Baku state universiTY

BAKU STATE UNİVERSİTY

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  Faculty: İnternational relations and economy
  
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  Specialization: İnternational trade and logistics
  
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  Group: 514
  
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  Subject: Business and academic communication in a foreign language
  
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  To the teacher: Shalala İsmikhanova
  
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  Student: Saftar Mammadov
  
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  Topic: Our National Leader
  

İndividual work-3

BAKU 2023
"Every nation, every state in its history, requires leaders who love their land and people, who lead them to victory on the battlefield and light the way in difficult times. In the truest sense, great personalities are always needed in the formation of a state and in bolstering the strength of a nation among nations. Today, Azerbaijan proudly stands among the leading nations in the world. Throughout its history, remarkable figures have emerged from this land and this nation, elevating its name to great heights.
It is a universally recognized truth that 'No nation can exist without distinguished personalities.' This idea is attributed to the great leader Heydar Aliyev, who has positioned Azerbaijan's name among the world's foremost nations and continually impressed global statesmen with his foresight, and who wholeheartedly loved every representative of his nation. As the years pass, we come to appreciate more deeply the greatness, wisdom, and profound affection that our national leader Heydar Aliyev had for his people and homeland. His political endeavors have been dedicated to the well-being of all of humanity.
Heydar Aliyev, the son of Ali Aliyev, was born on May 10, 1923, in the city of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan Republic. He completed his education at Nakhchivan Pedagogical Technical School in 1939 and then pursued studies at the architecture faculty of Azerbaijan Industrial Institute (now Azerbaijan State Oil Academy). The ongoing war prevented him from completing his education. From 1941, Heydar Aliyev worked as the head of a department in the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and in the People's Commissars Soviet of Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1944, he was assigned to work in state security bodies. Heydar Aliyev worked in the security bodies' system and from 1964 served as the deputy chairman of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan SSR, and from 1967, as its chairman, ultimately rising to the rank of major-general."

In those years, he received special higher education in Leningrad and in 1957 graduated from the history faculty of Azerbaijan State University. In July 1969, at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev was elected as the first secretary, becoming the leader of the republic. In December 1982, when he became a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Heydar Aliyev was appointed as the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and became one of the leaders of the Soviet Union. Throughout twenty years, Heydar Aliyev was a deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet, and for five years, he served as the first deputy chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet.

On January 20, 1990, following the bloody events carried out by Soviet forces in Baku, Heydar Aliyev issued a statement the next day at the Azerbaijani representation in Moscow, demanding punishment for the organizers and perpetrators of the crimes against the Azerbaijani people. He also protested against the hypocritical policy of the Soviet leadership in relation to the intense conflict situation in Nagorno-Karabakh. As a sign of protest, in July 1991, he left the ranks of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Upon his return to Azerbaijan in July 1990, Heydar Aliyev initially lived in Baku, and then in Nakhchivan. In the same year, he was elected as a deputy to the Azerbaijan Supreme Soviet. He served as the chairman of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Supreme Assembly and as the first deputy chairman of the Azerbaijan Republic Supreme Soviet from 1991 to 1993. In 1992, at the founding congress of the New Azerbaijan Party in Nakhchivan, he was elected as the party's chairman. In May-June 1993, when the government crisis escalated in the country, and there was a danger of losing independence due to the outbreak of a civil war, the Azerbaijani people demanded Heydar Aliyev's return to power. The leaders of Azerbaijan at the time were forced to officially invite Heydar Aliyev to Baku.
On June 15, 1993, Heydar Aliyev was elected as the Chairman of the Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet, and on July 24, he began exercising the powers of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, as decided by the National Assembly. In October 1993, following a nationwide referendum on October 3, Heydar Aliyev was elected as the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In the presidential elections held under favorable conditions on October 11, 1998, he secured 76.1% of the vote, securing his position as the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan once again.
Heydar Aliyev was honored with the Order of Lenin four times, the Order of the Red Star, and numerous medals. He was twice named a Hero of Socialist Labor and received numerous foreign orders and medals. On March 27, 1997, in Kyiv, he was awarded Ukraine's prestigious "Order of Yaroslav the Wise." On April 13, 1999, President Heydar Aliyev was deemed worthy of Turkey's most prestigious honor, the "Atatürk Peace Prize." On January 20, 2001, he was awarded the title of "Honorary Professor" by Moscow State University. On April 3, 2003, Heydar Aliyev was elected as a professor and full member of the Academy of Security, Defense, and Law and Order Problems of the Russian Federation, and he received the Y.V. Andropov Prize. On May 10, 2003, a decree was signed awarding him the high Russian honor of the "Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle’’.