Masterplanning the Adaptive City

networks 3, 7–13, 26, 31, 35–7, 45, 59, 61, 68–73,
97, 100, 105, 120, 142, 144, 147–8, 150, 
170–1, 187, 190, 193, 195–6, 225, 227, 230; 
and globalization 7–13, 36–7, 230; and
connectivity 26, 31, 45, 65–73, 100, 105, 125–6,
147, 193, 195
New Babylon 15
New Urbanism 12, 14, 25, 89
New York 25, 31, 34–6, 40, 156, 
Nieuwenhuys, C 15
Obrist, H U 12, 55, 57, 63, 
obsolescence xiii, 2–3, 36, 50–52, 54, 60, 62–3,
92–3, 196, 214–19, 223–35, 271
Obuchi, Y xiii, 180, 
OCEAN CN Consultancy Network 132–4, 151,
158–165, 198–204, 253–265, 284–5, 288
organic 13–5, 17–8, 32, 41, 50–1, 59, 61–3, 65, 76,
90, 109, 124, 129, 151, 178, 194–5, 227, 232, 248, 
organism 15, 17, 21, 33, 64, 70, 76, 103–4, 106, 109,
113, 124, 142, 154, 171, 173, 175, 178, 195, 
optimization 33, 87, 108, 175–80, 191, 206, 224
optioneering 162, 168, 175–80, 192
Otto, F 9, 13, 87, 109, 145, 181, 226
paradigm 1, 3, 7, 11–8, 32, 34, 38, 54, 56, 58, 61–4,
76–7, 85–113, 121, 145, 150–1, 162, 172, 178,
181, 186, 190, 192, 195, 197, 223, 225–8, 231,
233, 270 
parametric xiii, 16, 48, 51, 53, 94, 106–13, 118–22,
123–4, 132, 141–8, 151, 158–61, 168, 179, 
180–3, 186–92, 197; parametric design 16, 
51, 53, 94, 106, 118, 124, 141–8, 179, 180–3, 
197; parametric modeling 51, 141–7, 237;
Parametric Urbanism xiii, 53, 118–21, 168,
180–3, 186–92; Parametricism 118–22, 181–2
Paris 17, 31–2, 34, 49, 54, 71, 88
Pask, G 93, 103, 106, 170
pattern xii, 8, 11, 21, 25, 30, 37, 56, 58, 62–4, 73, 87,
91–2, 96–7, 100, 102, 105–13, 121–4, 129, 143,
147, 150, 155, 166, 169, 174–5, 179–83, 190,
201–23, 216, 218, 228, 
Perez-Gomez, A 32
performance 1, 3, 8, 33, 51, 58, 61, 94, 100,
103–108, 124–6, 141–51, 156, 173–79, 224–7,
233, 246, 269
planning xi, xii, 1–3, 13, 17–18, 23–4, 28, 41, 46, 
50, 63–4, 68, 71–2, 75–6, 78, 80–4, 87–113,
121–4, 129, 135, 141–51, 153–7, 162, 168–83,
186–92, 194, 198, 205, 209, 214, 237, 248, 252,
259, 266; and emergence 2–3, 87–92, 153–7,
186; organic planning 232; planned and
unplanned urbanism 3, 28, 40–7, 68–74, 87–9,
106, 206, 273
Plasma Studio 82–4, 288
Poincaré, H 92, 227
politics xi, 1–2, 101, 17, 20–2, 25, 27, 31, 40–47,
48–9, 51–2, 73, 78–9, 87, 96–7, 113, 119, 143,
157, 169, 183, 195, 253, 273
population xi, xii, 1, 7, 10, 13–7, 21, 29, 33–4, 36–7,
46, 48, 55–6, 61–2, 75–7, 88, 99, 150, 190, 194–5,
233, 259
prediction 10, 13–4, 35, 44, 61, 65, 92–96, 102–3,
105, 107, 109, 11, 119, 121, 123–4, 145–8, 150–1,
171, 182, 192, 226, 230, 266, 269, 271; and the
economy 10, 24, 96, and masterplanning 13–4,
61, 65, 92–4, 102–3, 105, 119, 121, 123–4, 145–8,
226, 230
prototype 17, 33, 54, 124, 132, 183, 196, 223–6, 230;
as design methodology 124; prototyping
technologies 223–6; urban prototype 17, 33,
54, 124, 182
Pryor, M 75–9, 285
rapid urbanization xiii, 1, 23, 29, 33, 48–9, 54, 56,
58, 75, 126–7, 158, 177, 268
Reas, C 173
Robbins, F xiv, 132, 158, 162, 288
Rocker-Lange Architects 162, 165–7, 288
Rome 8, 14, 31, 60, 71, 153; Roman System of city
building (Vitruvius) 8, 14, 
Rossi, A 18, 156, 227, 
Rousseau, J-J 16
Rudofsky, B 88
rural 7, 13, 16, 31, 33, 55–57, 62, 78 142, 193
Ruskin, J 32, 141, 
Rykwert, J 8
Sassens, S 1, 10–11, 57; global city 1, 10–11, 57,
105; transnational urban systems 10, 20
Schumacher, P xiii, 118–22, 129, 178, 180–1,
187–8, 190–1, 231
science(s) 2–3, 15, 16, 21, 32, 53, 62, 91–2, 94–6,
100, 103–5, 107-8, 112, 133, 142, 173, 178, 192;
biology 12, 14–5, 17–8, 61–4, 77, 91, 99, 104–5,
113, 145, 169, 173, 178–9, 186, 190–2, 195, 227,
253; complexity science 2–3,15, 105, 112;
computer science 2, 103, 107–8, 178; material
science 143; modern science 15, 32, 62;
natural science 3,15, 112; normal science and
revolutionary science 23; social science 151;
philosophy of 94
science fiction 59
sedentary settlements 7–8; and hunting and
gathering 7–8
self-organisation xii, 11–15, 35, 57, 62, 88–91,
103–5, 120, 143–4, 182, 191, 235
Sim City 124, 150, 271
Simendon, G 225
Simon, H A 99
Singapore 29, 35, 121–3, 129–30, 187–9, 
Shirdel, B xiii, 226, 
Shenzhen xiv, 39, 56, 80, 88, 92–3, 132, 158, 165,
197, 237, 253, 259 
Shanghai 29–30, 58–9, 63, 195, 230
shape grammar 169
Shaviro, S 10–1, 13–4, 35, 150, 
Solomon, J D xiii, 59, 68–74, 150, 259
Soros, G 97
Soria y Mata, A 17, 88; The Linear City 17, 88
Southern China Metropolis 56–7
space xi, xii, 2, 8–11, 15, 20–2, 29–30, 32, 34–5,
40–1, 46, 50–1, 58–9, 62–3, 68–74, 82, 88–90,
99–100, 102, 107–9, 111–3, 118–21, 123, 126,
128, 136, 141–51, 153–6, 165–6, 168–77, 182,
186, 195–6, 206, 223, 227–8, 230, 232; and
differentiation 11, 99–100, 102, 111–3, 136,
142–51, 166, and hierarchy 8, 10–11, 14–5, 21,
294
INDEX

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30, 62, 71, 89, 100, 111, 145, 150, 179, 183, 209,
227; of flows 10, 35, 50, 59, 68–74, 126, 149,
153; heterogeneous space 11, 25–6, 63, 72–3,
99–100, 102, 107, 109, 111–3, 142, 166, 181, 186,
196, 206, 223, 226, 269; homogeneous space
11, 23, 26, 44, 54, 57–8, 72, 113, 267; Cartesian
space xii, 227; Computational space 99, 109,
111–3, 141–51, 168–77, 186, 206, 223, 227, 230;
modernist space 15, 18, 23, 32, 34–5, 54–5, 57,
59, 62–3, 88–90, 108–9, 113, 118–21, 171, 179,
181, 195, 230, 267–8; public space xi, 22, 29,
34, 46, 68, 70–4, 123, 126, 136, 165; political
space 22, 35, 128, 186, 195; urban space 8,
10–1, 21, 51, 64, 68–74, 111, 144–7, 182, 228,
232
Space Syntax 147
Spuybroek, L 113, 143–4, 225
standardization 1, 3, 16, 26, 28, 32, 34, 54, 57, 105,
118–20, 151, 162, 176, 196, 223–6, 231, 267;
nonstandardization 223–6, 267
Steele, B xiii, 266–72, 285
Stiny, G 169
Su, Y S 193–7, 198, 285, 289
sustainability xi, 21, 24, 37, 50, 52, 54, 60–1, 75–8,
80, 82, 126–8, 136, 186–7, 233, 235, 259, 268
Tafuri, M 31, 33, 153–4, 223, 
Taleb, N 96
tabula rasa xi, 28, 30, 35, 54–8, 60, 76, 91, 124, 194,
235, 268, 272
Tange, K 63
Technology i, xii, 1, 3, 7, 9–18, 20–2, 31–2, 48, 50–2,
56–7, 59–65, 77–8, 89, 92–7, 99, 106, 118–9,
123–8, 141, 144–5, 162, 168–83, 186–93, 196,
214, 223–34, 267, 273; as infrastructure 3, 7,
9–13, 16–8, 57, 97; design technology i, xii, 3,
9–13, 20–2, 51–2, 92–6, 105–6, 118–19, 141,
144–5, 147, 150, 168–183, 196, 214, 223, 228,
231, 267, 271, 273; information technology 7,
10–11, 16–8, 20–2, 95; production technology
12; prototyping technology 141–151, 168–83,
186–92, 198, 214, 223–34, 238
Thermodynamics 91, 100, 
Terzidis, K 107–9, 145, 147, 150, 168–9, 191
Thom, R 91
Thompson, D’Arcy W 144, 
Tigris River 7
Timbuktu 36–7
Tokyo 34–5, 56, 
Topography 9, 68, 87–8, 110, 130–1, 135–8, 141,
147, 151, 171, 180–1, 188, 218–9, 234, 253, 267
topology 8, 141–3, 161–2, 196, 226–30, 270
transformation 2, 12, 15, 17, 20–1, 25, 31, 34, 41,
44, 46–7, 56, 64–5, 75–6, 91, 94, 100, 104, 109,
112–3, 121–2, 133, 150, 162–3, 168–9, 209, 212,
223, 226–30, 235, 248, 267–8, 273
Trummer, P 153–7, 209–13, 227, 284, 286
Turing, A 178, 267
Typology 30, 35, 132–3, 141, 159, 162, 165, 194,
198, 201, 205, 209, 212, 223, 226–30, 237–8
Unger, R M 113
University of Hong Kong i, xiii, 74, 92–3, 99,
101–2, 110–1, 147, 149, 170–1, 174–5, 177, 179,
182–3, 214–9, 224–6, 228, 230–2, 234, 259–65,
284
urban: urban change 2, 12, 15, 17, 20–1, 25, 31, 34,
41, 44, 46–7, 56, 64–5, 75-6, 91, 94, 100, 104, 109,
112–3, 121–2, 133, 150, 162–3, 168–9, 209, 212,
223, 226–30, 235, 248, 267–8, 273; urban
complexity xi–xii, 1–3, 8, 12–13, 15, 20–1, 23–4,
27, 30, 36, 41–7, 52, 59–65, 68, 75, 78–9, 84,
88–91, 96, 99–114, 118–20, 122, 124, 129,
142–51, 153, 162, 169–74, 176, 178, 180–3,
186–7, 190–2, 195, 206, 214, 223, 226, 228,
230–1, 266, 269–70, 273; urban design xi, 1, 3,
16, 40, 61, 76, 93, 123–6, 148, 168, 235; urban
density 36, 48–9, 54–6, 59, 71, 77, 79, 132, 159,
165–7, 198–90, 194–5, 201–2, 209, 238, 245, 259;
urban fabric xii, 17, 24, 30, 35, 45, 49–51, 63, 73,
75–6, 88–9, 113, 121–2, 164–5, 193–4, 225, 230,
237, 272; urban form 10–16, 20–1, 23–8, 30–1,
40–7, 50–3, 55–7, 59–65, 68, 71–4, 77, 87–96,
102–13, 118–22, 147–8, 150–1, 153–8, 168–73,
176–9, 182–3, 186–92, 205–6, 230, 266, 268,
273–4; urban growth xi, 1, 2, 8, 10, 12–16, 20–1,
27, 31–4, 37–9, 48, 58–65, 68, 72, 75–6, 87–92,
100, 103, 106–8, 112, 151, 164, 168, 172–3,
182–3, 187–924, 214, 274; urban planning xii,
57, 100, 104; urban population xi, xii, 1, 7, 10,
13–7, 21, 29, 33–4, 36–7, 46, 48, 55–6, 61–2,
75–7, 88, 99, 150, 190, 194–5, 233, 259; Urban
Renewal Act (URA) 35; urban revolution 8, 10;
urban sprawl 1, 17, 24–5, 28, 36, 54, 57–60, 71,
90, 194–5; urban village 88, 237
urbanization: Asian urbanization xiii, 3, 7, 9–10,
24, 28, 31, 33–4, 36, 54, 57–63, 74, 75–8, 186,
195, 266–73; rapid urbanization xiii, 1, 23, 29,
33, 48–9, 54, 56, 58, 75, 126–7, 158, 177, 268
urbanism: and decline 2, 13,14, 35, 38, 223, 235;
and countryside 7, 13, 16, 31, 33, 55–57, 62, 78
142, 193; and growth xi, 1, 2, 8, 10, 12–16,
20–1, 27, 31–4, 37–9, 48, 58–65, 68, 72, 75–6,
87–92, 100, 103, 106–8, 112, 151, 164, 168,
172–3, 182–3, 187–924, 214, 274; and
obsolescence xiii, 2–3, 36, 50–52, 54, 60, 62–3,
92–3, 196, 214–19, 223–35, 271; and landscape
11, 15, 17, 30–4, 43, 61–5, 71–2, 75–6, 82–5,
98–102, 112, 142, 147, 170–3, 177, 198, 201–2,
234, 237, 241, 245, 248, 253, 268; and
permanence 2, 7, 8–9, 20–1, 28, 33, 56, 63–45,
88, 94, 99, 128, 183, 227–235, 268, 273; and
self-organisation xii, 11–15, 35, 57, 62, 88–91,
103–5, 120, 143–4, 182, 191, 235; and systems
xii, 8–18, 20–22, 24, 29, 36, 45, 53, 62–64, 82,
87–9, 91–6, 98, 99–112, 120–2, 124–7, 130–1,
141–6, 148–51, 162–3, 166, 1689–73, 176–83,
186–7, 191–7, 205, 207, 214, 223–4, 227–8, 230,
233–4, 239, 245, 253–4, 273; computational
urbanism xii, xiv, 1, 3, 26–7, 52, 87, 92, 100,
106, 119–21, 141, 144, 150, 168–83, 186–92, 214,
226, 266, 274; evolutionary urbanism 1–3, 7, 9,
13, 15–18, 24, 37, 54, 57, 60, 62, 64–5, 68, 72, 76,
87–92, 99–100, 102, 104, 106–13, 118, 123, 136,
150, 168, 170, 172, 178, 186, 192, 206–7, 266,
273; informal urbanism 3, 28, 40–7, 68–74,
87–9, 106, 206, 273; Parametric Urbanism xiii,
53, 118–21, 168, 180–3, 186–92
295
INDEX

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Venice 71, 88, 162, 
Verebes, T xiii–xiv, 1–3, 7–18, 23–7, 28–38, 45–65,
75–9, 87–113, 123–8, 132–4, 141–51, 158–64,
168–83, 193–7, 198–204, 214–9, 223–35, 253–73 
Vitruvius 8, 14
Von Goethe, J W 227, 233, 
Von Neumann, J 178
Wachsmann, K 15
Waldheim, C 11
Washington DC 9, 88
Weinstock, M 91, 99, 100, 104, 111
Wiener, N 91
Woodbury, R 107, 145, 148, 169
Wright, F L 17–8, 32, 
Xu, F 48–53, 245, 286
Xu, W G 48–53, 245, 286
XWG Studio 245–7, 286, 289
Zaha Hadid Architects 122–123, 129–31, 283–5,
289
Zhang, T W 56
296
INDEX

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Document Outline

• Cover
• Masterplanning the Adaptive City
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Foreword >
• Preface and Acknowledgments >
• Introduction >
• Part I >Context: Endurance, Obsolescence, and Change—A Theoretical Foundation
  • Chapter 1 >The City as Cultural and Technological Expression >
    • 1.1 Globalization and Networks
    • 1.2 The Edge of Chaos
    • 1.3 The Associative Logic of Urbanism
  • Chapter 2 >Projective Architectures: The Question of Borders in a Connected World >
  • Chapter 3 >Conversation 1 >
  • Chapter 4 >The New New >
    • 4.1 Ancient China and The New
    • 4.2 Urban Europe: A Brief History of Its Industrialization and Planning
    • 4.3 The Paradigm of the New World Instant City
    • 4.4 The Dubai Mirage
  • Chapter 5 >Informal City: Design as Political Engagement >
  • Chapter 6 >Conversation 2 >
  • Chapter 7 >Urbanization and Erasure >
    • 7.1 The Trouble with Speed Freaks
    • 7.2 Ghosts of the Past
    • 7.3 An Ecological Model for Twenty-First Century Urbanism
    • 7.4 The Problem of Functionality, Endurance, and Obsolescence
    • 7.5 Time, Change, and Adaptation
  • Chapter 8 >Public-Spheres: Atmosphere and Adaptable Space in Hong Kong >
    • Something in the Air
    • Hong Kong’s Public-Sphere
    • The City as Natural Artifice
  • Chapter 9 >Conversation 3 >
  • Case Study >Qianhai Masterplan, Shenzen, China >
  • Case Study >Flowing Gardens, International Horticultural Expo, Xi’An, China >
• Part II >Concepts/Paradigms: New Paradigms and Practices in Urbanism
  • Chapter 10 >The Death of Masterplanning in the Age of Indeterminacy >
    • 10.1 Planning and/or Emergence
    • 10.2 Teleological Fallacies of the Masterplanner
    • 10.3 Principles of Uncertainty: Planning after the Global Financial Crisis
    • 10.4 Complex systems, Equilibrium, and Emergence
    • 10.5 Parametric Patterns and Models of Evolutionary Urbanism
  • Chapter 11 >Free-Market Urbanism: Urbanism beyond Planning >
  • Chapter 12 >Conversation 4 >
  • Case Study >One North Singapore Science Hub, Singapore >
  • Case Study >Urban China Research >
  • Case Study >Kaili Ethnic Cultural Compound, Guizhou, China >
• Part III >Methodologies: Tools and Moving Targets
  • Chapter 13 >A New Toolbox for Adaptable Masterplanning >
    • 13.1 Models as Information
    • 13.2 Parameter Space, Solution Space, Urban Space
    • 13.3 Simulation and Gaming Environments as Management Systems
  • Chapter 14 >Morphogenetic Urbanism: Toward a Materialist Approach to Masterplanning >
    • The Aggregated Figure
    • The Ground as Matter
  • Case Study >Parametric Pearl River Delta >
  • Case Study >Serial Systems: Remodeling Hong Kong Housing >
  • Case Study >Density and Openness Revisited: Recoding Building Bulk in Hong Kong >
  • Chapter 15 >Computational Urbanism >
    • 15.1 The Evolution of Computational Methodologies and Urbanism
    • 15.2 Automation, Optioneering, and Optimization
    • 15.3 Parametric Urbanism
  • Chapter 16 >Parametric Urbanism Redux: Urban Design and Complexity in an Age of Infinite Computing >
  • Chapter 17 >Conversation 5 >
  • Case Study >Yan Jiao Hua Run 4D City, Hebei Province, China >
  • Case Study >Mica Urban Picturesque, Geneva, Switzerland >
  • Case Study >The Megablock and Its Populated Field, and the Aggregation of Streets >
  • Case Study >Endurance and Obsolescence Toolbox: Studies of Adaptable Masterplanning >
• Part IV >Projections: Prototyping Multiple Futures
  • Chapter 18 >Endurance, Obsolescence, and the Adaptive City >
    • 18.1 New Prototypical Practices
    • 18.2 Typological Variants and Topological Transformations
    • 18.3 Icons and Innovation
    • 18.4 Control, Resilience, and Change
  • Case Study >Deep Ground: Regeneration Masterplan for Longgang Center and Longcheng Square, Shenzhen, China >
  • Case Study >Xin Tian Di Factory H, Hangzhou, China >
  • Case Study >Regeneration of Phoenix Shopping Street, Beijing, China >
  • Case Study >Ordos Museum, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China >
  • Case Study >Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger Terminal Building, Hong Kong Sar/Shenzhen, China >
  • Case Study >Counterpart Cities: Futureport, Hong Kong Sar, Shenzhen, China >
  • Chapter 19 >Conversation 6 >
• Conclusion >
• Bibliography
• Notes on Contributors
• Index