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Bakı Dövlət Universitetinin nəzdində İqtisadiyyat və Humanitar Kollec

Şöbə: İqtisadiyyat ixtisasları

İxtisas: Bank işi
Qrup: 001Q
Kurs: 1
Fənn: Xarici dilde işgüzar və akademik kommunikasiya
Tələbə:Cəfə Nəcəf Şəms
Müəllim: Ağakişiyeva Şəlalə
Mövzu: My country

Azerbaijan is situated at the junction of Europe and Asia, and borders upon Georgia, Russia, Iran, Armenia and Turkey. From the east, the territory of the country is washed by the Caspian Sea. The mountains of the Caucasus and Talysh, which are crossed by fertile valleys, make up more than half of the territory of the country. Along with steppes and sparse vegetation in the mountains are vast shaded forests. Up to 1,250 large and small rivers flow through Azerbaijan. The biggest are the Kura River (1,515 km) and Araz River (1,072 km).

The real jewels among Azerbaijan's natural treasures are its mountain lakes. The Batabat, the Goygol, the Maralgol and other lakes possess a unique and distinctive beauty. There are more than 1,000 mineral springs (the most famous of which are Badamli, Istisu, and Sirab). The plant and animal life of Azerbaijan is rich and diverse. More than 4,000 species of plants grow here, including many native varieties, as well as more than 1,200 types of animals and birds: bear, lynx, wolf, Caucasian goat, jeyran, deer, turaj, pheasants, flamingo, pelicans and countless others.
White sturgeon, salmon, kutum, and stellate sturgeon are found in the Caspian Sea and in the mouths of the rivers flowing into it. The climate is transitional, from temperate to sub-tropical. The average temperature here in July ranges from +5°C in Alpine regions to +27°C in low-lying areas, and in January accordingly from -10°C to +3°C. Precipitation varies from 200 mm in Absheron to 1,200-1,700 mm in the Lankaran valley. Strong winds occur very frequently, especially in autumn.
Azerbaijan - the Land of Fires!
Azerbaijan - a miraculous country with its rich natural resources, and ancient culture, history and people; whose lifestyle presents a unique and harmonious combination of the traditions and ceremonies of many different cultures and civilizations.

Azerbaijan is the geographical name of the country. On one hand, this name is linked with the ancient population which lived in this region for thousand of years, and who were mostly fire-worshippers. The local population considered fire to be their God, and thus they worshipped it. "Azer" means fire. The Turkic name "Azer" was used to describe this territory for centuries. The word "Azerbaijan" originates from the name of an ancient Turkish tribe, who resided in these lands.

Azerbaijan is one of the most ancient sites of human civilization. People have been present here at every stage of their historical development. There were developed settlements in Azerbaijan even at the earliest stages of civilization.

Time has preserved a range of ancient archeological and architectural monuments for our generation. Ancient headstones, manuscripts and examples of carpets, preserved to the present day from ancient ages, can provide much insight to those who can and want to read them. If you wish to understand Azerbaijan and know of its fascinating history and culture, you need to look at this country and its people through the eyes of an old friend.

The policy of "Open Doors" carried out by the Azerbaijan government, as well as the social and economic reformation and democratization of society carried out in the Republic, have allowed many more citizens of independent Azerbaijan to expand the scope of their worldview, and to receive wonderful opportunities to visit foreign countries. Visits of foreign travelers to Azerbaijan are also increasing day by day.

Azerbaijan has great potential for the development of the tourism industry - with such fascinating sights as ancient cities, palaces, fortresses, mausoleums, and mosques. Azerbaijan has always been famous for its sources of eternal fire - the "atashgehs". There is a place called Yanardag (blazing mountain) in Absheron and thermal springs in some parts of Nakhichievan, Kelbejar, Masali, Lenkoran, and Babadag provinces.

In Surakhani, there is a site of eternal flame. From ancient times, fire worshippers from remote places, and even Indian priests, came to Absheron in search of fire, and found it here. They built large temples here in Surakhani and in Ateshgah.

There are more than 6 thousand historical architectural monuments on the territory of Azerbaijan. The natural climatic conditions of Azerbaijan are also unique. As is well known, 9 climate zones exist in Azerbaijan, out of the 11 in the world.

Azerbaijan is endowed with picturesque natural landscapes, monuments of culture and modern tourist resorts. The Khudat-Yalama seacoast, bordered by forests, and the seashores of Absheron and Lankaran are fine places for recreation and relaxation. In these places, there are fine sandy beaches with steady water temperatures of 22-26°C for five or more months, which provide for a long swimming season. The most attractive areas for Alpinism and winter sports are Shamakhi and Gusar. Many types of animals and birds are objects of licensed hunting, and in the reserves they are very easy to watch and photograph. In particular, the Gizilagach reserve, where in the winter months more than one million individuals from two hundred species of birds of passage gather, is ideal for this purpose.

In Azerbaijan are a number of health resorts and spas, creating an opportunity for treatment of many illnesses yielding to natural therapies. Most of the resorts with mineral spas also function as tourist centers. Nakhchievan is especially rich in mineral sources; the only known deposit of medicinal petroleum in the world - Naftalan - is completely unique.

Baku and the Absheron peninsula; Nakhchivan, Guba-Khachmaz, Sheki-Zagatala, and Lankaran-Astara regions; and the historical areas of Shirvan and Ganjabasar are the most attractive for travelers in Azerbaijan. The lovely nature of these places, numerous ancient ruins, wonderful ethnographic variety and the astonishing skills of local craftsmen will leave an unforgettable impression of Azerbaijan upon its guests. 


Topic 2: National holiday
28 MAY – INDEPENDENCE DAY
On 28 May 1918, the National Council of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic signed the Declaration of Independence, declared the independence of Azerbaijan to the world, and continued the centuries-old statehood traditions of our people.
In a short period of time, the first parliament and government of Azerbaijan were established, state attributes were put in place, borders were defined, important measures were taken in the field of state building, recognition of the Republic as a subject of international relations and protection of its national interests. The laws adopted by the new parliament have played the key role in strengthening national independence, ensuring political, economic and cultural development of the country, and establishing democratic principles. At the time, democratic institutions were established, great work was done in army building, and women were granted the right to vote for the first time in the Muslim East. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which existed for only 23 months, left a significant mark on the formation of democratic traditions and the history of national statehood, and laid a solid foundation for the future independence of the Republic by strengthening the sentiments of freedom and independence.
The independent Republic of Azerbaijan is the legal successor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
By a relevant Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, 2018 was declared a Year of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
The founders of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic are always remembered with great respect and their memory is held in high esteem.
15 JUNE - DAY OF NATIONAL SALVATION OF THE AZERBAIJANI PEOPLE


Despite the fact that Azerbaijan declared the restoration of its independence in 1991, the political crisis caused by the incompetence of the government, activities of internal and external destructive forces aimed at undermining the foundations of the state, the emergence of separatist tendencies in different regions, and severe socioeconomic situation put the country face-to-face with the threat of civil war and the loss of independence. The situation was further exacerbated by Armenia’s aggression and occupation of Azerbaijan’s lands.
And in such a fateful moment, the Azerbaijani people trusted their future to outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev. After returning to Baku by popular demand, Heydar Aliyev was elected as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 15 June 1993 and as President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on 3 October of the same year.
It was thanks to Heydar Aliyev’s salvation mission that the processes threatening the state independence of Azerbaijan were prevented and state-building issues were put in the focus of attention. Thus, 15 June went down in the history of Azerbaijan as the Day of National Salvation.
The key priorities of national leader Heydar Aliyev’s policy included achieving a ceasefire with Armenia, establishing public and political stability, building a democratic system and liberal economy, ensuring national army building and security, implementing a new oil strategy, accelerating Azerbaijan’s integration into the international arena, and achieving a fair settlement of the Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
1995 marked the launch of drastic reforms in all spheres of public life, a new Constitution was adopted, a multi-party system was built, political pluralism became a norm of society, freedom of speech and press was ensured. In parallel, significant steps were taken to build a market economy, the world`s leading companies were involved in exploiting the hydrocarbon resources in the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea, routes for the transportation of oil to the world market were defined and resources to ensure Azerbaijan’s development were made available in a short period of time.
Heydar Aliyev pursued a consistent and purposeful policy to transform Azerbaijan into a reliable partner in the system of international relations, raising the world community`s awareness of the material, spiritual and intellectual values of the country, secure the interests of the Azerbaijani state both in the region and in the world by taking into account the key aspects of national security and development.
The 1993-2003 time period, when Heydar Aliyev was in power and was elevated to the status of national leader for his unparalleled services to the Azerbaijani people and state, marked a historic stage when Azerbaijan emerged as a state, formed and transformed into a full-fledged subject of the international community. These 10 years saw the implementation of the national development strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the people of Azerbaijan benefited from a rare historic opportunity and made their independence everlasting and irreversible at the cost of great suffering.
26 JUNE – DAY OF ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when Azerbaijan was part of the Tsarist Russian regime, ordinary Muslims were not conscripted into the army. Only descendants of noble families had the right to serve in the army and receive a military education. In the Tsarist Russia era, Azerbaijan produced many outstanding military figures. Among them were General Samad bay Mehmandarov, General Aliagha Shikhlinski, General Faraj bay Aghayev, General Ehsan Khan Nakhchivanski.
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established on 28 May 1918, and one of its key tasks was army building. On 26 June, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic established its first regular army unit – a 5,000-strong Special Army Corps of Azerbaijan. The formation of the national army units together with the Caucasian Islamic Army of the Ottomans saved Baku and its surrounding provinces from the Armenian-Bolshevik occupation and played a crucial role in protecting national statehood, the inviolability of borders and security. According to results of WWI, when the Ottoman military unit had to leave Azerbaijan, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on 1 November 1918, under which army building was entrusted to the Azerbaijani government. On 25 December of the same year, General of the artillery Samad bay Mehmandarov became minister of the military, while Lieutenant General Aliagha Shikhlinski became deputy minister on 29 December. In a short time, they did a lot in the field of army building. In March 1919, the army of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic staged a ceremonial military parade in Ganja.
Following the collapse of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the Bolsheviks abolished the national army and executed 15 out of 21 generals of the Azerbaijani armed forces.
The Azerbaijanis tried to master military professions even when they were not independent. During WWII, Azerbaijan produced a new grand corps of servicemen, officers and generals. Heroes of the Soviet Union such as Israfil Mammadov, Gafur Mammadov, Huseynbala Aliyev, Mehdi Huseynzade displayed true heroism in the fight against fascism. It was at that time that General Hazi Aslanov, General Akim Abbasov, General Mahmud Abilov, General Tarlan Aliyarbayov and many others inscribed their names in history.
Although the ministry of defense was established in Azerbaijan after the country restored its independence in 1991, it failed to properly fulfill its functions and protect people`s interests until national leader Heydar Aliyev returned to power in 1993. This marked a new era in the history of the Azerbaijani armed forces. Officers who graduated from the Jamshid Nakchivanski Military Lyceum, which was established by national leader Heydar Aliyev in 1971, were engaged in army building. Higher military schools were reorganized and new ones were established.
National leader Heydar Aliyev always attached great importance to the glorious history of the army of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. On 22 May 1998, the national leader signed an Order proclaiming 26 June, the day when the Special Army Corps of Azerbaijan was established, as the Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan.
Nowadays the Azerbaijani army is going through the most glorious stage of its history. Military parades held in 2008, 2011 and 2013 demonstrated the power of the Azerbaijani army.
The historic victory achieved in April 2016 after a counter-offensive was launched in response to the continued provocations of the Armenian armed forces on the line of contact was further evidence of the Azerbaijani army’s power and determination to win.
In May 2018, a total of 11,000 hectares of land in Nakhchivan occupied by Armenians in the early 1990s were liberated as a result of a successful operation by the Nakhchivan Special General Army.
On 26 June 2018, a ceremonial military parade was held in Azadlig Square in Baku on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The parade featured Azerbaijani flags raised in the lands liberated from the occupiers during the April 2016 battles and the Nakhchivan operation in 2018. Speaking at the parade, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Ilham Aliyev said the territorial integrity of the country will be restored. “The day will come when, after the liberation of the occupied territories, the Azerbaijani flag which will be raised there will be brought to Azadlig Square and displayed in a military parade.”
Under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Victorious Supreme Commander-in-Chief Ilham Aliyev, the people of Azerbaijan united like an iron fist. They proved to the whole world that it was impossible to break their will and force them to come to terms with the occupation. In response to Armenia’s incessant provocations, Azerbaijan’s Armed Forces launched the “Iron Fist” operation on 27 September 2020 and, as a result of the 44-day Patriotic war that lasted until 10 November, forced the occupying country to kneel and capitulate.
The Azerbaijani flags hoisted across the liberated lands were displayed at the Victory Parade in Azadlig Square in Baku on 10 December 2020. On the occasion of this historic date, the President of Azerbaijan said: “Every single day of these 44 days is our glorious history. Every day, Azerbaijan’s Army advanced, liberating cities, villages, settlements and heights. Azerbaijani soldiers and officers fought to put an end to this occupation and injustice, to restore historical justice, and we achieved that.”
The glorious victory in the Patriotic War, along with the demonstration of the military power and economic strength of the Azerbaijani state, was a vivid testimony to our people’s determination to triumph.


TOPIC 3: My wish
My wish is that to get Economic of Universtyi and to be mode designer in our country. I want to represent our country in the fashion design world.


Why UNEC?


The University is the fundamental educational center teaching the science of economics in the region; Teaching process and training of personnel is in conformity with the American and European educational system; Specialties on Bachelor, Master and Doctorate levels are taught in Azerbaijani, English, Russian and in Turkish languages; The central point of auditorium is student; Student can graduate the university with 2 or more specialties (dual major); Students have opportunities to participate in different exchange programs; There are total 17 chairs on 10 departments; and staff of the University consists of 403 professors and Doctors of Philosophy.
Azerbaijan State University of Economics - is a public universiy located in Baku, Azerbaijan. UNEC was founded in 1930 and it is one of the biggest educational institutions of the South Caucasas. UNEC has 14 faculties, where 18.5 thousand students get education, and it offers master programs in 57 specialties, employing more than 1000 teachers, including 62 professors and 344 docents, among whom there are active members of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences New York Academy of Sciences, winners of state awards, honored teachers and scientists. UNEC is a full member of the European University Association, Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World, University Council of Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Eurasian Association of Universities. Foreign students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate courses at UNEC are approximately 650 out of 18,400 student enrollment overall.
In 2007, a Library and Information Center and a student Career Center started functioning at UNEC and also a new 7 floor educational building that meets the highest international standards was opened. The same year UNEC received the “European quality” award and the European Club of Rectors and European University Association. On its Main Building on Istiglaliyyat street, a 24/7 open library is operating since 2018.
The strategic direction of UNEC development was to bring the educational process up to the international standards by 2010, finishing the international accreditation process and ensuring full compliance with Bologna Process, as well as more active participation in the international market of educational services. Currently the university is chaired by rector professor Adalat Muradov and five vice rectors
Originally it was a part of Baku State University. It became a separate university in 1930. Over the years its name has changed a number of times and it was re-merged and re-separated from Baku State on several occasions. On its creation in 1930, the school was named the Trade-Cooperative Institute. In 1933, the government of Azerbaijan SSR changed the name to the "Azerbaijan Social-Economic University named after Karl Marx" (similar to the naming of the Azerbaijan Medical University named after Nariman Narimanov), and introduced curricula on accounting, law and finance. In 1936 the name was tweaked to the "Azerbaijan Social-Economic Institute named after Karl Marx". With the onset of World War II, UNEC was folded into Baku State University's Department of Economics. By 1944 the school was separated again, this time as the Azerbaijan National Economic Institute. It remained under this name until March 1959, when war caused it to be folded back into Baku State University.
In 1966 the school separated once again, and has remained independent since, initially as the Azerbaijan National Economic Institute named after Dadash Bunyadzade. In 1987 the name was changed to the Finance-Economic Institute; and in 2000 the name was finally changed to its current form by an act of the Azerbaijani government.


TOPIC 4 : Friends and Relatives
Your friends and family might be wondering how to treat you. They could be scared their visit will make you feel worse, or worried about whether or not to talk about what they've been up to recently, in case you get upset about things you aren't able to do at the moment. Sometimes you might feel that, although seeing friends wears you out, you feel it's worth it. At other times, you might know that you feel too ill to do something that has been planned. In either case, they won't know unless you tell them. Give your family members a chance – be honest and let them know how you are feeling and how much you appreciate their love and care.
Your family may be very supportive and help you maintain your friendships. Or they might find your illness distressing, pretend that it isn't happening, or be unable to face up to the effect it is having on your life. People facing difficulties in their own lives they might seem insensitive to the hurt you are feeling.
All this means that good communication skills are a very important part of living with M.E. There are three important areas of communication, set out below, and it can help to keep them separate, so that any messages you are trying to communicate are as clear as possible.
TOPIC 5: My favorite food
Plov or ash — rice-based dish.

There are 200 types of pilaf in Azerbaijan, and pilaf is considered the king of Azerbaijani and Uzbek cuisine. Plov is one of the most widespread dishes in Azerbaijan, with more than 40 different recipes. Plovs have different names depending on the main ingredients accompanying rice:: Kourma plov Mutton plov (with onion), Chilov plov, Bean plov (with fish), Sabzi Qovurma plov, Mutton plov, Toyug plov, Chicken plov, Shirin plov, Dried fruit plov, Syudli plov, Rice cooked (in milk), Sheshryanch plov, Six-color plov (eggs cooked "sunny side up" on a bed of fried green and white onions) 

Azerbaijani cuisine boasts countless versions of it, with every region having its own special recipe. Typically, long grain rice is steamed with saffron on top and a layer of golden crust called Gazmag (in Azeri: qazmaq) on the bottom. Traditionally, a crust is prepared from eggs, flours, butter and yogurt. Or, if you are pressed with time, simply lay peeled sliced potatoes or flat bread - lavash on the bottom, then scoop the rice on top and steam it. Usually this type of Pilaff is served with additions, known as ashgara (ashqara) or khurush, prepared separately from the rice. Meat, dried fruits, fresh herbs, fish, vegetables and aromatic spices are cooked in many different ways to make the addition, which, when ready, is piled on top of the cooked saffron rice on individual serving plates. Some recipes call for the addition to be cooked with the rice, inside the same pot. Like the one I am posting today. It is a simplified version of a layered rice pilaff called Parcha-dosheme. The origianal recipe requires a crust on the bottom before other ingredients are layered on top. In our family the following simplified version of it is cooked more often. No crust, but still delicious!