When Koguryo ruled East Asia
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9. 안악2호분 47 46 Ⅰ. Representative Mural Paintings Long procession of figures _ West wall of the main chamber A tall lady, presumably one of the occupants of the tomb, is standing in the middle of the procession surrounded by her attendants. On the both ends of the procession are seven other ladies with large headdresses. The lotus flowers and stems on and between the painted bracket sets show a strong Buddhist influence. Ceiling painting _ Center of the lantern ceiling of the main chamber
Anak Tomb No. 2 is distinctive in its strong Buddhist tone. A large lotus flower with five layers of petals is painted in the center of the ceiling, surrounded by lotus flowers in profile located at four corners. On the tiers of triangular supports are various forms of lotus flowers in simple and elegant design. This ceiling painting stands out for the fine composition and lotus decorations. Painted brackets _ Northwest corner of the main chamber In each corner of the main chamber is detailed depiction of bracket sets and pillars. They are intended to recreate the interior structure of wooden architecture. The pillars are topped with bracket sets, lintels and inverted V-shaped brackets. Although modeled after the earthly architecture, the pillars and bracket sets appear to be those of heavenly palaces, decorated with colorful variations of cloud patterns and lotus stems. Detail of the figures in the procession Due to the severe damages on the wall surface, the figures are hardly discernable. The female protagonist is the tall lady standing on the right with a colorful headdress. 10. Deokhwari Tomb No. 1 49 48 Ⅰ. Representative Mural Paintings Ceiling painting _ North side of the main chamber In the center of the ceiling wall, a red-colored Big Dipper is painted across the four successive tiers. Various decorative patterns and constellations are drawn around the Big Dipper. It looks like a diagram of the constellations in an astronomical chart. Black warrior and figures _ North wall of the main chamber This mythical animal is a combination of a tortoise and a snake, and symbolizes the north. The body of the snake draws two semi-circles, tying itself around the tortoise’s body three times. Both the heads of the snake and the tortoise look at each other as if to converse. Above this deity, there is a procession of figures, including a man, who is believed to be the tomb occupant, followed by his wife and children. Deokhwari Tomb No.1 Deokhwari Tomb No. 1 Late 5th century~early 6th century Deokhwa-ri, Daedong-gun, South Pyeongan Province Two tombs are located side by side at the southern foot of Mt. Bonghwa, and Deokhwari Tomb No. 1 is the one located in the west. The tomb consists of a main chamber and a corridor. The murals depicting Four Directional Deities are seen on the four walls of the chamber, and their presence is emphasized by their large size. It is noteworthy to find human figures above the black warrior, the mythical animal of the north formed by a tortoise and a snake. The ceiling, in octagonal tiers, has a depiction of the heavenly world with the sun, the moon, stars, milky way, clouds, and lotus flowers. Among them, the depiction of the constellations demonstrates Koguryo’s advanced knowledge in astronomy. 10 Elevation and Plan Lotus in Heaven _ Ceiling of the main chamber A lotus, symbolizing the heaven, is boldly represented with red clouds in the center of the octagonal ceiling. Its petals have pointed ends, and its center is filled with small seeds. In its background is depicted auspicious energy that represent vitality. The Koguryo people’s notion of heaven appears to have been influenced by Buddhist views, as the lotus flower occupied the center of the ceiling that stands for heaven.
10. 덕화리1호분 Ⅰ. 대표적 고분벽화 51 50
The stone slabs of the octagonal ceiling are covered with bold depiction of hexagonal cells. The rest of the space is filled with red clouds and constellations. The hexagonal cell in the center contains a three-legged crow in a red disk that symbolizes the sun. 52 11.덕화리2호분 53 Ⅰ. Representative Mural Paintings East side of the ceiling in the main chamber The sun is represented as a red disk with a three-legged crow inside, and is surrounded by constellations and cloud patterns. Right below the tier with the sun is depiction of a constellation that consists of two circles connected with a line. It is identified as “byeokseong” by the inscription written next to it. Deokhwari Tomb No. 2 Deokhwari Tomb No. 2 Late 5th century~early 6th century Deokhwa-ri, Daedong-gun, South Pyeongan Province Among the two tumuli at the southern foot of Mt. Bonghwa, the one on the east side is Deokhwari Tomb No. 2. Its architectural structure and murals are similar to those of Deokhwari Tomb No. 1 located next to it. It is believed that both tombs were built by the same architects and artisans at about the same time. There are murals of Four Directional Deities, human figures and their life scenes, pillars and decorative supports on the walls of the main chamber. On the ceiling, which is hexagonal in shape, are depictions of the sun, the moon, stars, clouds, and lotus flowers. Among the twenty-eight constellations, some have their names written down. They show the advanced astronomical knowledge of the Koguryo people at that time. 11 Elevation and plan West side of the ceiling in the main chamber
On the opposite side of the sun on the octagonal ceiling is the moon, represented as a white disk with a toad and a rabbit inside. It is surrounded by various constellations and cloud patterns. Moon disc with a toad and a rabbit _ Ceiling on the west side of the main chamber A rabbit and a toad appear inside the moon disc in this painting, which is different from the examples of the earlier period where only a toad was depicted. A similar representation of the moon is also shown in mural of Gaema Tomb.
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