Physical Science Exam Review



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Name: __________________ Physical Science Doc. # _______

Date: ______________ Mr. Barry Class Period _____



Physical Science Exam Review
GOAL 1: Construct an understanding of mechanics.

Vocabulary: speed, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, force, net force, inertia, work, power, energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, centripetal force, centripetal acceleration, momentum

1.01—Analyze uniform and accelerated motion.

Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 2
_____ 1. A car going around a curve is said to be accelerating because:

  1. it is slowing down

  2. it is changing the direction of the velocity

  3. it is speeding up

  4. a car going around a curve is NOT accelerating

_____ 2. When acceleration is negative, what happens?



  1. an object speeds up

  2. an object slows down

  3. an object turns

  4. an object goes backwards

_____ 3. At the beginning of a race, Sam starts from rest and achieves a velocity of 5.0 m/s in just

4.0 seconds. What is his acceleration?

A) 0.80 m/s2



  1. 1.25 m/s2

  2. 10 m/s2

  3. 20 m/s2

_____ 4. Vanessa drives 30 km on the highway at an average speed of 90 km/hr. How long does it

take her?


  1. 3 hours

  2. 1 hour

  3. 30 minutes

  4. 20 minutes

_____ 5. If you want to calculate the acceleration of a car, you should ___ the change in velocity of

the car by the time interval.

A) multiply B) increase C) decrease D) divide


_____ 6. Which of the following is an example of a projectile?

  1. a basketball shot from half court

  2. a football at kickoff

  3. a spitwad shot through a straw

  4. all of the above

_____ 7. What is the shape of the path that a projectile follows?



  1. a straight line

  2. a circle

  3. a curved path downward

_____ 8. If you threw a baseball forward at a speed of 10 m/s and dropped another baseball from

the same height at the same time, which would hit the ground first?


  1. the one you threw forward

  2. the one you just dropped

  3. they would hit the ground at the same time

_____ 9. What does velocity tell you that speed does not tell you?



  1. how fast something is moving

  2. how far something has moved

  3. what direction something is moving

  4. nothing, it’s just harder to spell


1.02—Analyze forces and their relationship to motion, Newton’s three laws of motion.

Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 3
_____ 10. A person’s mass and weight are both measured on Earth and on the moon. Which is the same

at both locations?

A) mass only B) weight only C) both mass and weight

D) both are different at two locations


_____ 11. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 after stopping at a red light. If the mass of the car

is 3000 kg, what force does its engine exert?

A) 1000 N B) 0.001 N C) 9000 N
_____ 12. A 1.0 kg ball and a 5.0 kg ball are dropped at the same instant. Which one hits the ground first?


  1. the 1.0 kg ball

  2. the 5.0 kg ball

  3. they both hit at the same time

_____ 13. If you drop a sheet of paper and a pencil at the same time, the pencil will hit the ground first

even though they experience the same acceleration. Why is this true?


  1. there is more air resistance on the paper than the pencil

  2. there is more air resistance on the pencil than the paper

  3. the pencil is heavier

  4. this does not happen; they hit at the same time

_____ 14. As an object falls, its downward velocity:



  1. decreases

  2. increases

  3. remains the same

_____ 15. If the same force is applied to the following objects, which will accelerate the most?



  1. a pencil

  2. a desk

  3. a physical science book

  4. Ms. von St. Paul

_____ 16. A 1.0 kg ball and a 5.0 kg ball are dropped at the same instant. Which one has more inertia?



  1. the 1.0 kg ball

  2. the 5.0 kg ball

  3. they both have the same inertia

_____ 17. What do we call the unbalanced force that causes acceleration toward the center of a circle?



  1. net force

  2. centripetal force

  3. frictional force

  4. gravitational force

_____ 18. Why does it hurt more to be hit by a bullet that is shot from a gun than to be hit by a bullet that

is thrown at you?


  1. the faster moving bullet has more momentum

  2. the faster moving bullet is bigger

  3. it doesn’t hurt more; it hurts the same

_____ 19. What causes acceleration?

A) a balanced force B) an unbalanced force C) inertia

D) mass E) velocity


_____ 20. If a 1000 kg car is to accelerate at a rate of 3.0 m/s2, what force will its engine need to apply?

A) 0.003 N B) 333 N C) 3000 N


_____ 21. A force of 10 N accelerates a ball at the rate of 0.5 m/s2. What is the mass of the ball?

A) 5.0 kg B) 0.005 kg C) 20 kg


_____ 22. If an object has a mass of 100 kg , what is its weight?

A) 100 N B) 10 N C) 980 N


_____ 23. A 5000 kg airplane accelerates down the runway from rest achieving a speed of 130 m/s in 20

seconds. What is its acceleration?


A) 6.5 m/s2 B) 1.92 m/s2 C) 2600 m/s2 D) 13,000,000 m/s2
_____ 24. When two people on skates

try to play tug-of-war, they A) Newton’s 1st law of motion

pull themselves as hard as

they pull each other. B) Newton’s 2nd law of motion


_____ 25. When you let go of a balloon C) Newton’s 3rd law of motion

that is not tied, it flies across

the room because as it pushes the

air out, the air pushes it forward.


_____ 26. It takes more force to stop a moving

car than a bicycle moving at the

same speed.
_____ 27. A baseball that is thrown in space will

keep moving at a constant speed in a

straight line until it hits something.
_____ 28. A force that acts against motion causing things to slow down is

A) inertia B) friction C) gravity

D) weight E) mass
1.03—Analyze the conservation of energy and work.

Chapters 4 & 5


_____ 29. What is the kinetic energy of a 65 kg student running at 4.0 m/s?

A) 16.25 J B) 260 J C) 130 J D) 520 J


_____ 30. Marc pushes a box with a force of 55 N for 12 meters across the floor. How much work does

he do?


A) 4.58 J B) 660 J C) 0.22 J D) it depends on how fast he is pushing

_____ 31. When Matt dives off the diving board and heads toward the water, what happens to his

potential energy?


  1. it flies off in all directions

  2. it stays up on top of the diving board

  3. it turns into kinetic energy

  4. it drowns

_____ 32. Who does the most work in the following situations?



  1. Jason pushes on a wall with a force of 200 newtons.

  2. Cliff solves seven word problems in his head.

  3. Jordan pushes a pencil across her desk.

  4. Stephen pushes a textbook across the lab table.

_____ 33. One joule is the same as one:

A) milliliter B) dm3 C) newton meter
_____ 34. The law of conservation of energy states that


  1. if we don’t conserve, we will run out of energy

  2. energy is not created or destroyed, it is just changed from one

form to another

  1. thermal energy is a form of energy

Consider the following picture of a ball swinging on a string:









C
A


B
_____ 35. At which position does the ball have the greatest potential energy?



  1. position A

  2. position B

  3. position C

  4. both positions A and C

_____ 36. At which position does the ball have the greatest kinetic energy?



  1. position A

  2. position B

  3. position C

  4. both positions A and C

_____ 37. Which of the following has the greatest potential energy?



  1. a 30 kg rock sitting on a ledge 2.0 meters high

  2. a 100 kg box resting on a chair 0.5 meters high

  3. a 50 kg person standing on a 100 meter high cliff

  4. a 45 kg track star running 6.0 m/s around a track

_____ 38. Jessica pushes on a car stuck in a ditch with a force of 1000 N for 15 minutes. The car remains

stuck. How much work did Lucas do?
A) 66.7 J B) 1.11 J C) 15 000 J D) 0 J

_____ 39. A 250 g rock flies through the air at a speed of 10.0 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

A) 2.5 J B) 25 J C) 2500 J D) 25 000 J
GOAL 2: Build an understanding of thermal energy.

Vocabulary: heat, thermal energy, thermal pollution, specific heat,

vaporization, evaporation, sublimation, temperature,

heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, entropy, conduction,

convection, radiation, friction, efficiency



2.01—Assess molecular motion as it relates to temperature and phase changes.

--know effects of gaining or losing heat, such as contraction and expansion

or rising and falling temperature or change of phase

--be able to read a phase change graph (like the lab where we melted ice

and then heated the water)

--be able to describe or recognize the motion of molecules as heat is

gained or lost and to describe the motion of molecules of a solid, a

liquid and a gas



Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 6
_____ 40. A measure of the average kinetic energy that particles of a material have is called:

A) temperature B) heat C) thermal energy D) conduction


_____ 41. The type of thermal energy transfer that can only occur in fluids is:

A) insulation B) conduction C) convection D) radiation


_____ 42. Which of the following is true when a liquid changes to a gas?

  1. the liquid gives off thermal energy

  2. the liquid absorbs thermal energy

  3. the surroundings of the liquid become warmer

43.If 3800 joules of thermal energy are added to 100 g of copper, by how much will the temperature of the

copper change? The specific heat of copper is 0.380 kJ/kg.K.

44.A 1.00 kg block of iron is heated from 22oC to 77oC. The specific heat of iron is 0.450 kJ/kg.K. What is

the change in internal energy of the block?

4. 250 kg of glass are heated from 35oC to 45oC using 2100 kJ of thermal energy.

What is the specific heat of glass?

_____ 46. Which of the following would take the most heat to raise its temperature from 300 K to 325 K?



  1. 10 grams of iron (c= 450 j/kg K)

  2. 10 grams of sand (c= 664 j/kg K)

  3. 10 grams of silver (c= 235 j/kg K)

  4. 10 grams of water (c= 4184 j/kg K)

_____ 47. Which of the following can result from thermal pollution?



  1. raised oxygen levels in heated water

  2. speeding up of biochemical processes in plants and animals

  3. boiling lakes cooking fish

  4. all of the above

_____ 48. Which of the following has the most thermal energy?



  1. a pot of boiling water

  2. the Arctic Ocean

  3. a cup of hot tea

  4. a hot tub

_____ 49. How much heat does it take to melt 100 grams of lead at its melting point?

A) 328 J B) 1740 J C) 2500 J D) 32 800 J
_____ 50. How much heat does it take to vaporize 50 g of ethyl alcohol at its boiling point?

A) 79 J B) 3950 J C) 42 750 J D) 85 500 J


_____ 51. Convert 70oC to Kelvins.

A) 70 K B) 140 K C) 210 K D) 343 K


_____ 52. Which of the following is absolute zero?

A) 0oC B) 0oF C) 273 K D) 0 K


_____ 53. Changing from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas requires:

A) specific heat B) volume C) energy D) money


_____ 54. The substance that has the most energy is

A) tap water B) ice C) ice water D) steam


_____ 55. Which of the following describes the particles of a liquid?

  1. extremely far apart

  2. able to expand without limit

  3. not free to move

  4. fairly close together

_____ 56. Which of the following describes the particles of a solid?



  1. are spread far apart

  2. are packed very close together

  3. can move more easily than the particles in other phases

  4. can flow around each other

_____ 57. Particles of which state of matter have the most kinetic energy?

A) solids B) liquids C) gases
2.02—Analyze the conservation of the total amount of energy, including heat

energy, in a closed system; the First Law of Thermodynamics



Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 6
_____ 58. A ________ changes heat energy into mechanical energy or work.

A) heat engine B) radiator C) combustion


_____ 59. Which of the following statements about a heat pump is true?

  1. In the summer, it moves heat from inside the house to outside and

in the winter, it moves heat from outside the house to inside.

  1. In the summer, it moves heat from inside the house to outside and

in the winter, it burns fuel.

  1. In the summer, it moves cold from outside the house to inside and

in the winter, it moves cold from inside the house to outside.

_____ 60. What unbalanced forces can cause some of the kinetic energy of a person swinging on a

playground swing to change into thermal energy?


  1. centripetal force and centrifugal force

  2. force of gravity and force of weight

  3. air resistance and friction


2.03—Analyze the second law of thermodynamics

Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 6
_____ 61. In what direction does heat flow?

  1. from warmer to cooler objects

  2. from cooler to warmer objects

  3. from more massive to less massive objects

  4. it depends on the situation

_____ 62. A ratio of the work output of a machine to the work input of a machine is called:



  1. power

  2. efficiency

  3. mechanical advantage




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