The topography of the parish of st. Keverne
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1540,Angither 1710 and Nangither 1720 and i840),cf Nangithat in Budock (Engeyther 1538)=? 'the old enclosure', cf Welsh Caeth,enclosed. See Bargwither. KENHEWAS OR KERNHEWAS (Kinihavot 1250,Kynnyavos 1358 and 1504,Kynyhavos 1350,Kenewas 1684). Kynyaf == 'Autumn and Bos = house,i.e. Autumn Pasture (c). The word Havot,01d Cornish for Summer Pasture, became Havos in Middle and Hewas in late Cornish. Kenhewas stands high on the edge of Goonhilly Downs. Field names of Kenhewas and Roscrogy: Hythens (? for Park an Eythyn, 'furze', Nuttas Croft,Gew (17),Bowgie (27),P-Darrows (28, the Praze (13),P Venton (10) P Harry,Ralphs Water, P Skebow (7),P an guidnow (Pgwidden,'whice f in 1810),P an garrack (6) Hennessey's f. Among the Ancient Deeds in the PRO are several 13th C Charters relating to the Moors near Kenhewas. (A.8999) Circa 1250 Robert,Breto Lord of Trelan, granted to Osbert de Landa the Moor above the vill of Kinihavot as far as Cruewrescoc (Cruc=Barrow) and thence to the head of the Moor between Roscroudy (Roscrogy) Kinyavot and the vill of Cruewrescoc, thence to the great Barrow (Hoga) opposite Le Bahow (Trelan Bahow), and so to the great stone below the barrow and then along the valley to the head of the dike between Kinihavot and Trelanbichan and below that dike to certain muternae and from those to one great Butemeium next to Trelanbichan and from that, by the bounds made to the Water of Rescroudi. The deed is endorsed Gonehanok. In another Charter dated 1285 (A. 9489) Desiderata relict of Walter called Bleyt of Roscreugi granted to Thomas de Trelanbihan, the right to make a mill 1 eat to Trelanbihan Mill through Roscreugi land. A map (1812) of a piece of Croft belonging to the Manor of Reskymer Meneage, lying a little S.W. of Kenhewas shows Cam vrathan Rocks (=Crows Cam) now planted with a Fox Govert, the Turf cutter's Well to the West of it and 'Main Mellon or the Yellow Rock 'on the parish boundary, where the commons of six estates meet, near Croft Pascoe pool. See further sub Traboe. KESTLE MERRIS, generally called Kistles (Cestell Merit 967,Kestell Merys 1526). A small holding in Crowza Downs. Kestel=Castle, but there are no remains of any earth works, though the place stands high in the middle of rock strewn crofts. Fields in 1810: Gew (17),Bowgey(27),Hall Bean (=Little Moor',the name of the Downs between Kestle Merris and Trelan), P Treath,Vounder Briton (4),(=Briton's Lane. One Robert Breton was Lord of Trelan,circa 1250. See Kenhewas). KILTER(Kelter 1318,1314,Kilter vean 1656)? same as Welsh Ciltyr, ' comer of land'. Fields Skewis Croft,P an Garrack(6),P an Creague (29) P an Vew ("Cow f').In 1715 Weeth (26) P an Vorne (3)) Round, Croft Dew (Black Croft),P an Lea, P Bean (12) P an Carne, P an Drea (3).
implies the Little Lan in opposition to Lanheverne which it adjoins. The intrusive d in Ladden Vean is characteristic of late Cornish.
1150),Lismanehev 1144,Lesvenek 1482,Lisnecke alias Lisneag 1621,Lesneage 1720). This interesting name clearly implies the Lis or 'Court of the Meneage' Fields. Park Sleddon or Leddon, Gap Moor, P Crease (16) Gew (17),The Gewal, P Noweth (8),The Daises,Cross Close, The Tuck,Chapel Close (in Tregowris village, where a Chapel of St.James was standing in the 15th C), Park an garrack (6,Road Wriggles and Wriggles Croft (32),Vineyard (31,Quillots (i.e. small fields),Sheaves Close. The earliest document relating to this part of Cornwall is a Charter of King Edgar,(d) dated AD 967, granting to his vassal Wulfnoth Rumuncant three Manors (Manse) in Lesmanaoc (Lesneage) and Pennarth(Penare). The boundaries are thus given, in Anglo Saxon. This is the three hides' landmark at Lesmanaoc. First up at Porthalaw (Porthallow) and along the river against the stream to hryt esell (hryt=ford(e). The name is no longer known but the place was one of the fords on the Mill Mehall Stream. Then South and along the river to Crouswrath (now Crowza or Croshea q.v. near St.Keverne Beacon, see the Grugath Charter). Then forth South to Cestell Merit (now Kestle Merriss q.v. and the Grugath Charter). From Cestell Merit to Crucou Merethen (Crucou = 'Barrows'). Then east straight to Leinbroinn (='the pool of rushes'). This place, named also in the Grugath Charter, must have been somewhere near Trevean). Then to Heyt Catwallon (='Catwallan's Ford').Some ford on the stream near Trelease Miil. Then down and along Cendefrion (Kendevrhon is probably 'head waters' cf Welsh Cynddyfrion -R.M.N).This name, which occurs also in the Traboe Charter of 977, was clearly that of the higher part of the valley and stream going down pas Tregidden to the sea at Gillan Creek, now called the Durrra until the little river, then up and along the river to Fonton geu (Fentou='spring'). From Fonton geu along the dike (hedge) to the herepath(='Military Road'.probably the ridgeway from the Deadman through Tregowris to Menifters, now the northern boundary of Lesneage). Then on down the little dike to the great dike. Then forth on the dike to Fosnoucedu (?the Kiddy Bodden field in Pengarrock). Then down and along the river again to Pordalau (Porthallow). The present Lesneage measures 260 acres and is a large and good farm. It is clear, however, that the Lesmanaoc of 967 was of greater extent. As the Bounds stretched to Porthallow on the east, and Kestle Merris on the south, they must have included Tregarne,Pengarrock,Polgwidnan,Roscarnan,Namboll,Tremenhere, Trevithian,Trevean,Lanarth,Trelease and Polkernogo. Lesneage was given as 'two ploughlands in Lismanehee' by Robert Count of Mortain and Lord of Cornwall (1075-1090) together with Traboe q.v. to the Benedictine Monks on St.Michaels Mount. It remained part of the Manor of Traboe until 1910. In Lesneage is a cottage tenement called Park an Gwarry =?'the field of sport'. At the NW corner of Lesneage is an earthwork standing in a field called the Dodman or Deadman (Demmyn(f) 1536,Dudman 1665). The word is possibly derived from Deumaen,'two stones' Two large stone balls lay by the road side here for many years until they were removed to Lanarth. The name 'Deadman' wth the earthworks and a tradition of a skirmish in the Civil War combine to make the place well known as the site of a battle in the local folk lore. LESTOWDER (Lesteeewder 1403,Lesteudar 1501,Lestuther (1536). In the early 16th C Miracle Play in Cornish based on the Life of St.Meriasek of Camborne, Teudar the King of Cornwall (i) is stated to have a residence at Lesteudar in Menek. the word Les certainly implies a Court of Chief place and Twoder may well be the personal name Teudar. Boteeda in Crowan appears as Bostydyr (=? 'Teudar's House') in 1397. Cartuther in Menheniot (Cructuther=? 'Barrow of Teudar') and Camduder, the old name of St.Just in Roseland seem to contain the same name. From the 'Bounds' of Traboe Common in 1734 we learn that the present highway near Kenhewas was then called Vounder Tudor (?'Teadar's Lane'), In spite of its name, which suggests that it was a piece of importance in Celtic times, Lerstowder was not a Manor in the Middle Ages. A chapel of St.John the Baptist was licensed here in 1103. This probably stood in a field called 'the Hospital', where graves have been found. Possibly the Chapel was connected with the hospital of St.John the Baptist at Helston and there may have been a small Lazar House here as at Nanclegy (q.v) near Mill Mehall. Fields: in 1810 P Peath (=Well f),P an Drea (3),P Nevas,Shallow grease(16),P Spreddpn, P Warra(15),The Hospital (see above),Oise of House Downs,PTrap (33),P Piece,Batches Close and Gamblage.
(men) with which it is strewn. MALLACORME, in Rosuick (Mealucorn 1415,Melyckorn Purcy 1469,Meluccorn 1482,Melukorne 1629 and Mellicorne 1655, This tenement is now merged in Rosuick.
Mill 1658)='St.Michael's Mill'. This was the Mill of the Manor of Traboe belonging to the Monks of St.Michael's Mount from 1100-1400. In 1258 John de Trembras consented that a Mill leat and sluice should be made on his land of Trembras. For this the Monks were to pay him 6d a year for ever. The present Mill Mehail (no longer working) lies on the side of the stream opposite to Trembrase. A field behind it is called 'the Tuck' which suggests that there may once have been a Tucking of Fulling Mill here too.
Thomas Comwenian (i.e. Congwidnan now Polgwidden) granted to the Prior of the Mount all his rights in the moor and waters near the Leprrosary of Nanclegy within these bounds, viz: As the highway which is in front of the Leprosary extends towards St.Kyeran, as far as the great stone which is in the way openly on the south and so as far as his (Thomas') barn which is opposite St.Michael's Mill and so the the ford of Nanselegy' with liberty to divert the water flowing in the moor and right of way to their mill for horses and packs. The name Nanselegy is no longer known but & Survey of Congwiddnan or Polgwidnan in 1810 mentions Clugea lane apparently the present hill from Tregowris to Mill Mehall. The Leprosary or Lazar house of which there is no other record, must have stood close to Mill Mehall. NAMBOL (Nanbol 1321,1340, Nansboll 1506,Namboll alias Lamboll 1624)=? Nant poi ' the valley pool'. In the 16th C Namboll was a small Manor held by the Bevilles. James Beville sold it in 1543 to Henry Trengove, of Nance,, whose descendant,John Trengoffe alias Nance^ esq. sold it in 1710 to John Sandys, of Lanarth with other property for £1800.
Fields: Podger, The Crelar,PDevas,Creadle,P Crease (16),Pollstrays,P Bevan,P Jane (44), The Trerise Field. (This marks the site of a merged tenement) - see Trerice.
for Mans 'valley' and Cla'jy = 'Lazar house'. See Con^widnian. NANGITHER in Tregowris. See Hengither. NANJOWAN in Trembraze (Nansowen 1526,Hanjuan 1840) now merged in Trembrase. NANSERRIS (Nanseares 1318,Nanserys 1506). A holding no longer known. NORTH CORNER near Cadgwith, part of Carnsullan q.v. NYTHVRANE near Chywoon (Noithvran 1300,Nethvran 1327,Nythvrane 1500,Neithcrane 1720). Nyth vran = Crows Nest. cf Cam nith bran in the Traboe Charter 977, Chyvrane in Trythance, etc.
Ring 1797). The site, perhaps of the parish Plain an gwarry of Place of Sport(j). These is a Plain an gwarry at Lesneage.
Field of Springs). A curious corruption. Note the intruded d as in Laddenvean. Fields: Rose Jane (34),Carne Hallow, The Praze (13),Garland (?Corlan 'Sheepfold'),Park Hoe. In 1813 Carneggan, PRobins, Galladney,P Weeth (26), and Bullawrence Croft (now Pollarance, a cove in the cliff) = polarghans.'silver pool'.
PENBETHAN in Trelease (Penbudin 1269,Penbuthyn 1278),=Meadows End. A name no longer known.
= 'The Rock Hill'. Pengarrick was, in 1506, the only remaining demesne land of the great Manor of Rosuie or Lucy's (see Rosuic). About 1300 John de Ripariis, Lord of Roswyk, gave the advowson of St.Melan (Mullyon) to Motesfont Pri6ry (Hants), together with one acre in Pengarec lying between the way which leads from St.Keranus towards Trefgloshee (Treglossack) on one side and his land on the other and which stretched from Trefglosheeee on the E to Tregarn on the W. In 1310 the Priory conveyed this property to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter (k) Pengarrack Mill, in Porthallow, is the only Mill now working in the parish. In 1560 John Reskymer esq., obtained leave from John Tretherll to make a head wear for Pengarrek Mill on his land of Tregomynyon (PRO Anc.Deeds A 13280)and to bring a leat of water to the same. Fields Carne Rocks,Locust of Sloggets, Carnantel.Cost lost (25),Bowgie (27) Twopenny Hill,Burning Mountain, P an fold, Gobbean.
Croft, The Gew (17), Park Nothing (34) PENHALWYN see Halwyn. PENMRNNOR near Church town (Penmeneth 1797, Penminith 1720)==Hill top. PENNARE (Pennarth 967,Penarth 1297,Penharth 1310,Penare 1710)=High Head. The Nare Point in St.Keverne as in Veryan is a shortened form of Pennare properly Penarth cf Penair (for Penarth) in St.Clements. In the Lesmanaoe Charter of 967 (q.v) the Bounds of Pennarth are thus described; 'this is the one acres land mark at Pennarth. First from the sea and along the dike to stream, then along the stream to the sea'. These are evidently the present limites of Penare. Fields: Caernmeers (on the headland),White Rock, Commora or Gulmerrow.
Fields: Pedney Crousha (i.e. End of Crowza Down),The Praze, Park Eithen (35),Park Vounder (4),Drysock (2),The Gew (17) P Warra (15),P Bew (=Cow f) and P Bean (12). POLBELORRACK (Polveleryk 1543,Polbulorack 1720). A small holding without a homestead now farmed with Roskerwell. It adjoins Treglossack (Pol belerek,'pool abounding with water cress,'beler R.M.N.)
1321)=? 'The Forth of Streams' from gover = water,stream, the th of porth causing g to become c (R.M.N). The village of Coverack bears a shortened form of the name. There is a place called Coverack Bridge near the river Cober or Cover in Wendron. Here the s of Pons, 'bridge',has had the same effect and Pons coverak has apparently affected gover itself. Cober is Cornish for 'Copper'. R.M.N. Fields; The Wreath,Oxeye,The Praze (13), The Gew (17), The Cams.
Cattle Watering', cf Bondower in Phillack and Dowran in St.Just. R.M.N. suggests that the first syllable is probably Ban=Summit and that the name means 'Head of the Waters'. POLGWIDNAN see Congwidnan. POLGWEST (Polguest 1230,1297,Polgwest 1639,1720),Pol=pool,Gwest = ? a Cornish adaptation of 'West' R.M.N. Fields; In 1715,Park Try Corner (.e. ^Tree Cornered f'),Gew (17), Cost lost (25, in 1812 Annersey,P Chur,Margerots,Vague Gew. POLHERNO (Potheruow 1482,Polhernoe 1615). Pol=pool. hernow may='horse shoes', 'iron' R.M.N. A holding in the valley above Mill Mehall and now merged with Lesneage.
= 'pool' Crouogow = 'frogs' H.J. and R.M.N. cf Polkernogo in Stythians. For an account of the Mill here, circa 1260, see Trelease. Fields: Park East, The Gew (17), P Crees (16),P an Jane (34),P an Vounder (4).
Kerghyth (Cor.Voc.Cherhit W.Crychydd) ='Pool of the Heron' R.M.N. POLPIDNICK (Pollpynnyck 1594) . Pol==Pool of Pinock in Power. ?Pol pennek 'big head (tadpole) pool' R.M.N. PONSANGATH. a hamlet in the S.W. part of the parish with a foot bridge and ford ? 'Bridge of the Cat' called Pons St.Gath (!) on a map of 1850 and Pons-en- garth 1870 but Gath seems the old pronunciation. PONSFRANK(Ponsfrancke 1571).A bridge in the parish no longer known. Pons frank, 'free bridge' RMN PONSWRAGH, named in 1506. A bridge no longer known f6r Pons an Wrah,'Hag's Bridge'. PORTHALLOW (Porthalaw 967,Porthalou 1290,1364) pronounced Prallow. An ancient fishing village in the cove where the estates of Park an tidno,Roskerwell and Pengarrick meet. In the Middle Ages it was the chief fishing village of the Meneage and belonged to the Lords Trenoweth (q.v.) Before 1317 John de Calvo Monte, Lord of Trenoweth,granted to the Monks of Beaulieu a plot of land in Porthalou and leave to draw up their boats there. The Monks as Rectors of the parish were owners of the valuable Tithe of fish and the plot was to enable them to build a cellar to store their Tithe.
Prowstock. Now a larger fishing village than Porthallow, but not so important as in former times. It was part of the Manor of Rosenython. Fields: Gwool Pease,Cuckold peep in. (A cottage on the downs in St.Columb parish. Was called 'Cuckold peep out' in 1815).
1543,Porthkerris 1720) of Porthkerris in Tywardreath and Kerris in Paul. See Polkerth ? Pool of Herons, Kerghydhes. R.M.N. Fields: Cardiggon,Robin,Gew (17),Totens. PRISCAN near Treliever (Priskan 1621,1647,1720) cf Priske in Mullyon and Prisklo in Budock. ? same as Welsh Frysg=BrushWood.Prysgen.'a bush' RMN. Fields in 1812: Carworgy,P en dray (3),Gew (17) Pythan 35),Hallan,Pudden Croft,P Bean (12) Drysack (2), P Warrow (15) and Caveten.
ROSCARNAN (Rosoarnan 1085,1625). Ros=heath,Carnan=rocky hill. cf Boscarnan. Fields: Pleasure Polsure, Croft,Hoylewind,Hallerdubin, Hallovows,The Gew(17),P Warra (15),P Mean,House me loans,? Pellas (9) and Kestlemenack (=?Stony Castle or Meneage Castle. This field in spite of its interesting name has no traces of earthworks in it. If it implies the 'Castle of Meneage', it may be in opposition to Lesneage (The Court of Lesneage) half a mile distant. Roscarnan must have been included in Lesmanaoc according to the Charter of 967,but it is named as a small Manor in Domesday 1085. It had, however, no Manorial Status in later times.
1358). Ros= 'Heath'. Crowgy is found as a place name in Gwennap and Constantine, but the old spelling Crypdu show no affinity With Roscrowgy. Roscroudy suggests the 'Heath of the Cot house'. There is a Crowdy on Bodmin Moor. For Roscrowgy field names see Kenhewas.
eyuthyn 'the fursey heath or promontary'. Fields: Vobins or Bobhams (once a smallholding). P an Drea (3),P Warra(15),Crinkle or Cringo, Monegan, Kestle Kears (near Manacles Point),? Tonkin,Holts or Halts (? Als=Cliff),Bannel (36),P an grouse (l),Godrivey (see Godrevy), The Reens (37),P Sowell, P Ithen (35),The Billas or Bellows,Vineyard (31),Hunds,P Crees (16),Cappen leggan (on the Cliff),Gweal Peas,Manygullas (=? Lower Hill),Dorgarrack (5 and 6} Kew in ale.
seems to have been originally part of the Church fief, of which Richard Fitz Yve was over lord at the end of the 12th C. Honorata, daughter of his son William, married John fitz Richard de Reskymer in 1249 and carried Rosenython to that house. Under the Reskymers Rosenython was held by the service of one knight's fee 'with two suits in Agomarghogyon' (i) by the family of Le Seneschal, so called from their ancestor who had been Seneschal or Steward of the Barony of Cardynan. John son of Batholomew le Seneschal held Rosneython with Trevlechyon Wartha and Woles (Treloyhan), Tregenfreys (Treginges), Pordestek (Porthowstock), Carnellas and Godevri Mill in 1280.
In 1283, Rosneython appears as one of the Tithings or Police Divisions of the Hundred of Kerrier. The Manor passed by successive heiresses from Senescahl to Ceriseaux and de Vere. It was afterward purchased by the Vyvyans. The Manor Mill was at; Godrevy on the shore. ROSKERWELL (Roskervill,1318,Roscurvyll 1333, 1313,Reskoyla 1720),locally called 'Skerlith' or 'Skirlets*. Fields in 1810: Gew (17),P Jenkin,Polbadnack,The Beggal, Weath (26),P an gear (=Castle f. This is no longer known),? Spridden and P Warra (15). In the Middle Ages Roskerwell lay within the fief of Trenoweth.
ROSKILLY (Roskelli 1200,Roskilly 1318,Roskylly 1505)= 'The Heath of the Grove'. Fields: The Buttress, P Gurra, P an DSrea (3) P Noweth (8),Gulgullas (38),Game at Cards, Champion Moor.
1340,Rosuwyk 1425) = ? The Ford of the Hind, Resewhic,cf. Nansewick in St. Alien. Fields: P an vellan (24),P Bean (12),P Noweth (8),Parkers Fd, Gew (17) P Jane (34).Trill,Warha hale (11 and 15),Cowzier,Croft an grana, Gweal Dubnas, The Praze(13), Wartha Ponds or Harrybonds (=Upper Bridge),Gweal Wartha (15),Vuggan,P an garrick (6),Yarn gooth or Johnny gopds (=?Good Garden). In the middle of the 12th C Richard de Lucy, the Chief Justiciar of Henry II acquired extensive estates in Cornwall, almost certainly by royal grant and possibly after some other magnate had forfeited them for rebellion. These estates included lands all over the eastern side of the Lizard peninsula with their centre at Rosuick or Rosewick. These lands were afterwards styled the Manor of Rosewick alias Lucy's. At the Record Office are charters circa 1200 (Ancient Deeds A6580 and A 9460) whereby Godfrey de Lucy,Bishop of Winchester and Rohesia de Duvre (Coheiress of Richard de Lucy) confirmed to Richards Fitz Gilbert (de Reskymer) lands in Tregudyn (Tregidden) Trevithian,Reskelli and Kiniavots (Kenhewas) to be held under them in socage. In this way the whole Manor was gradually alienated to free tenants until by 1506 only the Barton of Pengarrick,near Porthallow, remained. The heirs of Lucy married de Ripariis and Fitz Walter, two great families of Essex. In 1304 Sir John de Ripariis or Rivers sold the Manor of Rosewike to Walter de St.Margaret, a Merchant. It was afterwards purchased by the Carminows and so came by heiress to the Reskymers in the 15th C. Both Rosewik and Lucies are named as Tithings or police divisions of the Hundred of Kerrier in 1283.
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