Pathology of the urinary system

2) Renal hypoplasia 

 

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a rare condition which is difficult to clinically diagnose in mild cases; 

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can be confused grossly with renal dysplasia or renal fibrosis; 

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can be uni- or bilateral; a correct diagnosis requires a reduction of renal size by at least 50% or a 

reduction of total renal mass by at least one-third; 

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bilateral renal hypoplasia usually progresses into renal failure. 

 

 

3) Ectopic kidneys

 

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most commonly seen in pigs and dogs; 

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refers to normal kidneys in abnormal locations; can be unilateral or bilateral; 

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can be found in pelvic or inguinal region; 

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ectopic kidneys have normal function but are prone to ureter obstruction and subsequent 

hydronephrosis.