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HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
Student: Supervisor:
Guliyev Najaf teach. S.T.Imanova
I year, group 404.7
Cosmos is waiting for us. Mankind always dreamed of
overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. I would like
to tell us about space exploration especially about Hubble
space telescope. For a very long period of time people have
been dreaming of visiting other planets and exploring the open
space. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to
become reality.
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope was launched April 24,
1990, on the space shuttle Discovery from Kennedy Space
Center in Florida.
Edwin Hubble
The Hubble Space Telescope is named in honor of
astronomer Edwin Hubble.
In the centuries that followed, telescopes grew in size and
complexity and, of course, power.
Hubble's launch and deployment in April 1990 marked
the most significant advance in astronomy since Galileo's
telescope. Thanks to four servicing missions and more than 25
years of operation, our view of the universe and our place
within it has never been the same.
Hubble has made more than 1.3 million observations
since its mission began in 1990.
Hubble has traveled more than 4 billion miles along a
circular low Earth orbit currently about 340 miles in altitude.
Hubble has no thrusters. To change pointing angles, it
uses Newton’s third law by spinning its wheels in the opposite
direction. It turns at about the speed of a minute hand on a
clock, taking 15 minutes to turn 90 degrees.
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Hubble weighed about 24,000 pounds at launch and
currently weighs about 27,000 pounds following the final
servicing mission in 2009 – on the order of two full-grown
African elephants.
Hubble is 13.3 meters (43.5 feet) long -- the length of a
large school bus.
To sum up, I would like to say that space exploration has
great importance today, which means the cost of any mistake
may be very high. Like any other kind of human activity it has
some advantages and drawbacks. In spite of this, we should not
stop its development. And as Sergey Korolev said,
"Astronautics has limitless future, and its prospects are infinite
as the Universe itself.”
NIKOLA TESLA
Student: Supervisor:
Guliyev Khagan sen.teach. S.S.Gaibova
I year, group 531.7
Nikola Tesla was born in 1856.He was the son of a
Serbian Orthodox clergyman. Tesla studied engineering at the
Austrian Polytechnic School. He worked as an electrical
engineer
in
Budapest.
In
1881,
Tesla
moved
to
Budapest
,
Hungary
, to work under Tivadar Puskás at
a
telegraph
company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange.
Upon arrival, Tesla realized that the company, then under
construction, was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman
in the Central Telegraph Office instead. Within a few months,
the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional, and
Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position. During his
employment, Tesla made many improvements to the Central
Station equipment and claimed to have perfected a
telephone
repeater
or
amplifier
, which was never patented nor
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publicly described. Later he emigrated to the United States in
1884. He began working almost immediately at the Machine
Works on
Manhattan
's
Lower East Side
, an overcrowded shop
with a workforce of several hundred machinists, laborers,
managing staff, and 20 "field engineers" struggling with the
task of building the large electric utility in that city. As in
Paris, Tesla was working on troubleshooting installations and
improving generators. Tesla had been working at the Machine
Works for a total of six months when he quit. December 7,
1884 to January 4, 1885 saying "Good by to the Edison
Machine Works".
In late 1886, Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a
Western
Union
superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck.
The two men were experienced in setting up companies and
promoting inventions and patents for financial gain. Based on
Tesla's new ideas for electrical equipment, including a
thermo-
magnetic motor
idea,they agreed to back the inventor
financially and handle his patents. Together they formed the
Tesla Electric Company in April 1887.They set up a laboratory
for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan, where he worked
on improving and developing new types of electric motors,
generators, and other devices. In 1887, Tesla developed
an
induction motor
that ran on alternating current, a power
system format that was rapidly expanding in Europe and the
United States because of its advantages in long-distance,
high-
voltage
transmission. The motor used
polyphasecurrent
, which
generated a
rotating magnetic field
to turn the motor. This
innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888, was a simple
self-starting design that did not need a
commutator
, thus
avoiding sparking and the high maintenance of constantly
servicing and replacing mechanical brushes.
From the 1890s through 1906, Tesla spent a great deal of
his time and fortune on a series of projects trying to
develop
the transmission of electrical power without wires
. It