gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro savargulebis daxasiaTeba
gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro garemos Semqmneli ZiriTadi Tvisebebi, romlebic uSualod gamovlindeba tyis fondis savargulebSi, Semdegia:
-
tyis jiSebis Sedgeniloba da zonaluri gavrceleba, mcenareuli safaris zonaluroba – rogorc gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis indikatori;
-
koromTa Sedgeniloba, gabatonebuli jiSebi, tyis tipebi – gareuli cxovelebis TavSesafaris pirobebis ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTebeli;
-
nayofis momcemi tyisa da qvetyis jiSebi – gareuli cxovelebis sakvebis maragis potencialis ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTebeli;
-
xnovanebis klasebi – nayofierebis unari da koromis suqcesiuri stadia;
-
sixSire – savargulebis mozaikurobis da saerTo maragis ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTebeli;
-
nayofierebis periodizmi da mosavlianoba;
-
tyeebis zrdisa da gavrcelebis azonaluri da zonaluri pirobebi. gareuli cxovelebis gavrcelebis, gansaxlebis da staciebSi ganTavsebis vertikalur – zonaluri diapazonis ganmsazRvreli maxasiaTeblebi.
tyis fondis savargulebis farTobebis eqsplikacia nayofis momcemi da sakvebis maragis Semqmneli jiSebis mixedviT
cxrili #2
#
|
dasaxeleba
|
farTobi (ha)
|
%
|
1
|
wifeli
|
37 726
|
51.7
|
2
|
muxa
|
9 553
|
13.5
|
3
|
wabli
|
858
|
1.2
|
4
|
akacia
|
5
|
0.01
|
5
|
panta
|
24
|
0.03
|
6
|
kakali
|
8
|
0.01
|
7
|
Txili
|
9
|
0.01
|
8
|
maJalo
|
1
|
-
|
9
|
Sindi
|
8
|
0.01
|
10
|
wyavi
|
1 236
|
1.7
|
11
|
soWi
|
11 517
|
15.8
|
12
|
naZvi
|
501
|
0.7
|
13
|
fiWvi
|
2 139
|
2.9
|
14
|
nekerCxali
|
430
|
0.6
|
15
|
ifani
|
14
|
0.02
|
16
|
jagrcxila
|
408
|
0.6
|
17
|
Txmela
|
730
|
0.9
|
18
|
aryi
|
267
|
0.4
|
19
|
verxvi
|
350
|
0.5
|
20
|
alvis xe
|
5
|
0.01
|
21
|
cacxvi
|
288
|
0.4
|
22
|
tirifi
|
47
|
0.05
|
23
|
Eyori
|
9
|
0.01
|
24
|
Sqeri
|
354
|
0.5
|
25
|
ieli
|
1
|
-
|
26
|
deka
|
128
|
0.2
|
|
sul
|
73 019
|
100
|
tyis fondis savargulebis arasatyeo miwebis farTobebis eqsplikacia
cxrili #3
#
|
dasaxleba
|
farTobi (ha)
|
%
|
1
|
velobi
|
77
|
3.7
|
2
|
saxnavi
|
2
|
0.1
|
3
|
saTibi
|
105
|
5
|
4
|
saZovari
|
1181
|
53.4
|
5
|
wylebi
|
42
|
2.
|
6
|
baRebi
|
19
|
0.9
|
7
|
gzebi
|
39
|
1.8
|
8
|
sakarmidamo
|
1
|
0.05
|
9
|
sxva miwebi
|
686
|
33.05
|
|
sul
|
2075
|
100
|
tyis jiSebis farTobebis eqsplikacia xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT
cxrili #4
#
|
dasaxeleba
|
xnovanebis jgufebi (ha)
|
axal-gazrda
|
Sua xnovani
|
momwifari
|
mwife
|
sul
|
%
|
1
|
magarmerqniani foTlovani
|
6 586
|
24 272
|
5 573
|
17 704
|
54 135
|
74.1
|
2
|
wiwviani
|
1 344
|
3 904
|
1 288
|
7 620
|
14 156
|
19.4
|
3
|
rbilmerqniani foTlovani
|
119
|
583
|
476
|
514
|
1 692
|
2.3
|
4
|
sxva jiSebi
|
621
|
522
|
107
|
58
|
1 308
|
1.8
|
5
|
buCqnarebi
|
21
|
302
|
780
|
545
|
1 728
|
2.4
|
|
sul
|
8 691
|
26 663
|
8 224
|
26 441
|
73 019
|
100
|
|
%
|
11.8
|
40.6
|
11.3
|
36.3
|
100
|
|
|
qvetye warmodgenilia, rogorc foTolmcveni, ise maradmwvane tye- buCqnari jiSebiT, romelTagan meti wili nayofis momcemia da qmnis gareuli cxovelebisTvis mniSvnelovan sakvebis marags. meores mxriv, xSiri maradmwvane qvetye Zalian maRal xarisxs aniWebs savargulebs, rogorc gareuli cxovelebis TavSesafars. qvetyeSi warmodgenilia panta, maJalo, Txili, wiTeli da Savi kuneli, askili, mayvali, mocvi, wyavi, Sindi, Sqeri, Wyori, ieli, deka. mxviara mcenareebidan nayofismomcemia suro da ekalRiWi. balaxis safarSi warmodgenilia: isli, wivana, Zigva, barispira, nemsiwvera, duci, Wyimi, diyi, gvirila, saTiTura, SroSani, kenkeSa, mTis Caduna, gvimra, Tivaqasra, giganturi wbila, CitisTvala, TeTrZira, xarisTvala. da sxva.
tyis fondis savargulebis farTobebis eqsplikacia ferdobebis daqanebis mixedviT.
cxrili #5
#
|
ferdobis daqaneba
|
farTobi (ha)
|
%
|
1
|
0-50
|
175
|
0,2
|
2
|
6-150
|
6106
|
8,4
|
3
|
16-200
|
10545
|
14,4
|
4
|
21-250
|
14456
|
19,8
|
5
|
26-300
|
14741
|
20,2
|
6
|
31-450
|
26996
|
37,0
|
|
sul
|
73019
|
100
|
tyis fondis savargulebis warmodgenili ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, gareuli cxovelebis sabinadro garemos Semqmneli Tvisebebis mxriv gamoirCeva Zalian maRali xarisxiT, magram am savargulebSi ar aris aRniSnuli maTi Tvisebebis da xarisxis gareuli cxovelebis ricxovnoba da dasaxlebis simWidrove. am sakiTxSi gasarkvevad saWiro gaxda gareuli cxovelebis ricxovnobis da dasaxlebis simWidrovis malimitebeli zonaluri da azonaluri faqtorebis gamovlena, romlebic amZafreben gareuli cxovelebis arsebobis pirobebs.
gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebis arsebobisaTvis Tovlis safaris simaRlis kritikuli zRvari:
cxrili #6
#
|
saxeoba
|
Tovlis safaris simaRle (sm)
|
moZraoben
|
moZraoba SezRudulia
|
moZraoba SeuZlebelia
|
1
|
iremi Ad
|
30-40
|
50-60
|
80-100
|
iremi Juv
|
15-20
|
30-40
|
50-60
|
2
|
SveliAAd
|
20-30
|
30-40
|
60-80
|
Sveli Juv
|
10-15
|
20-25
|
30-50
|
2
|
jixvi Ad
|
25-30
|
40-50
|
70-90
|
jixvi Juv
|
15-20
|
25-30
|
40-50
|
2
|
arCvi Ad
|
20-30
|
40-45
|
60-80
|
arCvi Juv
|
10-15
|
20-30
|
40-50
|
2
|
gareuli Rori Ad
|
20-30
|
30-45
|
70-100
|
gareuli Rori Juv
|
10-15
|
20-25
|
30-40
|
gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebi moipoveben Tovlis safaris qveS moqceul sakvebs Semdegi zRvruli siRrmeebis farglebSi:
-
Sveli _ ara umetes 15 sm;
-
jixvi _ ara umetes 30-40 sm;
-
iremi _ ara umetes 20-30 sm;
-
arCvi _ ara umetes 20 sm;
-
gareuli Rori _ ara umetes 40-50 sm, gaWirvebiT 60-70 sm siRrmidan.
gareuli cxovelebi maRali, kritikuli Tovlis safaris pirobebSi advilad xelmisawvdomi xdebian mtaceblebisaTvis.
gareuli cxovelebis woniTi datvirTva nakvalevze (grami/sm2), kidurebis ZiriTadi da damatebiTi sayrdeni farTobis mixedviT.
cxrili 7
#
|
saxeoba
|
woniTi datvirTva nakvalevze g/sm2
|
1
|
daTvi
|
140 – 185
|
2
|
mgeli
|
100 – 110
|
3
|
mela
|
40 – 45
|
4
|
focxveri
|
35 – 50
|
5
|
tyis kata
|
90 – 120
|
6
|
wyavi
|
45 – 50
|
7
|
dedofala
|
5 – 6
|
8
|
kverna
|
20 – 25
|
9
|
jixvi
|
600 – 650
|
10
|
arCvi
|
190 – 200
|
11
|
iremi
|
400 – 490
|
12
|
Sveli
|
300 – 360
|
13
|
gareuli Rori
|
850 – 900
|
14
|
kurdReli
|
35 – 40
|
15
|
mRrRnelebi
|
25 - 30
|
warmodgenili maCveneblebis mixedviT, maRali Tovlis pirobebSi, mtaceblebi advilad moipoveben gareul Cliqosan cxovelebs, vinaidan mtaceblebis woniTi datvirTva 3 - 7 jer naklebia, vidre Cliqosani cxovelebisa.
meore azonaluri faqtori, romelsac gaaCnia gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebisTvis malimitebeli efeqti, aris ferdobis daqaneba. sakvlevi teritoriis 43 % mdebareobs 250 – ze naklebi daxrilobis ferdobebze, xolo 57 % mdebareobs 26 – 450 daqanebis ferdobebze.
Sua tyis zonis Cliqosani cxovelebisTvis (Sveli, iremi, gareuli Rori) malimitirebeli mniSvneloba aqvs ferdobis daxrilobis 300 maCvenebels. isini normalurad binadroben 10 – 250 – mde daqanebis ferdobebze, epizodurad 26 – 300 ian daqanebis ferdobebze da eridebian 300 - sze meti daxrilobis ferdobze binadrobas.
maRal mTaSi mobinadre gareuli Cliqosani cxovelebi (jixvi da arCvi), Tavisi bio – fiziologiuri TvisebebiT adaptirebulni arian didi daqanebis ferdobebis pirobebSi arsebobisaTvis. maTTvis am faqtors gadamwyveti malimitirebeli mniSvneloba ar aqvs.
Sua tyis zonis gareuli cxovelebis vertikalur - zonaluri adgilgadanacvlebis diapazonia 1000 – 2500 m/zRvis donidan, xolo maRali mTis cxovelTa 1500-3000 m adgilgadanacvlebis manZili saSualod 10 – 25 kilometrs Seadgens.
zamTris eqstremalur pirobebSi, gareuli cxovelebis koncentrireba xdeba zamTris sadgom farTobebze, rac Seadgens maTi sazafxulo sabinadro savargulebis 10-40%, amis gamo isini advilad xelmisawvdomni xdebian mtacebeli nadirisa da brakonierebisaTvis.
gareuli cxovelebis resursebis dacvis, SenarCunebis da aRwarmoebisaTvis saWirod migvaCnia zamTris gadarCenis staciebis bioteqnikuri keTilmowyoba, damatebiTi sakvebi maragis xelovnuri Seqmna, gareuli cxovelebis dacva brakonierebisagan.
niadagebi
ambrolauris raionis reliefi, qvefenili qanebi, mcenareuli safari da klimaturi pirobebi (adamianis sameurneo moqmedebasTan erTad) gansazRvraven niadaguri safaris nairgvarobas. raionSi, mTa-goriani reliefis pirobebSi gavrcelebulia mTa-mdelos alpuri da subalpuri niadagebi. maT qveda zolSi gamoyofilia yomrali da kordian-karbonatuli niadagebi. isini erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian xirxatianobiT, Camorecxvis xarisxiTa da qimiuri maCveneblebiT. mdinareTa terasebze mcire gavrcelebiT xasiaTdeba aluviuri niadagebi.
mTa-mdelos niadagebi
vertikaluri zonalobis sqemaSi mTa-mdeloTa niadagebs ukavia yvelaze maRali pozicia kavkasionis maRalmTian mxareSi. isini viTardebian maRalmTiani mxareebis subalpur da alpur zonaSi sqeli balaxovani mcenareulobis qveS da zemodan sazRvraven mTa-tyeTa niadagebs. vertikaluri gavrcelebiT maT ukaviaT z. d. 1800-2000 m-dan 2800-3000 m-mde sartyeli.
meqanikuri analizis monacemebiT niadagi mZime Tixnaria. fizikuri Tixis (<0,01 mm) maCvenebeli 42,3-50,4%-s Seadgens. lamis fraqcia dabalia da 9-16%-s ar aRemateba. higroskopuli wyali profilSi 2,5-4,2%-ia. humusis SemcvelobiT niadagi Raribia da misi raodenoba 1,9-2,1%-s ar aRemateba. iSviaTad, calkeuli nakveTebi uzrunvelyofilia humusiT 8%-is odenobiT. saerTo azoti korelaciur kavSirSi imyofeba humusTan da 0,11-0,37%-s Soris cvalebadobs. mcenarisaTvis SesaTvisebeli xsnadi fosforiT niadagi Raribia. profilSi misi maCvenebelia 0,7-12,7 mg/100 gr niadagze. Raribia niadagi moZravi kaliumis SemcvelobiTac da 7,1-8,7 mg-s Seadgens. gamonakliss warmoadgens humusiT uzrunvelyofili konturebi, sadac kaliumi 36% mg-s aRemateba. STanTqmul fuZeTa jami dabalia. maTi maCvenebeli 16,2-16,5 mil. eqv-is tolia.
yomrali niadagebi
ambrolauris raionSi yomrali niadagebi gavrcelebulia mTa-goriani rTuli reliefis pirobebSi (borcvebiT, xeobebiT, qedebiT, daxrili ferdobebiTa da sxv.), rac gamowveulia regionis rTuli geologiuri agebulebiT, qanebis liTologiuri SedgenilobiT.
miwaTmoqmedebaSi ambrolauris raionis yomral niadagebs didi gamoyeneba aqvs. naklebad danawevrebul zeganisebur reliefze gavrcelebulia didi da saSualo sisqis niadagebi, romlebic aTvisebulia erTwliani da mravalwliani kulturebiT. saxnavebad aris gamoyenebuli mcire sisqis niadagebis nawili. mcire da saSualo sisqis, sxvadasxva xarisxiT Camorecxili niadagebi ukavia saTibebs da saZovrebs. sakmaod didi farTobi dakavebulia tye-buCqnarebiT.
Qambrolauris raionSi gavrcelebulia umetesad Tixnari yomralebi. meqanikuri Sedgenilobis mixedviT, niadagis sxvadasxva nakveTebSi fizikuri Tixis (<0,01 mm) maCveneblebi 25-50%-s Soris cvalebadobs. calkeuli profilebi mZime meqanikuri Sedgenilobisaa _ fizikuri Tixa 51-82%-s Soris meryeobs (msubuqi da saSualo Tixa). lamis fraqcia did farglebSi cvalebadobs. higroskopiuli wyali profilSi 1,7-8,4%-is farglebSia. yomrali niadagi umetesad mcire humusiania. akumulaciur horizontSi misi maCvenebeli 1-4%-ia, siRrmiT mkveTrad ecema. maRalhumusian nakveTebSi 5-8%-s Seadgens da eluviur horizontSic 2-4%-is odenobiTaa. zogan humusiani horizonti Camorecxvis gamo mxolod nawilobrivaa gavrcelebuli. humusTan korelaciur kavSirSia saerTo azoti, romelic profilSi 0,13-0,39%-s Soris cvalebadobs.
Qtyis yomrali niadagebis gavrcelebis areSi zedapiruli erozia Zlieraa ganviTarebuli. amitom eroziis winaaRmdeg brZolas didi yuradReba eqceva. niadagis damuSavebis swor sistemasTan erTad (gardigardmo moxvna, naTesebis dajvaredineba da sxv.), mniSvneloba aqvs tyis meurneobis swor organizacias da eqspluatacias, wyaldamWeri da wyalgamtari kvlebis mowyobasa da niadagsafari kulturebis gaSenebas.
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