments with the legal instrument they need to enforce the management of high-priority weeds and pest animals. The LP Act requires landowners to take reasonable measures to keep their land free of declared plants and animals. The LP Act defines three classes of declared pest plants and animals. Schedule 2 of the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Regulation 2003 lists the pest species declared in each class:
Further information is available at: http://www.business.qld.gov.au/industry/agriculture/land-management/health-pests-weeds-diseases http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/biosecurity
Terrestrial ecological values include vegetation communities, biodiversity, native flora, and native fauna species and their habitats. These values also include sites or features important to ecosystem function and the viability of populations of native species (e.g. wildlife corridors). In Queensland, terrestrial ecological values that are formally recognised by relevant legislation, policies, plans and guidelines include:
How to identify terrestrial ecological values in the survey area Scoping assessment requirements During the project scoping, and prior to submitting a draft TOR, it is in the proponent’s interest to obtain preliminary (pre-survey) information on existing terrestrial ecological values in the area potentially impacted by the project in order to:
Such a preliminary assessment might involve, but need not be limited to:
Selecting suitably qualified persons The appropriate scope of the ecological assessment should be established in the context of the TOR, required approvals and preliminary risk assessments. The particular issues and complexity involved should guide decisions on the level of capability and resourcing needed. Ecological field surveys and assessments must be undertaken by experienced and suitably qualified persons who ideally have relevant knowledge of the survey area. Suitable experience and qualifications include, but are not limited to:
Desktop assessment The initial step to identifying existing terrestrial ecological values is to undertake database searches, mapping analysis and literature review of ecological values potentially occurring in the survey area. Database searches should include the proposed project area and surrounding area, and any areas that may or are likely to be impacted by the project; for example, springs remote to the project site that may be affected by drawdown in groundwater due to the project. The spatial extent of the search would be informed by the location of the project area, the intensity and scope of previous ecological surveys in the area, and the nature and extent of potential impacts of the proposed project. For example, projects proposed to be located in areas where few previous ecological field surveys have been undertaken should consider a larger search radius in order to capture migratory, rare, threatened or cryptic species associated with the predicted ecological communities (e.g. ≥50 kilometres outside the project area). In areas where copious species records exist, a smaller radius (e.g. 10 kilometres outside the project area) may be sufficient. For projects with potential downstream impacts on waterways, estuarine and marine environments and their associated ecosystems, the search must include these areas downstream. The desktop assessment should be sufficient to ascertain the potential significance of the population of a species within the area potentially impacted by the project relative to its whole known population(s) and distribution. Additionally, the desktop assessment should determine the habitat requirements for each ecological value and the key threats to its existence. The assessment of the likelihood that species and communities are present in the survey area should be based on an assessment of:
The habitat requirements of listed threatened species can be determined by literature reviews and from previous survey data detailing the habitat in which the threatened species were recorded. Recovery plans and threatened species profiles also contain useful information regarding habitat requirements and key threats for a species. Aerial photography, vegetation mapping (e.g. regional ecosystem mapping), and in the case of large scale projects, remote sensing technology (such as LiDAR), may assist identification of potential habitat. If a threatened species that could potentially occur within the survey area is not found during field surveys then the desktop potential habitat assessment in conjunction with survey data could be used to estimate the likelihood of this species occurring at the site. The desktop assessment should also be used to identify the most effective timing (seasonality) and duration of the survey work (refer to section “When to conduct surveys” for more information). Identifying gaps in the knowledge of biodiversity distribution Desktop searches should be used to identify gaps in the knowledge of the distribution of biodiversity, especially in areas where detailed studies have not been undertaken or the data is not available. In these instances the search radius should be widened or the search should be broadened to include similar ecosystems and/or species. These gaps should be clearly stated in the report to allow the department to consider the adequacy of the assessment in the context of existing knowledge. Pre-survey meeting It is highly recommended that the department is consulted prior to field surveys in order to discuss:
A pre-survey meeting also provides the department with the opportunity to raise any aspects considered important about the project or potentially impacted ecological values which would need to be addressed or considered by the proponent. It should be noted that pre-survey consultation, while useful in obtaining advice, does not guarantee that the survey strategy ultimately applied is adequate for the particular site and project. It is the proponent’s responsibility to demonstrate, in the EIS, that the survey strategy used was appropriate. General field survey requirements Defining the survey area and survey effort The survey should encompass the entire project area and any potentially impacted surrounding area. Information gathered during the desktop study should be used to refine the size of the survey area and the field survey methodology in order to target potentially occurring species, habitat and vegetation communities during surveys. In projects with potential impacts outside the project area (e.g. downstream of the project area), or where more information on the occurrence of species or communities outside the project area is required, or where non-impacted reference sites are required, the survey area may need to be extended outside the project area. The field survey area should be clearly defined by maps and supported by a detailed justification on survey method and effort. The sites and traverses should be distributed in a manner that samples as much of the environmental variability across the landscape as possible, consistent with assessment requirements identified in the planning stage. Survey efforts should target representative flora and fauna habitats, vegetation communities and regional ecosystems throughout the defined area of potential impact of the project, with sampling generally proportional to the total area of each vegetation type. Identifying potential constraints Planning for field surveys should identify potential constraints before finalising sampling design and commencing surveys. Many constraints, particularly those that limit the intensity or spatial extent of field sampling, may restrict the level of analysis that is possible for survey data. Survey constraints or inadequate survey effort may result in a lack of adequate identification of ecological values and a subsequent directive for further survey work to meet assessment requirements. Where survey constraints are unavoidable, the limitations must be acknowledged and justification must be provided to show how, notwithstanding the constraints, that the survey strategy (desktop and field) would be adequate to identify with an appropriate level of certainty, the values potentially impacted. Where detailed surveys are not undertaken, threatened species and communities that are likely to occur in the survey area (based on the presence of suitable habitat) should be assumed to occur in the identified habitat. Further detailed information on recommended survey methodologies can be obtained from the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Survey Guidelines for Queensland (Eyre et al. 2012) and the Flora Survey Guidelines - Protected Plants (EHP 2014).
Both dry season and wet season surveys should be conducted to improve the accuracy in data collected, and to cover peaks in vertebrate activity associated with the commencement of breeding and dispersal or migration of many species. Flora surveys are best carried out during flowering and/or after the wet season. However, the optimal time of year to undertake biodiversity surveys will vary across taxa and ecosystems and this should be taken into account in designing the survey strategy. The most appropriate time(s) of the year to undertake field surveys should be determined from the desktop surveys of the ecosystems and relevant species for the project area. Surveys designed to detect the presence or absence of species should be undertaken when there is the highest possible chance of detecting threatened, migratory and vagrant species and the report must include a justification for the timing of the surveys. For further information general guidance on the optimal times of year and conditions for vertebrate fauna surveys in Queensland is provided in the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Survey Guidelines for Queensland (Eyre et al. 2012). Where project timeframes are constrained, such that the flora or fauna surveys cannot be undertaken at optimal times, intensity and frequency, the reasons must be stated and justification of the adequacy of the survey effort provided. This should include limitation statements about the effect of the limited survey on the likelihood of occurrence of species that may be present. Departmental advice on the appropriate timing, intensity and frequency of field surveys is recommended. Identification of suitable survey locations, equipment and personnel Following desktop studies, reconnaissance investigations can be used to identify the flora and fauna habitats, and listed threatened species and communities, that may occur in the survey area. Field investigations can be planned to systematically survey the area and fill in any information gaps identified from the preliminary investigations. Surveys typically need to be adequate to identify a wide range of ecological communities, species and species habitats. However, targeted field surveys are also often necessary to determine the likelihood of occurrence of specific listed threatened species and communities (based on available habitat) and to inform assessment of how the proposed project could impact on them. Links to guidance material on sampling design and effort for flora, fauna, habitat condition, aquatic ecology and regional ecosystem mapping are provided in the reference section at the end of this chapter. Personnel with specific expertise may be needed in the survey team depending on the complexity of field surveys required. For example, where an endangered species is likely to occur, a specialist (e.g. herpetologist; bat specialist) should be engaged or consulted in order to enable an adequate assessment and efficiently. Appropriate equipment should be used to target listed threatened fauna species. This is especially important for a taxon where call analysis and/or trapping alone will not determine the species, but only the genus. In these cases, targeted field surveys must use all available field methodologies (e.g. call analysis and trapping). Any limitations of survey methods used for a species must be explained in the report. Site access and permits Prior to conducting field surveys, access to the proposed sites must be obtained. This could include permission from landholders, Indigenous owners and/or land managers. Gaining land access to important survey sites is a paramount consideration as omitting areas may lead to insufficient data for the EIS. Research permits and ethics approvals may be required depending on where the surveys would be conducted. These permits and approvals must be obtained before field surveys are conducted. Proponents should be aware that disclosure of results to the department is a statutory condition of the issuing of a scientific purposes licence: http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/return_of_operations.html Site verification Information gathered during the desktop searches may not accurately reflect current on-ground values. A reconnaissance visit to the area of interest is recommended because of the following factors:
Field surveys may need to be postponed or field sites relocated to attain better representation of habitats in order to more accurately assess the ecological values during field surveys. Surveys The survey methods and effort used to determine the ecological values for the project should be detailed in the EIS. It is important that the survey methods used and effort applied are justified, especially if they are different to that recommended by relevant guidelines. Flora species survey methodology Neldner et al. 2012 and EHP’s Flora Survey Guidelines (2014) https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/documents/flora-survey-guidelines.pdf provide information on the required flora survey methodology. Generally, the timed meander survey method is the preferred approach for the location of vascular plants within a survey area. It is expected that the majority of plant species encountered would be identified during the search. When a listed threatened plant species has been recorded during a flora survey, the population extent and density should then be determined as this is needed to quantify the potential impact. The total number of plants comprising the population must be recorded where possible. If the population is too dense or dispersed for this to be practical, the density of the overall population should be estimated by counting the number of plants within a quadrat. A plot based assessment is required to determine the species abundance, distribution and habitat associations, as well as to inform management measures. If a plant cannot be identified to the species level, it should be lodged with the Queensland Herbarium for formal identification. Specimen collection and vouchering should be done in accordance with Queensland Herbarium procedures. Fauna species survey methodology The use of multiple survey techniques is regarded as the most useful and cost-effective approach to the detection of the diversity of fauna species. A description of suitable fauna sampling techniques can be found in the Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Survey Guidelines for Queensland (Eyre et al. 2012) and will not be duplicated here. For information on survey effort for vertebrate fauna refer to the guideline on Vertebrate Survey Effort across Queensland (Smith 2013). As a minimum, fauna surveys should include:
Fauna assessment based on habitat assessment alone is not advised. In areas where no fauna surveys were carried out, listed threatened fauna species that are likely to occur (based on the presence of suitable habitat and recent records) should be assumed to occur in the identified habitat. However, the probable absence or low likelihood of occurrence of a listed threatened fauna species must be determined on the balance of evidence of historical records, known distribution and habitat, and the scope, effort and results of surveys. Vegetation community mapping Mapping of regional ecosystems based on adequate field surveys is essential both to identify ecosystem/community values and to provide a sound basis for identifying potential habitat for threatened species. Field surveys to confirm Queensland Herbarium regional ecosystem mapping invariably identifies apparent errors in the regional mapping that are significant for the quantification of actual ecological values. These discrepancies are generally a result of the different scale of the mapping (i.e. 1:10 000 for project surveys compared with 1:100 000 for the Queensland Herbarium mapping). If field survey of the distribution of regional ecosystems differs from the latest available Queensland Herbarium mapping (VM Act certified vegetation management mapping is only relevant to off-lease clearing), either due to delineation of different regional ecosystems within heterogeneous polygons or apparent error in the mapping and changes to the Herbarium mapping is proposed, then the proposed changes must be supported by the appropriate site-level information as detailed in the survey and mapping methodology (Neldner et al. 2012). That data must be made available to the department and the Queensland Herbarium and must include spatial datasets of site locations and proposed new regional ecosystem polygons, site data sheets and site photographs. The EIS does not need to include that level of information however a decision about changes to the mapping will be made separately to the EIS process.
The condition of a vegetation community (which may also be habitat for a listed threatened species) needs to be defined in terms of how well it functions for the maintenance of the biodiversity values it supports. The condition assessment may be important in mapping of regional ecosystems, threatened ecological communities, and potential threatened species habitat. In Queensland, the BioCondition vegetation assessment framework has been developed to provide a measure of terrestrial ecosystem condition (Eyre et al. 2011a). It is the recommended rapid assessment method for habitat condition assessment due to its site-based approach that provides a quantitative score along a continuum of ‘functional’ through to ‘dysfunctional’ condition for biodiversity. Additionally, the Guide to Determining Terrestrial Habitat Quality (EHP, 2015; based on BioCondition) provides proponents with a methodology to measure the habitat quality of an impact area for comparison with habitat quality of a land based offset site, in accordance with the Queensland Environmental Offset Policy. The habitat quality is determined by assessing three key indicators: site condition (a general condition assessment of vegetation compared to a benchmark), site context (an analysis of the site in relation to the surrounding environment) and the species habitat index (the ability of the site to support a species). It also aligns with the Australian Government’s measure of habitat condition under the EPBC Act environmental offsets policy (Department of the Environment, 2013).
Invasive species could reduce overall species abundance and diversity. Surveys therefore need to record the presence of weed and pest animal species in order to quantify the condition of an ecosystem, the existing threats and the risk of potential exacerbation of these threats to the identified terrestrial ecological values. Refer to DAFF’s guide to address issues related biosecurity https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/daff-environmental-impact-assessment-companion-guide. Stygofauna Stygofauna assessment guidance is available through the Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts (DSITIA) Guideline for the Environmental Assessment of Subterranean Aquatic Fauna. Data management Appropriate data management is essential for any field surveys as data must be suitable for post survey assessment. Essential data requirements (such as location description, coordinates, survey effort, habitat assessment, taxon name, etc.) and suitable datasheets can be found and downloaded from the Queensland Government’s web sites (refer to the reference section below). Collection of data using methods compatible with the Queensland Government’s large databases, such as the Queensland Herbarium’s ‘CORVEG’ or EHP’s ‘Wildlife Online’ will facilitate comparison of data. Investigators are encouraged to use standard data sheets and methods, or an adaptation of them (see reference section below for useful government links). Spatial data must be recorded using the geographical coordinate system latitude and longitude (expressed in decimal degrees) based on the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94). Occurrences of terrestrial ecological values in the survey area The EIS should present a comprehensive description of the ecological values within the area potentially impacted by the project. This description should be based on the desktop assessment, vegetation surveys, flora and fauna species surveys, and the assessment of the condition of the vegetation communities and species habitats. The known or likely occurrence of terrestrial ecological values within the survey area provides the basis for assessing opportunities for the proponent to avoid, minimise and mitigate the impacts to these values. Terrestrial ecological values that were identified as potentially occurring in the survey area, but were not located by surveys, require a determination as to whether the values are likely to be present either permanently, seasonally or intermittently. The decision as to whether the ecological value is present or not, must be justified and the estimated extent of occurrence must be described and mapped.
For all stages of the project (construction, operation and decommissioning), the potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts must be described, preferably quantitatively, for each terrestrial ecological value likely to be present. The significance of the potential impacts in terms of severity, period of impact (short and long term), and implications for conservation of each terrestrial ecological value should be established and the methodology used to estimate the significance of impact should be detailed. Avoidance and mitigation measures Potential impacts on terrestrial ecological values should be avoided where practicable; for example, the relocation of infrastructure to cleared areas or areas containing no or little ecological values. Where avoidance is not practicable, mitigation and/or management actions must be developed which minimise impacts on a particular ecological value. The EIS must describe all mitigation measures or management actions proposed to avoid or minimise potential impacts. The nature and extent of these measures should be relevant to the value, the extent of impact, the risks associated with the impact and the likelihood of the mitigation and management actions being effective. Mitigation and management measures should be informed by statutory or policy requirements and best available practices, and must be practicable to implement and sufficiently detailed to allow critical review and third party monitoring of compliance. Mitigation measures should be proportional to the potential scale and intensity of the impacts and, where relevant, should be consistent with priority actions as outlined in conservation advice and/or recovery plans for threatened species listed under the EPBC Act (as many of these species are also listed as threatened under the NC Act). The predicted outcomes, in terms of extent and condition of retained values, should be stated and information should be provided on how the actual outcomes would be monitored and audited. Cumulative impacts Cumulative impacts arise when various developments or activities that may have limited effects in isolation, have a greater impact collectively. Cumulative impacts on MSES must be assessed where they result from the incremental impact of an activity when it is added to the past, present and reasonably foreseeable future activities. The impacts on MSES resulting from the proposed project and existing and reasonably foreseeable future activities must be assessed and quantified at a temporal and spatial (local, subregional and bioregional) scale relevant to the affected matters and the project. The cumulative impact of the project in conjunction with other projects must be considered when assessing whether an offset for the significant residual impacts of the proposed project could achieve a conservation outcome (as defined by the Environmental Offsets Act 2014).
Before offsets are considered, the EIS must demonstrate that all efforts have been made to avoid and minimise impacts on MSES. Despite all efforts to avoid and minimise impacts, a proposed project may result in significant residual impacts to MSES. The reasons why significant residual impacts cannot feasibly be further reduced must be detailed. The potential significant residual impacts to each MSES over the life of the project, after all the proposed avoidance and mitigation measures are undertaken, must be quantified in terms of total loss and/or loss of population, habitat or ecological function. The significance of residual impacts to each MSES must be determined with reference to the relevant Significant Residual Impact Guidelines (EHP 2015). Where the project, or the provision of offsets, is proposed to be staged, the significant residual impact to MSES should be quantified for each defined stage.
If a significant residual impact has been identified for any MSES, then an offset strategy must be presented in the EIS. Where MSES are also MNES under the EPBC Act, the proponent should ascertain which matter would be subject to a Commonwealth requirement for an offset. All remaining significant residual impacts on MSES will require offsets through a condition of an approval for a prescribed activity (as defined by the Environmental Offsets Act 2014). The offset strategy must demonstrate that the significant residual impact on each MSES from the project can be offset to achieve an appropriate conservation outcome, having regard to potential cumulative impacts, existing threats, and the bioregional extent of the MSES. The strategy should clearly quantify the likely impact on each MSES for the life of the project, and for each stage if offsets are proposed to be delivered in a staged manner. The offset strategy should indicate if the proponent intends to offset through land-based, direct benefit management plan or financial settlement; or a combination of these. The more developed an offset strategy is, the more confident the department can be that the project will not result in a long-term decline in the conservation trajectory of each MSES. Reporting requirements Provide sub-consultants reports as appendices, with all field survey data, and provide the assessment of the likely impacts in the main EIS document. The EIS chapters should provide a holistic assessment of ecological matters bringing together not only the technical information from field surveys, but also other relevant information from other parts of the EIS, such as information about impacts on water resources. In that way, the assessment would not only address direct impacts from land clearing, but also indirect impacts, such as impacts on groundwater dependent ecosystems that might result from the lowering of the groundwater table (refer to separate EIS guideline on groundwater dependent ecosystems). EHP will need a high level of certainty and understanding of the ecological values and the level of risk posed by the project to these identified values. Propose mitigation measures in the EIS chapters, assess the likely measure of their success, and estimate the likely magnitude of any residual impacts. The description of mitigation measures should describe their intended outcome in terms that could be measured and audited. That will help the development of outcome based conditions. The technical reports in the appendices need not duplicate the assessment provided in the main body of the EIS. However, the appendices should provide all the field data, modelling methods and assumptions, and any other technical data that was used to develop the assessment, so that the findings may be cross checked if needed. The assessment in the EIS should be consistent with the technical reports. If any technical data is omitted from consideration in the assessment, or conclusions do not follow logically from it, the reasons should be explained in the EIS. The structure and content of the EIS chapter on terrestrial ecology should follow the recommended format of:
References and useful guidelines – flora and fauna Note: Where available hyperlinks are provided for each reference. However, these links may change without notice. In the case where the hyperlink is broken, please search for the document name in a search engine. Eyre, T.J., Kelly, A.L., and Neldner, V.J. (2011a). Method for the establishment and survey of reference sites for BioCondition, Version 2. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Biodiversity and Ecological Sciences, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/biodiversity/reference-sites-biocondition.pdf Eyre, T.J., Kelly, A.L, Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B.A., Ferguson, D.J., Laidlaw, M.J. and Franks, A.J. (2011b). BioCondition: A Condition Assessment Framework for Terrestrial Biodiversity in Queensland. Assessment Manual. Version 2.1. Department of Environment and Resource Management, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Sciences, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://enviro-dynamics.com.au/files/additional-resources/biocondition_manual.pdf Eyre T.J., Ferguson D.J., Hourigan C.L., Smith G.C., Mathieson M.T., Kelly, A.L., Venz M.F. and Hogan, L.D. (2012). Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Survey Assessment Guidelines for Queensland, August 2013. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/vertebrate-survey/ Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B. A., Thompson, E.J. and Dillewaard, H.A. (2012). Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.2. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/herbarium/herbarium-mapping-methodology.pdf EHP (2014). Application forms. General link to download a variety of permits and licences, such as the scientific research and educational purposes permit or clearing permits. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/application_forms.html EHP (2014). Flora Survey Guidelines - Protected Plants, Nature Conservation Act 1992. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/documents/flora-survey-guidelines.pdf EHP (2014). Queensland environmental offsets policy, version 1. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/pollution/management/offsets/offsets-policy.pdf EHP (2014). Wildlife Online. Wildlife Online is an application that allows finding species lists for protected areas (e.g. national parks, conservation areas), forestry areas (state forests and timber reserves) and local government areas. Wildlife Online accesses data from the WildNet database. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/species-list/ EHP (2014). Regional ecosystems. Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/ecosystems/biodiversity/re_introduction.html EHP (2014). Guide to Determining Terrestrial Habitat Quality. A toolkit for assessing land based offsets under the Queensland Environmental Offsets Policy, Version 1.1. Available from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/pollution/management/offsets/habitat-quality-assessment-guide.pdf EHP (2015). Significant Impact Guideline – offsets act (in prep.) DSDIP (2014). State planning policy, July 2014. Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Queensland Government. Available from http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/resources/policy/state-planning/state-planning-policy-jul-2014.pdf DSDIP (2014). State planning policy –state interest guideline biodiversity, August 2014. Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/resources/guideline/spp/spp-state-interest-guideline-biodiversity.pdf DSDIP (2014). State planning policy guidance material. Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/about-planning/state-planning-policy-guidance-material.html Queensland Government (2014). BioCondition. A vegetation condition assessment tool to provide a measure of how well a terrestrial ecosystem is functioning for the maintenance of biodiversity values at a local or property scale. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/biocondition/ Queensland Government (2014). BioCondition benchmarks. Benchmarks are quantitative values derived from reference sites for each condition attribute assessed in BioCondition, and are used as a reference value for comparison purposes. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/benchmarks/ Queensland Government (2014). BioCondition datasheets. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/biodiversity/biocondition-datasheet.pdf Queensland Government (2014). BioCondition reference sites datasheets. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/biodiversity/biocondition-ref-datasheet.pdf Queensland Government (2014). Biodiversity. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/ Queensland Government (2014). Biodiversity planning assessments. A biodiversity planning assessment (BPA) identifies the terrestrial ecological values in a region, or bioregion, according to their conservation significance. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/planning/ Queensland Government (2014). Environmental offsets. New environmental offsets framework, including the Act, regulation, policy and guidelines. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/management/offsets/ Queensland Government (2014). Request a map of biodiversity status or broad vegetation group. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/map-request/re-broad-veg-group/ Queensland Government (2014). Targeted species survey guidelines for selected species. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/biodiversity/vertebrate-survey/#targeted_species_survey_guidelines Queensland Government (2014). Wildlife permits and regulations. Information on the legislative requirements of licensing in Queensland. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/wildlife-permits/ and from http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/plants-animals/index.html Queensland Government Data (2014). A geodatabase of modelled potential habitat shapefiles for selected threatened species in Queensland. Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/modelled-potential-habitat-for-selected-threatened-species-in-queensland Queensland Herbarium (August 2012). Regional ecosystem map assessment kit. Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/ Sattler, P.S & Williams, R.D. (1999). The conservation status of Queensland’s bioregional ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Smith, G.C. (2013). Vertebrate survey effort across Queensland. Queensland Herbarium, Science Delivery Division. Brisbane: Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, Queensland Government, Brisbane. Available from https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/assets/documents/plants-animals/biodiversity/vertebrate-survey-effort.pdf Useful Commonwealth references Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2013). EPBC Act Policy Statement. Matters of national environmental significance significant impact guidelines 1.1. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/42f84df4-720b-4dcf-b262-48679a3aba58/files/nes-guidelines_1.pdf Department of the Environment (2013). EPBC Act environmental offsets policy. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications/epbc-act-environmental-offsets-policy Department of the Environment (2014). EPBC Act publications. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/publications Department of the Environment (2014). Protected matters search tool. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/about-us/legislation/environment-protection-and-biodiversity-conservation-act-1999/protected Department of the Environment (2014). Threatened species and ecological communities publications. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications Department of the Environment (2014). Recovery plans. Australian Government. Available from http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/recovery-plans Department of the Environment (2014). Species of national environmental significance database (SNES). The Australian Government has released more than 1700 new maps and datasets of SNES. The maps show known and predicted distribution of listed species, including areas of potential habitat. Australian Government. Available from https://www.environment.gov.au/science/erin/databases-maps/snes Yüklə 77,52 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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