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Challenge
Description
Technical Obsolescence	Digital materials are vulnerable to obsolescence, technical failure, and data loss. Therefore, it is crucial to develop long-term preservation strategies and standards to ensure that digitized materials are accessible and usable in the future.
Intellectual Property and Copyright	Many cultural institutions hold collections that are subject to copyright restrictions. The legal and moral implications of digitization can be complex, including how to reconcile the rights of copyright holders with public access to cultural assets.
Cost and Resources	Digitization can be a time-consuming and expensive process, requiring specialized equipment, expertise, and funding. This can be a significant barrier for smaller institutions with limited resources.
Lack of Standards	There is a lack of standardization in the digitization process, which can lead to inconsistencies in quality and accessibility. The uniformity and quality of digital assets can be ensured by creating standards and guidelines for the digitization and preservation of cultural heritage.
Cybersecurity	Digital cultural heritage is vulnerable to cyber attacks, which can compromise the authenticity and integrity of digital materials. Developing cybersecurity protocols and ensuring the security of digital infrastructure is crucial for protecting digital cultural heritage.

Table 1 lists the policies and initiatives that the EU has developed for the protection of digital cultural heritage¹⁹⁶.This table illustrates some of the important policies and initiatives that the EU has adopted to accomplish this goal. The EU has been at the forefront of promoting and supporting the digitalization of cultural assets in Europe and beyond. These policies, which support the digitization and accessibility of cultural heritage artifacts and seek to establish a single market for digital products and services in Europe, include the Digital Single Market Strategy and the European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st Century¹⁹⁷.
Table 2 lists the benefits of digitization for cultural heritage. Digitization has several benefits, including preservation, access, research, outreach, and education. The benefits are briefly described in the table, highlighting the importance of digital cultural heritage for upcoming generations. By digitizing cultural heritage, institutions can help to preserve important cultural artifacts, while making them accessible to a wider audience and enabling researchers to analyze them more easily¹⁹⁸.
The difficulties in protecting digital cultural assets are listed in Table 3. Digitization presents several challenges, such as technical obsolescence, intellectual property and copyright, cost and resources, lack of standards, and cybersecurity¹⁹⁹.Each difficulty is briefly described in the table, which emphasizes how crucial it is to deal with them in order to conserve digital cultural heritage. To assure the uniformity and quality of digital artifacts, for instance, long-term preservation strategies, copyright legal and ethical challenges, and digitalization standards development can all be helpful. Overall, these tables give a general overview of the international and European experience in protecting digital cultural heritage, including developed policies and initiatives, the advantages of digitization for cultural heritage, and the difficulties that institutions face when digitizing cultural heritage²⁰⁰. By understanding these issues, policymakers and cultural institutions can develop strategies to protect and preserve cultural heritage in digital form, ensuring that it is accessible and available for future generations.