Mavzu: Mulohazalar va ular ustida amallar. Predikatlar, kvantorlar. Reja

2^ De Morgan (Augustus de Morgan (1806 - 1871) – British Mathematician.

3^ Stephen Cole Kleene (1909-1994) – American Mathematician

4^ Mathematical Literacy for Humanists, Herbert Gintis, p.p.8-9-betlarning mazmun, mohiyatidan foydalanildi.

5^ Mathematical Literacy for Humanists, Herbert Gintis, p.p.9-10- betlarning mazmun, mohiyatidan foydalanildi.

6^ Қад. юн. σόφισμα - ҳийла

7^ Қад. юн. παράδοξος - кутилмаган, ғалати