The Topography of the Parish of St. Keverne

Beacon. See the Lesneage Charter of 967) and along the way to the
dike, then on to Mayn Bith (Mayn=Rock,Bith =?beth,grave. There is a
field on Trelyn called Benwith), to Cruc mur (='Great Barrow') Then
on to Cam wlicet and along to the brook, then on and along stream at
Tuow Waeter, again by the dike.
TREVALSO (Trevaelsereu 1293,Trevalseron 1318,1331,Trevalserowe
1529,Trevalsorrow 1684,Trevalsaw 1553),Trev als erow,'Cliff acre
town' This suits its situation.
Fields in 1690.Hallnoweth,P Vean,Ulls Vean,Tollhodge.
In 1810: Park an Drea,Vaggoe (=cave),Random Moor.
In 1840: Take all, Gullgarras,Alice vean (='little cliff),Gull
Gwidden (=white f),Landerry and Penderry,Few(17),Praze (13)/P
Pridden,Vorgo,P an Drea (3) P Noon,The Randoms.
TREVEAN near Lanarth (Trevighan 1270,Trelbichen 1280,Trevyan
1300)=Little Town.
Fields: Gweal Forth,Covey Close,? an Ventam (10),P an Skebo(7),Pan
Drain (20),P an grouse (1),P Waste, Vinocks (18),The Beanacks, Croft
Martins, Rosegless (32),P an Jane (34).
TREVEAN near Truthans (Trevean 1600).
Fields in 1767: P an grouse (1),P an Drean (20),Vinack (18),P an
Skeber (7),Chevrain (see Chyvrane),P an Venton (10), Halventon (10
and 12) .
TREVENWITH (Trefinwed 1300,Trefynweth 1333,Trevynwyth 1517,Trevenwith
1649). 'The town of the end' fynweth,RMN. The same word probably
comes into Penwith.
Fields: Castle Close, The Gew (17),P Bean
(12),Carnenpack,Roundabout,Kennack and Park Pavia.
TREVITHIAN (Trevithian 1200),Trewydian 1318,Trevithyan 1340,1504)c.f.
Mithian in St. Agnes.
Fields Clelar,The Godgen,Costlost (29),Grouse vean (1),Pervellin,P
Vounder (4),P Veen (12),P Prill,P Nowith(8) Tredinnick,The Gew (17),P
Jet,P Drea (3),Gew Pearis,Trewerwell,Croft an Crouze(l),P Potcher,
Gew Jane (34),P Pyas.
TREVOTHEN (Trewoethyn 1333,Trevoydon 1327,Trevothen 1720).
Fields: P Grouse (l),The Dinnick,Darnaby,Hallanponds (11 and 23),Park
in Lower,? Perbo,P Weal,Vounder Britain (4),Tresays Hill,P Wriggles
(32),P Peas,Lane Veathean,P Noweth (8) P Ebyer, Chedden Meadow, Pan
garrack (6),Rose Moon, Jemmy Giles garden,? in Vounder (4),P Innis
(island f).
TREWILLIS (Trewelles 1300,1318,Trewylles 1517),cf.Gwills (Gwilles) in
Gunwalloe.
Fields: Gew (17),Barten,P an Butcher,? an Drain (20),Curgear or
Curgare,? in Bean (12),? in Hoyles,Darney Bay,? Mean,? Bean (12),P in
Carne,Yarmen Peath (? Well garden).
TREWOON (Trewoone als Trenone 1650) pron.Truan= 'The town on the
Down'.
Fields: The Voben=The Ring f.,Tredinnick, P Bean (12),P
Trutcher,Trutcher Moor (probably from Vellan drukyer = Fuller's Mill.
There was a Fulling Mill close by.
In 1812 P Truckshore, Halewidden (=White Moor),Tredinnick and
Kirecullion.
TRUTHANS　or TRYTHANCE (Treyuthans 1327,Trewthans 1620,Truthans
17290).
Fields in 1767: Killicarn or Killigarney now Killygarden, P
Nage,Furzegwidden,Grambler or Grumbler (i.e.Cromlech c.f. Grumbia in
Sancreed and Wendron. These fields lie on the East side of the farm
house but no signs of a Cromlech can be seen in them now). Cam
Barges (=Kites Carn),P Mage,Morris'Holt,P an Dray (3),Venton Vor
(10),P an Greeg (29),P an Oweth (8) = New f. P Bean (12),Dryall,P
Nails =Cliff f. The Vounders (4),P an Trawn, Wheal an Drain
(20),Clumyer or Clubnier (i.e. Cotumbarium, the field next the farm
yard), Jewton, P an Crees (16).In 1810 Drall, Gual Dran, etc.
TRYTHANCE cont'd
Thythance appears as a Manor in 1620 when John Tregosse of Trewothack
held it. In 1311 his ancestor, William de Tregoed and Mabel his wife,
obtained a grant of Treinherit (error for
Treuthant),Kelter,Chienals,Kelly Tregod,etc., from Richard de
Reskymer (?her father),24 holdings in all.
These lands passed from Tregosse by successive sales to Vaughan and
Refusis. A map of the Manor of Trythance in 1767 is now at Trefusis.
VOAGE, a tenement in Arrowan (Bos 1311,Boos 1320,Voadge 1652) cf.
Poage in Zennor formerly Bos,Voze in Creed etc. This canot be the
same as Bos,'house', which being masculine, would not become Voj.
RMN.
ZOAR a nonconformist chapel on Crowza Downs -? a Scriptural name or
perhaps a corruption of Crowza pron.Crewshare.
COAST NAMES FROM GILLAN CREEK TO KENNACK SANDS.
Menabers Rock,Gulmerrow,The Nare (properly Penare),Porthbleau(=Little
Port),Polnare Cove,Snails Creep,Fletchings Cove,Nellys
Cove,Gallentreath,Porthallow,Pollawrence or Pollariance (= pol
arghans,'Silver pool'), Polgwarra, Pedn Tiere (=Lands
End),Porthkerris,Drawna Rock.MaenTalhac,Penera
Head,Levellers,Arrow,Battys Point,Porthoustock,Vervan Rocks,Maen
Chynoweth or Morah Rock,The Gunden,Carag luze (=Grey Rock),Maen
garrick,Gwinges (Rocks),Manacles Point,Mildran's Rock,Duljyvean
Rocks,Giants Quoits(These are rocks on the main land),Cappenleggan
Cove,Godrevy Cove,Shaf Rock,The Manacles Rocks including Minstrel
Rock, Cam Du and Varses, The Dean (a headland, an dyn (tyn)=='the
rump',Maenland rock,Polcries,Lowland point,Great Wrea,Davas Rock,Pedn
myin ('Rocks end'),Coverack,Dolor point,Perpean Cove,The
Oxen,Polgravel,Chynhalls point or Meers point,Ebber Rocks,
Porthbeer,Black Head,Hyrlas Rock,Dinas Cove,Treleaver,Pedn Board,The
Bees,Beagle Hole,Meludjack, Beagles Point,Wreathe or Wrath,Downas
Cove,Zawn Carve(Zawn=Cave),Buttercove,The Gaider (an gadar'the
chair'),Zawn Vinoc(=stony cave),Lankidden,Parlour,Carracklooze(=Grey
Rock),Spernic(=Throny),Cam Spernic,Green Saddle,Kennack Sands.
NOTE:
Pen later 1'edn = a head, or end. Men = 'Rock', Carek = 'Rock', Forth
or For = 'Port', Pol = 'Pool', but is usually a corruption of Forth
and sometimes of Pen.
a)M.S penese C.H. The owner was the Rt Hon.Sidney Godolphin. Arrowan
afterwards belonged to John Oliver of Falmouth, whose daughter and
heiress married John Willyams of Carnanton.
b) Bohednoe is probably the same as Methednoe which suggests the
plural of Methen or Medhen, possibly meaning 'luner part' R.M.N.
c) R,N,B, suggests Cost yn Cog, 'Cost in Vain', c.f .Cost lost,Labour
in Vain and other such field names.
d) The word Morrop. i.e. 'By the Sea' is applied to the cliff lands
all along the coast from the Lizard to Penzance but does not occur
once in the St.Keverne field names. Grugath is far inland. R.M.N
adds:Morreps is used by extension of any rich, as opposed to hungry,
ground at St.Ives and Morvah, where the best land is by the shore.
This is not impossible even at Grugath.
e) I am indebted to Mr.R.M.Nance for this interesting and undoubted
interpretation.
f) MS in Exeter Cathedral Library.
g) Professor Loth in his Romans de la Table Ronde suggests The Ford
of Iseult.
h) R.M.N. writes: The earliest form, Demmyn, suggests An Dommen
(tommen) 'a bank' or 'earthwork' later tubment tubben. It is not very
unusual to find the intrusive d before n and b before m confused.
'Dudman (or tomrnen occurs at Leiant') of Dudman in Kenwyn and the
Dodman Headland. Dydemin was the old name of St.Martin in Meneage.
i) See an article on King Teudar, by H.Jenner, FSA, in Tre.Pol and
Pen 1928.
j) Most Cornish parishes had playing fields in the 17th C and
earlier. Some of these were amphitheatres for the performance of
Miracle Plays e.g. Perran Round. The common field name Park an Butts
indicates where the parishioners practised Archery according to the
Statute for the Defence of the Realm.
k) Archives of D and C No.3672 fo.64 and No.1437. PRO Anc.Deeds
A.13280.
1) This word occurs in Reskymer Rentals of 1318 and 1506, but I have
not found it elsewhere. Marghogyon is the plural of Marghak 'Knight',
so that the word possibly refers to some kind of Knightly Service of
Scutage, Ago may be for agoth cf Welsh 'agwedd',Breton 'aon'
'form','condition' R.M.N.
m) Charter in the Cartulary of the Mount at Hatfield,printed in
Oliver's Monasticon, p. 32.
n) MS at Trewarthenick.
o) Maen mellin is a rock on the parish boundary near Croft Pascoe
Pool where six estates used to meet. Counver Tudor must be the
present main road near Kenhewas.
p) See Canon Taylors,Celtic Christianity of Cornwall, p.160 for
remarks on these transactions. He thinks that the monks of the Mount
held these lands in Celtic times but this seems improbable.
q)Manellek ' abounding in sheaves' R.M.N.
r) Or Dor-mulyon 'clover ground' as at Tremeader in Zennor R.M.N.
s) Probably Men voys,'table rock' R.M.N.
t) Consistory Court Proceedings,Exeter Cathedral M.S.S.
u) MS notebook in Truro Museum.
v) For Park Erow Bons,'Bridge Acre' R.M.N.
w) 'Great Leaf Lacca.
x) Pedes Finium,Cornwal 118.
y) Rentals and Surveys 6-38
x) M.S. penes C.H.
aa)? For'gabm for Forth gam, 'Crooked way'
bb) Perhaps Forth hyney,'way of roads'. There was a Gweal Fringey at
Probus
APPENDIX.
Key to the Commoner Field Names.
1.　　Park is the usual word for an enclosed field. Gweal another
common word seems to have been used for a larger open field.
2.　　Park angrouse for Park an grows (crows)= 'the field of the
Cross'. Several fields in St.Keverne bear this name but the only
cross remaining in the parish is at Trelanvean. Cross park, the
English equivalent is also found but this seems to have a reference
to cross roads.
3.　　Drysock for dreysak = Brambly or 'Bramble brake'.
4.　　Park an Drea, or Dray, for Park an dre(f),(tref) = the 'field
near the town' i.e. the farm place.
5.　　Vounder for An Vender (Bonder)= 'the Lane'. Hence Penvounder =
Lanes End.
6.　　Dor here for Dor - hye = 'Long Ground'. Dor is found all over
West Cornwall as a term for a field.
7.　　Park an garrack for Park an garek (Carek)= 'the field of the
rock'.
8.　　Skeber,Skebo, etc, for Skyber = 'a barn'.
9.　　Park Noweth = 'New Field'.
10.　 Pilles for Pyllas = 'Bare Oats'.
11.　 Venton (fenten)='Spring' or 'Fountain'.
12.　 Hales (hal) = 'Moor'.
13.　 Park Bean (byghan)= 'Little Field'.
14.　 Prase (pras) = 'Meadow'. This word is still used to denote
plots of land by the wayside of St.Keverne Parish.
15.　 Goon(gun) = 'Down'. Vean (Vyghan) = 'Little'.
16.　 Warra for Wartha (a-wartha)='Upper'. Gwartha = 'top'. Wollas
(a-woles = 'Lower'. Goles = 'Bottom'.
17.　 P Crease for P-Cres = 'Middle Field'.
18.　 Gew? 'the enclosure'. Generally the field near the homestead,
the first to be enclosed for grass.
19-Vinock for an-veynek = 'the place full of stones'(meyn).
20.　 P-Gullas (goles) = 'bottom field' RMN.
21.　 P an drain ='Thorns Field'(Dreyn).
22.　 Gilly and gelly (Kelly)= 'the Grove'.
23.　 Menor for Meneth = 'Hill'.
24.　 Ponds for Pong = 'Bridge'.
25.　 Vellan - au velyn (melyn) = 'the Mill'.
26.　 Cost lost, a common name in Cornwall, possibly a witticism
introduced by the Tinners.
27.　 Weith,perhaps Park Gwyth,'trees field'.
28.　 Bougy for boudi, later boujy='Cow house'.
29.　 P Darrows,i.e. 'the field before the door' (darras).
30.　 Creague for crug,cruk= ' a barrow'.
31.　 P an Vorne (forn)= 'Oven field'.
32.　 Vineyard. Several fields in St.Keverne bear this name, possibly
a mistranslation of Vinock,stony - see 19.
33.　 Wriggles for forth eglos, pron. V'r'eglos = 'Church way
(field)'
34.　 Trap, the cornish for a stile.
35.　 P Jane, for yen = 'cold field' RMN
36.　 P Eithen (eythyn = 'Furze field'.
37.　 Banel = 'Broom'.
38.　 Reen (ryn) = Slope or hill side. RMN.
39.　 Gulgullas = Gwel goles,'bottom field'.
40.　 Gullyvase for Gwel a ves = 'outer field'.
41.　 Arra for erow = 'Acre'.
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