Macroeconomic Dynamics,
9, 2005, 683–740. Printed in the United States of America.
DOI: 10.1017.S1365100505050078
MD I
NTERVIEW
AN INTERVIEW WITH
ROBERT AUMANN
Interviewed by Sergiu Hart
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
January 2005
Who is Robert Aumann? Is he an economist or a mathematician? A rational
scientist or a deeply religious man? A deep thinker or an easygoing person?
These seemingly disparate qualities can all be found in Aumann; all are essen-
tial facets of his personality. A pure mathematician who is a renowned economist,
he has been a central figure in developing game theory and establishing its key
role in modern economics. He has shaped the field through his fundamental
and pioneering work, work that is conceptually profound, and much of it also
mathematically deep. He has greatly influenced and inspired many people: his
students, collaborators, colleagues, and anyone who has been excited by reading
his papers or listening to his talks.
Aumann promotes a unified view of rational behavior, in many different disci-
plines: chiefly economics, but also political science, biology, computer science,
and more. He has broken new ground in many areas, the most notable being per-
fect competition, repeated games, correlated equilibrium, interactive knowledge
and rationality, and coalitions and cooperation.
But Aumann is not just a theoretical scholar, closed in his ivory tower. He is
interested in real-life phenomena and issues, to which he applies insights from his
research. He is a devoutly religious man; and he is one of the founding fathers—
and a central and most active member—of the multidisciplinary Center for the
Study of Rationality at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Aumann enjoys skiing, mountain climbing, and cooking—no less than work-
ing out a complex economic question or proving a deep theorem. He is a fam-
ily man, a very warm and gracious person—of an extremely subtle and sharp
mind.
This interview catches a few glimpses of Robert Aumann’s fascinating world.
It was held in Jerusalem on three consecutive days in September 2004. I hope the
reader will learn from it and enjoy it as much as we two did.
Address correspondence to: Sergiu Hart, Center for the Study of Rationality, Department of Economics, and Depart-
ment of Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Feldman Building, Givat Ram Campus, 91904 Jerusalem,
Israel; e-mail: hart@huji.ac.il. Web page http://www.ma.huji.ac.il/hart.
c 2005 Cambridge University Press
1365-1005/05 $12.00
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INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT AUMANN
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Sergiu HART: Good morning, Professor Aumann. Well, I am not going to call
you Professor Aumann. But what should I call you—Yisrael, Bob, Johnny?
Robert AUMANN: You usually call me Yisrael, so why don’t you continue
to call me Yisrael. But there really is a problem with my given names. I have
at least three given names—Robert, John, and Yisrael. Robert and John are
my given names from birth and Yisrael is the name that I got at the circum-
cision. Many people call me Bob, which is of course short for Robert. There
was once a trivia quiz at a students’ party at the Hebrew University, and one
of the questions was, which faculty member has four given names and uses
them all? Another story connected to my names is that my wife went to get
approval of having our children included in her passport. She gave me the forms
to sign on two different occasions. On one I signed Yisrael and on one I signed
Robert. The clerk, when she gave him the forms, refused to accept them, say-
ing, “Who is this man? Are there different fathers over here? We can’t accept
this.”
H: I remember a time, when you taught at Tel Aviv University, you were filling
out a form when suddenly you stopped and phoned your wife. “Esther,” you asked,
“what’s my name in Tel Aviv?”
Let’s start with your scientific biography, namely, what were the milestones on
your scientific route?
A: I did an undergraduate degree at City College in New York in mathematics,
then on to MIT, where I did a doctorate with George Whitehead in algebraic
topology, then on to a postdoc at Princeton with an operations research group
affiliated with the math department. There I got interested in game theory. From
there I went to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where I’ve been ever since.
That’s the broad outline.
Now to fill that in a little bit. My interest in mathematics actually started in
high school—the Rabbi Jacob Joseph Yeshiva (Hebrew Day School) on the lower
east side of New York City. There was a marvelous teacher of mathematics there,
by the name of Joseph Gansler. The classes were very small; the high school had
just started operating. He used to gather the students around his desk. What really
turned me on was geometry, theorems and proofs. So all the credit belongs to Joey
Gansler.
Then I went on to City College. Actually I did a bit of soul-searching when
finishing high school, on whether to become a Talmudic scholar, or study secular
subjects at a university. For a while I did both. I used to get up in the morning
at 6:15, go to the university in uptown New York from Brooklyn—an hour and
a quarter on the subway—then study calculus for an hour, then go back to the
yeshiva on the lower east side for most of the morning, then go back up to City
College at 139th Street and study there until 10
P
.
M
., then go home and do some
homework or whatever, and then I would get up again at 6:15. I did this for one
semester, and then it became too much for me and I made the hard decision to quit
the yeshiva and study mathematics.