$-Amyloid

X
 
xenopus oocytes, 343 
xenotransplantation, 277 
xerostomia, 231 
x-rays, 201 
Y
 
yang, 277 
yeast, 259, 261, 282, 330 
yield, x, 82, 83, 137, 149, 326, 338 
yin, 277 
young adults, 64, 131, 226, 245, 312, 316 
Z
 
zinc, 100, 125 
 
 
. 

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Document Outline

• Copyright
• Contents
• Preface
• Chapter I: Aesthetic Periodontal Therapy –  Root Coverage
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Gingival Recession
  • 3. Gingival Biotypes
  • 4. Root Coverage Procedures
    • 4.1. Pedicle Soft Tissue Grafts
      • 4.1.1. Rotational Flaps
      • 4.1.2. Advanced Flaps Procedures
        • The Semilunar Flap
      • 4.1.3. Pedicle Soft Tissue Graft Procedures Combined with a Barrier Membrane
      • 4.1.4. Pedicle Soft Tissue Graft Procedures Combined with Enamel Matrix Proteins
    • 4.2. Free Soft Tissue Grafts
      • 4.2.1. Epithelialized Soft Tissue Graft
      • 4.2.2. Connective Tissue Graft
        • The “Envelope” Technique
        • The “Tunnel” Technique
  • 5. Factors Influencing the Success of Root Coverage Procedures
    • 5.1. Patient Characteristics
    • 5.2. Anatomic Features
    • 5.3. Technique Characteristics
  • References
• Chapter II: Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Features and Molecular Biological Analyses
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Periodontal Diseases in Children  and Adolescents
    • 1) Definition, Classification, and Clinical Evaluations
    • 2) Gingivitis
    • 3) Periodontitis
    • 4) Gingival Recession
    • 5) Gingival Overgrowth
    • 6) Acute Periodontitis
    • 7) Accidentally-Induced Periodontitis
    • 8) Periodontitis Associated with Systemic Diseases
    • 9) Peridontitis Associated with Anatomical Anomalies
  • 3. Molecular Biological Analyses
    • 1) Detection of Periodontal Bacteria
    • 2) Distribution of Periodontal Bacteria in Children
    • 3) Longitudinal Studies of Periodontitis-Assocated Bacteria
    • 4) Multiplicity of Species Detected
    • 5) Mother-To-Child Transmission
    • 6) Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae
    • 7) Down’s Syndrome Subjects
    • 8) Children with Developmental Disabilities
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter III: Biomechanics of Rehabilitating the Perioprosthetic Patient
  • Abstract
  • A. Prognosis and Perioprosthetics
  • B. The Reaction of Periodontal Tissues to the Developing Forces
  • C. Splinting and Perioprosthetics
  • D. Biomechanics of Cross-Arch Fixed Partial Dentures in Perioprosthetic Patient/Technical and Biological Aspect
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter IV: Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease: Past, Present and Future Challenges
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
    • Periodontal Diseases
    • Biomarkers
    • Improving on Current Diagnostic Markers
    • Biomarkers in GCF or Saliva?
    • Biomarkers Associated with Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis
    • Biomarkers of Inflammation
      • Prostaglandins
      • Neuropeptides
      • Cytokines and Chemokines
      • Calprotectin
      • Immunoglobulins
    • Biomarkers of ECM Breakdown
      • Elastase
      • Cathepsins
      • MMPs
      • Aspartate Aminotransferase
      • ECM Molecules and Metabolites
    • Biomarkers of Bone Turnover
      • Alkaline Phosphatise (ALP)
      • Osteocalcin
      • Osteopontin
      • Osteonectin
      • Pyridinoline Cross-Linked Carboxyterminal Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (ICTP)
    • Combinations of Biomarkers
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter V: Inflammatory Mediators  and Oxidative Stress in Periodontal Disease
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • 1. Periodontal Diseases and Dental Practice
  • 2. Dental Hygiene and Periodontal Disease
  • 3. Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis  of Periodontal Diseases:  Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress
  • 4. Correlation between Periodontal and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response
  • 5. Local Biomarkers and Histological Alteration in Periodontal Diseases
  • References
• Chapter VI: Tobacco: A Risk Factor  for Periodontal Disease
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Effects of Smoking on Periodontal Tissue
  • Effects of Smoking on the Subgingival Microflora
  • Effects of Smoking on Periodontal Therapy
  • Effects of Nicotine on Cells of the Periodontium
  • Effects of Nicotine on Cells of the Immune System
  • Effects of Nicotine on the Vascular Tissue
  • Cigarette Smoke Condensate (CSC)
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
• Chapter VII: A Novel Cytodiagnostic Fluorescence Assay for the Diagnosis of Periodontitis
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
    • Patients and Sampling
    • Histological Analysis
    • Cytodiagnostic Fluorescence
    • Data Analysis and Statistical Evaluation
  • Results
  • Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• Chapter VIII: The Healthy Periodontium,  the Diseased Periodontium
  • References
  • Pathogenesis of Gingival Diseases
  • Gingivitis
  • References
  • Treatment of Plaque Associated Gingivitis
  • Periodontitis
  • References
  • Chronic Periodontitis
  • Aggressive Periodontitis
  • References
  • Acute Conditions
  • Examination
  • References
  • Examining Mucogingival Conditions
  • References
  • Use of Indexes for Documenting Examination Findings
  • References
  • Radiographic Aids in Periodontal
  • Examination and Diagnosis
  • References
  • Assessing Occlusion
  • References
  • Etiology
  • References
  • References
  • Role of Risk Assessment in Periodontics
  • References
  • Risk Factors Whichare Not Modifiable  by the Patient
    • Age
  • References
  • Race/Ethnicity
  • References
  • Sex
  • Modifyable Risks for Periodontal Diseases
    • Socioeconomic Status (SES)
    • Oral Hygiene
  • References
  • Systemic Risk Factors
    • DiabetesMellitus
  • References
  • References
  • Hormonal Fluctuations in Women
  • References
  • Drug Induced
  • Hematologic Disorders
  • Immune System Disorders
  • Osteoporosis
  • References
  • Lifestyle Choices as Risk Factors
    • Smoking and Tobacco
  • References
  • Coping with Stress
  • References
  • Surgical Therapy
    • Resective Surgery
  • References
    • Regenerative Surgery
  • References
    • Plastic Surgical Procedures
  • References
  • Dental Implant Placement
  • References
  • Long Term Maintenance
  • References
  • Imaging
  • References
• Chapter IX: Clinical Effects of 2% Chlorhexidine Gel on Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Materials and Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter X: Periodontal Disease and Systemic Diseases: Interrelationships  and Interactions
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • The Theory of Focal Infection: Historical Perspective
  • Pathogenic Mechanisms Linking Oral Infection and Systemic Diseases
  • Pathophysiologyof Periodontal Diseases
  • Periodontal Disease and Adverse  Pregnancy Outcomes
  • Periodontal Disease and Pulmonary Infections
  • Periodontal Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Periodontal Disease as a Risk Factorfor Diabetes
  • Periodontal Disease and Pancreatic Cancer
  • Periodontal Disease and Metabolic Syndrome
  • Periodontal Disease andAlzheimer Disease
  • Periodontal Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis
  • Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter XI: Obesity Revised
  • Prevalence of Obesity
  • Prevalence of Diabetes
  • Prevalence of Oral Diseases
  • References
• Chapter XII: Invasion of Host Cells  by Porphyromonas Gingivalis  in Polymicrobial Infection
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
    • Bacterial Strains and Growth Conditions
    • Cells and Culture Conditions
    • Monomicrobial Infection
    • Polymicrobial Infection
    • Inhibition of Bacterial Invasion
    • Preparation of F. Nucleatum Culture Filtrate
    • Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy
    • Data and Statistical Analyses
  • Results
    • Invasion ofHost Cells by P. Gingivalis in the Poly-Infection
    • Effect of F. Nucleatum on Invasion of Other Periodontopathogens
    • Effect of F. Nucleatum Culture Filtrate or Viabilityon P. Gingivalis Invasion
    • Inhibition of P. Gingivalis Invasion
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter XIII HMGB1: A Novel Inflammatory Mediator in Chronic Periodontitis#
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Periodontal Disease
    • Symptoms
    • Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease
    • Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disease
  • HMGB1
    • Structure
    • Function
    • HMGB1 and Systemic Disease
  • HMGB1 in Periodontitis
    • HMGB1 and Gingival Cells
    • HMGB1 and Bone Cells
  • Possible New Treatments for Periodontitis
    • Treatment of Periodontal Disease
    • Mk615, an Extract from Ume
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter XIV: Risk Factors for Chronic  Periodontal Diseases
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Host Characteristics
    • Age
    • Gender
    • Race / Ethnicity
  • Social and Behavioral Factors
    • Socioeconomic Status
    • Smoking
    • Emotional Stress
  • Systemic Factors
    • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Osteoporosis
  • Genetic Factors
    • Cytokines
    • Human Leukocyte Antigens
    • Immuno-Receptors
    • Matrix Metalloproteinases
  • Microbial Composition
    • Tooth-Level Factors
  • Multifactorial Risk Assessment Models
    • Periodontal Risk Calculator (PRC) (Page et al., 2002)
    • Periodontal Risk Assessment (PRA) (Lang & Tonetti, 2003)
    • PRA / Multifactorial Risk Diagram (Renvert &Persson, 2004)
    • Prognostic Model for Tooth Survival (Faggion et al., 2007)
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter XV: The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides  in Periodontal Disease#
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • General Information on Human Cathelicidin  and Defensin
  • Expression and Regulation of Human Cathelicidin and Defensins
  • Antimicrobial Activity
  • Immunoregulatory Effects
  • Other Biological Activities
  • Disease Implications
  • ConclusionS and Interesting Research Topics
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• Index