Physical Science Exam Review
GOAL 4: Develop an understanding of wave motion and the wave nature of sound
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- GOAL 5: Build an understanding of the structure and properties of matter.
- Review your labs on density.
- GOAL 6: Build an understanding of regularities in chemistry.
GOAL 4: Develop an understanding of wave motion and the wave nature of soundand light. Vocabulary: compressional wave, electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic spectrum, frequency, period, amplitude, wavelength, reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, Doppler effect, crest, trough, pitch, intensity, resonance, diffraction grating, opaque, translucent, transparent, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio waves, microwaves, photon 4.01—Analyze the characteristics of waves;
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapters 10 & 11 _____ 103. The kind of wave that has compressions and rarefactions is a/an ___ wave. A) compressional B) transverse C) interference D) intensity E) Doppler
A) compressional B) transverse C) interference D) intensity E) Doppler
A) wind B) water C) energy D) life _____ 106. A material through which a wave travels is called a/an A) trough B) medium C) compression D) interference _____ 107. Sound cannot travel in a ___. A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) vacuum _____ 108. The distance from the crest of a wave to the rest position of the wave is called the wave’s A) wavelength B) frequency C) trough D) amplitude _____ 109. A material through which a wave travels is called a/an A) trough B) medium C) compression D) interference _____ 110. Sound cannot travel in a ___. A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) vacuum _____ 111. The distance from the crest of a wave to the rest position of the wave is called the wave’s A) wavelength B) frequency C) trough D) amplitude _____ 112. Intensity is to loudness as frequency is to ___. A) volume B) pitch C) quality D) velocity _____ 113. If a sound with a wavelength of 2.2 meters has a frequency of 160 hertz, what the speed of sound in that medium? A) 0.01375 m/s B) 72.73 m/s C) 352 m/s D) 3 x 10 8 m/s
voice, making it sound really good to you, this is an example of A) reverberation B) interference C) resonance D) the Doppler effect
A) hertz B) decibel C) meter D) mel _____ 116. A wave in which the medium vibrates perpendicularly to the direction in which the wave is traveling is called a ___ wave. A) sound B) compressional C) transverse D) mechanical
A) the crest B) the trough C) the amplitude D) the frequency _____ 118. Electromagnetic waves are different from other kinds of waves because
_____ 119. Which of the following are listed in order from the lowest frequency to the highest frequency?
_____ 120. The electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths have the
4.02—Analyze the phenomena of reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction. Glencoe Physical Science: Chapters 10 & 14 _____ 121. the bouncing back of light waves A) interference when they strike a surface B) diffraction C) reflection _____ 122. the straight line bending of waves D) refraction when they go from one medium to another _____ 123. the curved bending of waves around the corner or corners of a barrier
combine and form a new wave _____ 125. We can see objects because light is ___ from them? A) refracted B) reflected C) diffracted D) absorbed _____ 126. the bouncing back of light waves when they strike a surface A) refraction _____ 127. the straight line bending of waves B) interference when they go from one medium to another C) diffraction _____ 128. the curved bending of waves around the corner or corners of a barrier D) reflection
combine and form a new wave _____ 130. Light waves that vibrate in only one plane are A) polarized B) virtual C) coherent D) real _____ 131. An object that reflects light and curves outward is called a
_____ 132. The kind of mirror like the sideview mirror on a car that reads “Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear” is a A) concave mirror B) convex mirror C) plane mirror _____ 133. Lenses form images by A) reflecting light B) refracting light C) diffracting light D) interfering with light
_____ 135. The lightbulb in a headlight, flashlight or spotlight is placed at the focal point of a ___. A) concave lens B) convex lens C) concave mirror D) convex mirror _____136. When parallel waves are sent into a concave surface, they all reflect back to the same point. What is this point called? A) the vertex B) the optical axis C) the focal point 4.03—Compare and contrast the frequency and wavelength of sound produced by a fixed source with a moving source of sound, the Doppler Effect. Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 11 _____ 137. When a sound source moves toward you, the sound’s
_____ 138. If a fire engine were moving toward you blowing its siren at a frequency of 560 hertz, which of the following is a possible frequency you might hear? A) 280 hertz B) 500 hertz C) 560 hertz D) 600 hertz _____ 139. The previous question is an example of the phenomenon known as the ___. A) red shift B) Doppler effect C) standing wave D) acoustic shift E) transverse effect
frequency of 460 hz, which of the following frequencies might you hear? A) 480 hz B) 440 hz C) 520 hz
mass number, atomic number, isotope, ion, chemical symbol, chemical formula, oxidation number, density, fusion, fission, alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray, element, compound, mixture, nucleus, electron cloud, radioactivity, half-life, physical property, chemical property, substance
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 17 _____ 141. The scientist credited with forming the theory that all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms is A) Dalton B) J.J. Thomson C) Rutherford D) Bohr
A) Dalton B) J.J. Thomson C) Rutherford D) Bohr _____ 143. The scientist who discovered the existence of a closely packed positive region of the atom that is now known at the nucleus is A) Dalton B) J.J. Thomson C) Rutherford D) Bohr
A) Dalton B) J.J. Thomson C) Rutherford D) Bohr _____ 145. The scientist credited with the idea of the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom is A) Dalton B) J.J. Thomson C) Rutherford D) Bohr
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 17 _____ 146. The number of outermost electrons determines the ___ of an element.
_____ 147. The negatively charged subatomic particle is the A) electron B) proton C) neutron
A) nucleon B) proton C) nucleus D) electron cloud _____ 149. What kind of charge does the center of an atom have?
_____ 150. The positively charged subatomic particle is the A) electron B) proton C) neutron
_____ 152. Which two subatomic particles have about the same mass?
_____ 153. Which two subatomic particles have equal but opposite charges?
_____ 154. The atomic number of an atom is the same as its number of _______. A) protons B) neutrons C) nucleons
_____ 156. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the
_____ 157. How many protons does an atom of oxygen have? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
at any time is described today as
_____ 159. Which electrons in an atom have the most energy?
_____ 160. Different distances from the nucleus of an atom are called
_____ 161. How many electrons can be in the first energy level of an atom at one time? A) 2 B) 8 C) 10 D) 18
A) atoms B) nucleons C) quarks _____ 163. The small particles made up of electrons, neutrons and protons are called __. A) atoms B) nucleons C) quarks _____ 164. How many kinds of quarks are there? A) 2 B) 3 C) 6 _____ 165. How many electrons, protons and neutrons are found in a neutral atom of fluorine?
_____ 166. Which of the following lists the particles in order from smallest to largest?
5.03—Describe radioactivity and its practical application as an alternative energy source;
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 20 – you’ll need your book to look these up _____ 167. The process that takes place to produce heat in a nuclear power plant is
_____ 168. Why is nuclear fusion not used as an energy resource today?
_____ 169. What is burned in a nuclear power plant? A) uranium B) coal C) oil D) nothing is burned _____ 170. A nuclear reaction produces a great deal of A) heat B) smog C) sound D) light _____ 171. If the half life of a substance is 15 minutes and you start with a sample of 8 grams, how much of the substance will be left in 45 minutes? A) 4 grams B) 2.7 grams C) 2 grams
the original sample remains? A) 6.24 years B) 50 years C) 100 years
cause more nuclei to split and give off particles which then bombard other nuclei until many nuclei are being split and much energy is released is called A) nuclear fission B) nuclear fusion C) a chain reaction _____ 174. The joining of two smaller nuclei to form one larger nucleus with energy given off is called A) nuclear fission B) nuclear fusion C) a chain reaction
A) nuclear fission B) nuclear fusion C) a chain reaction _____ 176. The process that fuels stars like the sun is A) nuclear fission B) nuclear fusion C) a chain reaction _____ 177. Which of the following is a synthetic element?
_____ 178. Which of the following elements is found only in a radioactive form? A) astatine B) tungsten C) neodyminium D) promethium
180. The type of radiation that consists of two protons and two neutrons is _______________________ radiation. 181. The type of radiation that consists of a high speed electron coming out of a nucleus is _____________________ radiation. 182. The type of radiation that is an electromagnetic wave is ________________________ radiation. 5.04—Assess the use of physical properties in identifying substances:
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapters 1, 6, 15 _____ 183. Which of the following is a derived unit? A) gram B) kilogram C) meter D) g/cm3
copper?
185. The density of mercury is 13.5 g/mL. What volume will 40.5 g of mercury occupy? Review your labs on density. _____186. If a material cannot be separated into basic parts by physical means it is called A) a substance B) a mixture C) a colloid _____ 187. A material that is made of two or more substances that can be separated by a physical process is called A) a substance B) a mixture C) an element D) a compound
material is can be called a A) chemical property B) physical property C) scientific law
5.05—Analyze the formation of simple inorganic compounds from elements. Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 20 _____190. The chemical formula for a compound made of two atoms of nitrogen and five atoms of oxygen is A) 2NiO5 B) N2O5 C) Ni2O5 D) N5O2
following is the correct formula for sodium bicarbonate? A) NaCO3 B) Na2CO3 C) NaHCO3 D) Na2HCO3 _____ 192. Which of the following is the correct formula for potassium chloride? A) PCl B) KCl C) K2Cl D) KCl2 _____ 193. Which of the following is the correct name of Fe2O3?
_____194. Which of the following is the correct name of NaNO3?
_____ 195. Which of the following is the correct formula for calcium sulfide? A) CaSO4 B) Ca2S C) Ca2SO4 D) CaS _____ 196. Which of the following is the correct formula for aluminum chloride? A) AlCl B) AlCl2 C) AlCl3 D) Al2Cl3 _____ 197. Which of the following are binary compounds?
_____ 198. Compounds that have water attached to their ions are called
_____ 199. The name of Cu2O is ____.
5.06—Analyze the periodic trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements. Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 19 _____200. How many electrons are in the outer energy level of all noble gasses except helium? A) 2 B) 8 C) 18 D) 32 _____ 201. When forming table salt, which element gains an electron? A) sodium chloride B) sodium C) chlorine _____ 202. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of an atom of aluminum? A) 0 B) 13 C) 14 D) 27 _____ 203. Which of the following elements is in the same family as chlorine? A) iodine B) argon C) sulfur D) neon _____ 204. Which of the following is a metal? A) sodium B) sulfur C) silicon D) bromine _____ 205. The type of bond that usually forms between two nonmetals is A) ionic B) covalent C) metallic _____ 206. The type of bond that usually forms between a metal and a nonmetal is A) ionic B) covalent C) metallic _____ 207. The three transition metals that make up the “iron triad” are
_____ 208. The one thing that sets the iron triad apart from all the other metals is
_____ 209. A metal found in a compound in the earth’s crust is known as a/an A) mineral B) ore C) vein D) cobalt
A) iron B) aluminum C) gold _____ 211. In what state are most nonmetals at room temperature? A) solid B) liquid C) gas _____ 212. Which element is the most chemically active nonmetal? A) oxygen B) chlorine C) fluorine D) neon _____ 213. When hydrogen burns, what is the product?
_____ 214. Which nonmetal is a liquid at room temperature? A) mercury B) iodine C) bromine D) radon
A) chlorine B) fluorine C) bromine D) iodine _____ 216. How many elements in the boron group are NOT metals? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 _____ 217. Because they are the same element but have different molecular structures and different properties, graphite, charcoal and diamond are ____ of carbon. A) isotopes B) isomers C) allotropes
_____ 219. The only metal in the nitrogen group is A) arsenic B) antimony C) bismuth D) nitrogen
_____ 221. A family of elements that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the __.
GOAL 6: Build an understanding of regularities in chemistry. Vocabulary: polymer, oxidation number, single replacement, double replacement, synthesis, combustion, decomposition, pressure, volume, solution, solute, solvent, solubility, precipitate, electrolyte, acid, base, pH, ionization 6.01—Identify and classify the common chemical reactions that occur in our physical environment and in our bodies:
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapters 20 & 21 _____222. A plastic is an example of a/an A) alloy B) glass C) polymer D) ceramic _____ 223. Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer? A) nylon B) silk C) polyester D) HDPE _____ 224. A source of the materials used to make plastics is ____. A) clay B) ore C) petroleum D) synthetic fiber _____ 225. ____ is a natural protein polymer. A) nylon B) polyethylene C) Teflon D) silk _____ 226. A protein is a polymer made up of monomers called
_____ 227. Which of the following are polymers?
_____ 228. The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a __
_____ 229. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is __.
_____ 230. What is the most common oxidation number of oxygen? A) +1 B) +2 C) -1 D) -2
electrons? A) magnesium B) sulfur C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
types:
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 21
_____232. One element replaces another in a compound. _____ 233. A substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances. _____ 234. A precipitate, water or a gas forms when two ionic compounds are dissolved in a solution. _____ 235. Two or more substances combine to form another substance. _____ 236. C12H22O11 (cr) 12C (cr) + 11H2O (g) _____ 237. Zn (cr) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) _____ 238. NiCl2 (cr) Ni (cr) + Cl2 (g) _____ 239. BaCl2 (aq) + 2KIO3 (aq) Ba(IO3)2 (cr) + 2KCl (aq) _____ 240. 4C (s) + 6H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2C2H6O (s) _____ 241. Each substance on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a __. A) reactant B) product C) coefficient D) catalyst _____ 242. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation? A) AgNO3 + NaCl 4AgCl + 2 NaNO3 B) 2AgNO3 + 2NaCl 3AgCl + 2NaNO3 C) AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 D) AgNO3 + 2NaCl AgCl + 3NaNO3
correct order are ___ Ca + ___ H2O ___ Ca(OH)2 + ___ H2 A) 1,1,1,1 B) 1,2,1,1 C) 1,2,1,2 D) 1,1,1,2 _____ 244. When the following chemical equation is balanced, the coefficients in the correct order are ___ Fe + ___ O2 ___ Fe2O3 A) 1, 2, 1 B) 2, 3, 1 C) 1,2,3 D) 4, 3, 2 _____ 245. When AgNO3 and NaI are reacted to produce NaNO3 and AgI, the reactant are
6.03—Measure temperature, pressure and volume of gases and assess their interrelationship:
Glencoe Physical Science: Chapter 16 _____246. As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will ___, if the pressure remains constant. A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same
200 K, what will its volume be at 300 K? A) 67 mL B) 150 mL C) 200 mL D) 600 mL
what pressure will it exert in a volume of 500 mL? A) 500 kPa B) 200 kPa C) 100 kPa D) 20 kPa
volume be at 600 K? A) 33 mL B) 300 mL C) 1200 mL D) 800 mL
holding the pressure constant, what will happen?
_____ 251. According to Boyle’s Law, if you want to decrease the pressure of a gas, what do you need to do?
6.04—Analyze aqueous solutions and solubility:
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