July 28, 2018 Dear Reader

pages.

Strauss, Leo. 1953. Natural Right and History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Strickland, Geoffrey, and Christopher Thacker. 1982. "The European Background to Romanticism." Pp. 209-225 in B. Ford, ed., The New Pelican Guide to English Literature. London: Penguin.

Sturkenboom, Dorothée. 2000-2001. “Historicizing the Gender of Emotions: Changing Perceptions in Dutch Enlightenment Thought.” Journal of Social History 34 ( ): 55-75. translated by Beverly Jackson from a Dutch version published in Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 1 (no. 4, 1998): 14-26.

Sturkenboom, Dorothée. 2004. “Prepared Remarks to the Symposium.” Symposium on Dutch Identity: Virtues and Vices of Bourgeois Society.” Erasmus University, Rotterdam. May 6.

Sutton, F. X., S. E. Harris, C. Kaysen, and J. Tobin. 1956. The American Business Creed. . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Svhumpeter, Joseph A. 1049. "Science and Ideology," AER 39 (March 1949): 345-359, p. 281; quoted in McCraw p. 478).

Szostak, R. 1991. The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution. Montreal: PUBLISHER.

Taylor, Walter Fuller. 1942. The Economic Novel in America.

Tilly, Charles. 1990. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1900. Oxford: Blackwell.

Todeschini, Giacamo. 2007. “The Theological Roots of Medieval/Modern Merchants’ Self-Representation.” Paper delivered to the conference on “The Self-Perception of Early Modern Capitalists,” Clark Library, UCLA, January 19-20, 2007.

Todorov, Tzvetan. 2000. Hope and Memory: Lessons from the Twentieth Century. David Bellos, trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.

Toulmin, Stephen, and Albert Jonsen. 1987. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Tronto, Joan C. 1993. Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care. New York, London: Routledge.

Tufte, Edward R. 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, CN: Graphics Press.

Tunzelmann, G. N. von. 1978. Steam Power and British Industrialization to 1860. Oxford.

Tusser, Thomas. 1588. Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry. Geoffrey Grigson, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Van Norden, Bryan W. 2004. “The Virtue of Righteousness in Mencius.” Pp. 148-182 in Kwong-Loi Shun and David B. Wong, eds., Confucian Ethics: A Comparative Study of Self, Autonomy, and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Viner, Jacob. 1959. "Five Lectures on Economics and Freedom Delivered at Wabash College." Pp. 39-77 in D. A. Irwin, ed. Viner, Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Viner, Jacob. 1970. "Satire and Economics in the Augustan Age." Pp. 303-323 in Irwin, ed.

Vries, Jan de, and Ad van der Woude. 1997. The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974. The Modern World-System, vol. I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York/London: Academic Press.

Wallis, J., & North, D. C. (1986). Measuring the transactions sector in the American economy. In S. Engerman and R. Gallman (Eds.), Long term factors in American economic growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wallis, John Joseph, and Douglass North. 1986. "Measuring the Transaction Sector in the American Economy, 1870-1970." Pp. 95-161 in S. L. Engerman and R. E. Gallman, eds. Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Wardley, Peter. 1993. “Dead Reckoning to Count the Change: Number and Numerical Representation in the Early Modern Period.” Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, University of the West of England, Bristol, presented to the Economic and Social History Research Council conference on Quantitative Economic History, September. At: Humanities.uwe.ac.uk/research%20papers/history/number_p_wardley/V.htm

Waterman, A. M. C. 1983. “The Ideological Alliance of Political Economy of Christian Theology, 1798-1833.” Journal of Ecclesiastical History 34:

Waterman, A. M. C. 1991. Revolution, Economics and Religion: Christian Political Economy, 1798-1833. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Watson, James L., ed. 1998. Golden Arches East: McDonald's in East Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Weber, Max. 1905-05. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Trans. T. Parsons 1930 from the 1920 German edition. New York: Scribner's, 1958.

Welborn, Mary Catherine. 1939. "An Intellectual Father of Modern Business."

Bulletin of the Business Historical Society, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr., 1939): 20-24

Wells, Susan. 1981. “Jacobean City Comedy and the Ideology of the City.” Journal of English Literary History 48: 37-60.

West, E. G. 1978. “Literacy and the Industrial Revolution.” Economic History Review 31: 369 83. Reprinted in Mokyr 1985b.

Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich von. 1928 (1930). My Recollections. Trans. G. C. Richards. London: Chatto & Windus.

Willey, Basil. 1964. English Moralists. London : Chatto & Windus.

Williamson, J. G. 1985. Did British Capitalism Breed Inequality?.

Williamson, J. G. 1987. Did English factor markets fail during the industrial revolution? Oxford Economic Papers 39: 641 78.

Williamson, J. G. 1990b. The impact of the Corn Laws prior to repeal. Explorations in Economic History 27: 123 56.

Williamson, J. G. 1981. Some myths die hard   urban disamenities one more time: a reply. Journal of Economic History 41: 905 7.

Williamson, Jeffrey, and Kevin H. O’Rourke. 1999. Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Williamson, O. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting.

Wilson, Charles. 1965. England's Apprenticeship. 1603-1763. Social and Economic History of England, Asa Briggs, ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Winch, Donald. 1978. Adam Smith’s Politics: An Essay in Historiographic Revision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Winch, Donald. 1978. Adam Smith’s Politics: An Essay in Historiographic Revision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Winch, Donald. 1996. Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy, 1750-1834. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. (1963). Philosophical investigations, Vol. 1.  New York: The Macmillan Company.

Wolf, Susan. 1982. “Moral Saints.” Journal of Philosophy 79: 419-439. Reprinted pp. 79-98 in Crisp and Slote, Virtue Ethics, 1997.

Wood, James. 1999. The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief. New York: Random House.

Wootton, David, ed. 1986. Divine Right and Democracy: An Anthology of Political Writings in Stuart England (NY: Viking Penguin.

Wordie, J. R. 1974. “Social change on the Leveson Gower Estates, 1714 1832.” Economic History Review 27: 593 609.

Wordie, J. R. 1983. The chronology of English enclosure, 1500 1914. Economic History Review 36: 483 50

Wright, Louis B. 1935. Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England. Durham: University of North Carolina Press.

Wrigley, E. A. 1967. A simple model of London's importance in changing English society and economy, 1604 1750. Past and Present 37: 44 70.

Wrigley, E. A., and Souden, D. C., eds. 1986. The Works of Thomas Robert Malthus.

Wu, Shih-Yen. 1989. Production, Entrepreneurship, and Profit. New York: Basil Blackwell.

Yan, Yunxiang. 1998. “McDonald’s in Beijing: The Localization of Americana.” Pp. NNN-NNN in Watson, ed.

Zagorin, Perez. 2003. How the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Zeeman, Michael. 2004. “Prepared Remarks to the Symposium.” Symposium on Dutch Identity: Virtues and Vices of Bourgeois Society.” Erasmus University, Rotterdam. May 6.

Ziliak, S., & McCloskey, D. (2007). The cult of statistical significance: How the standard error is costing jobs, justice, and lives. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

1 Cite Arjo

2 Insert cite to Oxford Economics report on India

3 Keynes 1936, p. 383.

4 Das Kapital 1867, German edition, Band 23, 1962, p. 168.

5 Plantinga 2000, p. xiv.

6 Cite Sol Tax

7 Postgate 1992, p. 80; the town’s name is uncertain.

8 Inferred using R. M. Adams’ densities from Postgate 1992, pp. 74, 80.

9 Kramer 1963, p. 89.

10 For example, Postan DDD, Herlihy DDDD; Raftis DDDD; McCloskey 1976.

11 McCormick 2002, p. 681.

12 Macfarlane 1979, p. 54.

13 As for example do Hejeebu and McCloskey 1999; 2005.

14 cite guy criticizing us

15 [Mauss DDDD

16 Polanyi, The Livelihood of Man 1977, p. 40.

17 Polanyi, The Great Transformation, pp. 54-55. Polanyi later grouped householding as a special case of redistribution and includes ‘market’ as a third type of ‘economic integration’ Trade and Markets in Early Empires, 1957 and The Livelihood of Man, 1977.

18 McCormick 2001, pp.

19 Snell 1997, p. 149.

20 Gelb 1969; Veenhof 1972.

21 Cite from autobiography of NNNN

22 Klamer 2006; Klamer and Zuidhof 1998; cf. Van Staveren DDDD.

23 Klamer 2006, p. 13.

24 Issenberg 2007.

25 Fiske 1991 [1993], pp. 47, 45.

26 Fiske 1991 [1993], pp. 48-49.

27 p. 210.

28 Hourani 1991 2005, p. 96.

29 (Pocock 1981, pp. 356, 361, 364).

30 Cite: Mod Lib, pp. 170-171;

31 Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels - Werke, Band 23, S. 11-802, Dietz Verlag, Berlin/DDR 1962, p. 168, online at http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me23/me23_161.htm#Kap_4_1.

32 Megill 2002, p. 262.

33 Hourani 1991 2005, pp. 72-73

34 McCormick 2001, p. 13.

35 I thank my colleague in Hispanic Studies at the University of California at Riverside, James Parr, for conversations on this point.

36 21, p. 119, 12, p. 111.

37 Todeschini 2008, p. 6. Correct all citations to the MS version here and below to correspond with the published book.

38 Viner 1939, p. 43.

39 Todeschini 2008, p. 2.

40 Todeschini 2008, p. 1.

41 Todeschini 2008, p. 2.

42 Todeschini 2008, p. 6.

43 Todeschini 2008, p. 8.

44 Todeschini 2008, p. 9.

45 Todeschini 2008, p. 14. Note again that in his complaint that it is “anachronistic” he seems to think the decoding is all right for nowadays.

46 Todeschini 2008, p. 16.

47 Todeschini 2008, p. 11.

48 Kadane 2008, p. 7. Adjust to book pages.

49 Kadane 2008, p. 7.

50 Kadane 2008, p. 10; well, not so gifted a hymn writer

51 Cite Muldrew at al.

52 Kadane 2008, p. 14.

53 MacNeill 1974, p. 147.

54 Parker 1985, p. 244.

55 Cite Landes by pages; Donald Coleman, “Gentlemen and Players.”

56 Landes remarks along these lines, perhaps in text.

57 Barrington Moore 1998, pp. 148, 151.

58 Moore 1998, p. 156.

59 Jack Goldstone (draft of The Problem of the `Early Modern’ World

60 cite to counterfactual book

61 Cite

62 cite recent JEH article.

63 McCormick 2001, pp. 14, 671-72

64 5, p. 105.

65 16, p. 114.

66 29, p. 125

67 Huizinga 1935, p. 25.

68 Huizinga 1935, pp. 110-112.

69 Hohenberg and Less 1985, p. ; Devries, 1984, p. .

70 Fuchs, p. 115.

71 Cite Alpers; Sluijter 1991, p. 184.

72 e.g. Cicero, Cicero, Orator 69 and de Oratore 2.115.

73 Brettell 1999, p. 14.

74 Kiers and Tissink, p. 173.

75 Deursen 1999, p. 173.

76 Fuchs, p. 147.

77 Wootton, 1986, p. 286: GET AND CHECK and add to if necessary.

78 Herman, p. 19.

79 Trevor-Roper 1940, pp 2, 4.

80 Haskell 1999, p. 10.

81 All this: McCants 1997, pp. 2, 4, 5.

82 McCants 1997, p. 201f.

83 Israel 1995, p. 352.

84 p. 355? check page.

85 Israel, p. 358.

86 Langford, p. 136.

87 Israel, p. 360. By the way, Israel’s figures as stated are self-contradictory: he says that two times 10,000 people were helped in one way or another, which amounts to 20 percent of the population of about 100,000, not the “well over 10 percent” he settles on, unless “well over” is to mean “two times.”

88 De Vries and der Woude, pp. 659, 661.

89 Parker 1985, p. 25.

90 Source. Check translation against original.

91 Naidler 1999, p. 11.

92 Zeeman 2004.

93 Israel, pp. 640, 638; 535.

94 Israel 1996, p. 536.

95 Quoted in Zagorin 2003, p. 149.

96 1670 figures from Maddison 2001, p. 77, with a rough guess for countries not covered.

97 Israel 1996, 639.

98 Israel 1996, p. 504.

99 Trevor-Roper 1940, p. 3. I imagine he had this item in mind when in a preface to the substantially unrevised edition of 1962 he mentioned "certain. . . crude social equations whose periodic emergence will doubtless irritate the perceptive reader" of his first book.

100 cite

101 Zagorin 2003, pp. 10, 12.

102 Zagorin, p. 259.

103 Huizinga, date, “Dutch Civ.,” p. 53.

104 Israel 1995, p. 673

105 Wilson date, p. 18.

106 Wilson date, p. 17.

107 Cite Edgerton

108 Quoted in Charles Wilson, TITLE, 1965, p. 155-56.

109 Jardine and Stewart, Hostage of Fortune, 1998, p. 433.

110 Bevington 2002, p. 483.

111 McNeir 1938.

112 Magnusson 1999, p. 120.

113 Cf. Magnusson 1999, p. 120.

114 Cite Mun exactly.

115 Deloney 1597, quoted in O’Connell 1976, p. 13.

116 O’Connell 1976, p. 14, italics supplied.

117 O’Connell 1976, pp. 8, 7.

118 O’Connell 1976, p. 5.

119 quoted in O’Connell, pp. 3-4, my italics.

120 O’Connell 1976, p. 18.

121 Multatuli 1860 reprint date, p. . By the way, the real name of Multatuli Latin for “many things have I borne” was like the Elizabethan dramatist “Dekker.”

122 Bevington 2002, p. 484.

123 [Usurer's Daughter, p. 89].

124 Jardine 1996, p. 103

125 quoted in Jardin 1996, p. 105

126 Quoted in Magnusson 1999, p. 129. Go back to Sacks!

127 Magnusson 1999, p. 134. Get back to Ferber!

128 p. 3, sig. B2, quoted in Magnusson 1999, p. 127.

129 All this, Jardine, 1996, p. 102.

130 Stone 1947, quoted in Hexter 1961, p. 100n.

131 Elizabeth Nov. 30, 1601, p. 339; the speech exists in multiple versions.

132 Clark 2007, p. 183-184, from which subsequent quotations come.

133 Marx and Engels 1848 1988, p. 73.

134 Clark 2007, pp. 7-8, 11, 271.

135 Clark 2007, p. 165.

136 He does have a bit of a problem with acknowledging other scientists. Pages pp.167-175 take without citation my observation McCloskey 1983 of a fall of European interest rates and pages 232-233 my design for a decomposition of growth during the Industrial Revolution McCloskey 1981 and throughout he uses notions of bourgeois values pp. 11, 262; McCloskey 1994, presidential address, 2007. I detect scores of these for other authors. It is a good, reliable way of making scientific enemies. But after all he is summarizing an enormous scientific literature most engagingly, and if he gets any substantial number of non-economic intellectuals innocent of economic history to grasp what happened 1600 to the present we will, in our great-heartedness, forgive him.

137 Clark 2007, p. 2.

138 Clark 2007, p. 11,.

139 Cite Mokyr; the table is Clark p.233.

140 Clark 2007, p. 183.

141 Shaftesbury, Characteristics¸1713, vol. 4, p. 4.

142 The Latinate learning displayed here comes from the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the old William Smith and T. D. Hall, A Copius and Critical English-Latin Dictionary 1871.

143 Oxford English Dictionary [1928], “honest,” sense 3c.

144 Mandeville 1714 edition, line 409-410; “honest” in various forms occurs at lines 118, 225, 233, 257, 295, 334, as the silly virtue of a hive of bees who are neither prosperous in economy nor great in power.

145 I wonder if the following is true: The Slavic languages in modern times, like Spanish, appear not to have separated the two meanings as sharply. In Czech, for example, čestný means both “honorable” and “honest,” as does the Polish Latin-imported honorowy, meaning both noble and truth-telling. On the other hand the non-imported Polish word for "noble" is czcigodny, cognate from the same root cześć with the Czech word, and uczciwy note the u- is now "that will not cheat.”

146 Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments 1759, III.3.6. The passage is reproduced in subsequent editions.

147 http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/novlsrch.html

148 Il Nuovo Zingarelli 1987, art. onesto, p. 1275. The first four meanings given are in English translation 1. unwilling to violate moral law, 2. conforming to the moral law, 3. pure, 4. just---all of which are English “honest”; with two more: [rarely] dignified, and [obsolete] handsome. The entry does not mention nobile, aristicratico, signorile English “noble” in the social class sense or onorevole, venerando, onorato English “honorable” in the aristocratic sense, ‘honored”. In the Concise Cambridge Italian Dictionary 1975 onesto does come late in the list of Italian words for “honorable” p. 449, though in the modern sense, namely, “honest,” not in the original sense of “having aristocratic honor, i.e. high rank justified by military or other noble deeds.”

149 Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika, Die Nuwe Testament en Psalms. Capetown: CTP Boekdrukkers, 1983

150 For all this see the astonishing website The Unbound Bible, http://unbound.biola.edu/index.cfm?method=searchResults.doSearch

151 Rye p. 7, quoted in Paxman, p. 35.

152 Paxman, p. 63.

153 Sprat 1667, p. 88; spelling and punctuation modernized.

154 As J. Paul Hunter 1990 argues.

155 e.g., pp. 5, 61, 105.

156 Langford, pp. 5, 30, 107. Recheck quotations and make sure I’ve not accidentally appropriated his phrases!

157 Willey, pp. 221, 223, 228.

158 Sturkenboom 2004.

159 1731 [1952], p. 294.

160 A Life, II, p. 458

161 Clark 2007, pp. 175-180.

162 A Journey 1775, p. 139.

163 Journey, p. 104.

164 Quoted in Mathias 1978, p. 312.

165 Davidoff and Hall 1987, p. 26.

166 Quoted in Mathias 1978, p. 296.

167 Tufte, 1983, pp. 28, 32f, 44ff.

168 See for example Frederic Lane 1973, p. 142.

169 Wardley 1993

170 Fussell, ed., 1936, passim.

171 lynnconway.com

172 Keggan, p. 90.

173 art. “Stevinus,” Encyl. Brit., 11^th ed., 1910-11 Find out more about Stevinus

174 Temple, IV, p. 87.

175

176 If you are educated in such methods and therefore find my claims hard to believe you need to face up to them seriously. Have a look at Ziliak and McCloskey 2007; or McCloskey and Ziliak 2008.

177 Nye 2006, a page or two after last Get pages to correspond with published book

178 Nye 2006, next page.

179 Nye 2006, p. [get cite from final volume], “the Portugal trade furnishes us with some dying Commodities” Spelling and punctuation modernized.

180 Auden, “New Year Letter January 1, 1940," Part Three, p. 185

181 Penelope Hughes-Hallett, ed., The Illustrated Letters of Jane Austen NY: Clarkson Potter, 1991, p. 118.

182 Oxford Illustrated ed., p. 376.

183 Pride and Prejudice, p.

184 #108, 18 Nov 1814 in R.W. Chapman, ed., Jane Austen: Selected Letters Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955, 1985, p. 174.

185 McDonagh, Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, p. 44.

186 Chapman, ed., p. 175f.

187 Butler 1985, introduction to reissue of Chapman, ed., Jane Austen: Selected Letters, p. xxvi

188 Ancient Law, London 1861, p. 307: check exact page in my copy; quoted in Searle 1998, p. 99.

189 Temple, Iv, p. 83.

190 Hirschman 1977, p. 58.

191 Mann, p. 200.

192 pp. 42, 380, 209, 320, 144, 370, 34, 400,

193 pp. 124, 57, 215,

194 p. 243.

195 p. 215.

196 Stewart, “Account,” p. 269, sec. I, 2.

197 Stewart, “Account,” p. 266.

198 Stewart, “Account,” p. 326

199 Stewart, “Account,” p. 307, sec. III. 16.

200 Stewart, “Account,” p. 329, sec. V. 12.

201 Stewart, “Account,” p. 271, sec. I, 8.

202 ^ Wealth of Nations I. xi. p. 10.

203 Correspondence, p. 188.

204 Wealth of Nations I. x. c. 2.

205 Cite Hovenkamp

206 cite

207 ^ Smith, , Bk. IV, Chp. 5, para. 55

208 ^ Smith, Wealth of Nations, Bk. I, Chp. 10, para. 118.

209 Smith, Wealth of Nations, Bk. I, Chp. 10, para. 67.

210 Hursthouse 1999, pp. 102-03, 107, 111.

211 Stewart, “Account,” p. 300

212 cite

213 cite

214 p. 246 Huang, Nian-Sheng. 1998. "Franklin, Benjamin." Pp. 24-246 in R. W. Fox and J. T. Kloppenberg, eds., A Companion to American Thought. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell.

215 Welborn 1939, p. 24. Viner notes that the "quite modern-sounding" formulation was not in Peutinger an objection to "governmental regulation in general or in principle. . . but specific forms of degrees of it" 1959, p. 61.

216 check who is speaking here: Hancock, 280.

217 Bellah 2003, p. 41.

218 Hunter 1990, p. 172

219 Hunter 1990, p. 173; and coffee-house book

220 Quoted in Hunter 1990, p. 174.

221 Hunter 1990 p. 178.

222 Willey, p. 233.

223 Hirschman, p.

224 Characteristicks 1713 1732, 2001, Vol. I, p. 42.

225 Quoted in Hirschman, p. 61.

226 Berry p. 81.

227 Paper delivered to the symposium on Dutch Identity, Erasmus University, 6 May 2004.

228 Cite correct Pocock paper.

229 Cite Mokyr

230 On p. 364

231 p. 365

232 p. 366.

233 on p. 367

234 Wilson 1993, p. 194.

235 1993, pp. 200-207.

236 Esprit des Lois, XX, 1: “partout où il y a des moeurs douce, il y a du commerce; et partout où il y a du commerce, il y a des moeurs douce”

237 Leo Strauss 1953, John Finnis 1980; cf. Hont and Ignatieff 1983; but then see Fleischacker 2004, pp. 221-226.

238 Buchanan and Tullock 1962, Rawls 1971, Nussbaum 2006, and discussion in Chps. NN and NN below.

239 Anscombe 1958, MacIntyre 1981, Nussbaum herself again 1986, Hursthouse 1999.

240 Copleston 1959, p. 251.

241 TMS Introduction, p. 10.

242 TMS, p. 267.

243 TMS, p. 307.

244 Knight, 1923, p. 62.

245 see Brown 1994, pp. 165-166 and footnotes for a discussion of such an “overly economistic” readings of The Wealth of Nations; and Evensky 2005, Chp. 10, on the “Chicago Smith” vs. the “Kirkaldy Smith”.

246 WN, IV.ii, p. 457.

247 Stigler 1975, p. 237.

248 Disputed Questions [1267-72], Art. 1, p. 112.

249 Brown 1994, pp. 7, 53, 177.

250 2004, pp. 34-35, 97, 99.

251 McCloskey 2006 .

252 2A6 in Mencius, quoted in Van Norden 2004, p. 159.

253 p. 150

254 Van Norden 2004, p. 150.

255 TMS, p. 268 p. 269.

256 p. 282.

257 p. 262.

258 p. 262.

259 FitzGibbons 1995; Raphael and Mackie 1976, p. 5-10.

260 TMS, “Introduction,” p. 6, italics supplied.

261 Letter 163, 14 August 1776.

262 from which, Fleischacker argues [2004, p. 112], in 1759 he graduated; contrast Raphael and Mackie, p. 18, “Smith had [by 1790] acquired an even warmer regard for Stoicism”.

263 1994, p. 53.

264 pp. 188, 195.

265 p. 208.

266 1978, p. 2.

267 Fleischacker 2004, p. 74.

268 1651, I, Chp. 15, p. 82; and I, Chp. 6, p. 24.

269 First Book, IX, 4, pp. 205-206.

270 2004, pp. 61, 63.

271 Oakeshott 1946 and 1974, “Introduction to Leviathan,’ reprinting in Hobbes of Civil Association, pp. 3, 59.

272 Holmes 1995, p. 78.

273 Menand 2007, p. 91.

274 McCloskey 1985[1998].

275 Latour **date.

276 Leviathan I.8, p. 34; cf. p. 13 [“metaphorically. . . in sense other than they are ordained for”], p. 21 [“Metaphors. . . instead of words proper”], p. 22 [“Metaphors, and senseless and ambiguous words”], and throughout his writings.

277 Leviathan, I, Chp. 13, p. 65.

278 Chp. 20, p. 105.

279 Chp. 6, p. 24.

280 Elements of Law 23.10; cf. Leviathan II.20.

281 Quoted in Megill 2002, p. 260.

282 Schmidtz 1993 1996, p. 168.

283 Bradford c. 1650, p. 34n.

284 Cite BV pp.

285 Santayana, Character, pp. 203-04.

286 Cowen 2004, p. ____.

287 Williams 1972, p 8f.

288 Baier DDDD, “What Do Women Want?” p. 264.

289 Held 1993, p. 193.

290 Rose, Property and Persuasion, p. 225.

291 p. 27.

292 E.g. p. 32, the only citation to him, to be sure; she also relies on Habermas for historical proof of the same assertion that the public became more public in the eighteenth century, p. 33; Habermas, like Polanyi, knows very little history.

293 Maxwell and Ames 1981. Cite Francesco’s PhD thesis. Erasmus University, 2008

294 McCloskey 1994, pp. 127-154.

295 For approximately 1000 worked examples of the consequences of approximate prudence, consult McCloskey 1984.

296 Ensminger , p. 33

297 cite

298 Henrich DDDD, p. 38.

299 Hume, Essays, XI, “Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature,” para. 10,

300 Hume, Principles of Morals, Appendix II, “Self-Love,” p. 250 of 1771 ed., 298 of OUP 1975 ed.

301 Wilson 1993, p. 107.

302 Axelrod p. 85.

303 McNeill 1982, pp. 125-131.

304 Hirschman, p. 24.

305 p. 192, the last line of the book.

306 Wilson 1993, p. vii.; cite Mueller and Foot.

307 Wilson, p. ix.

308 Smith 1790, p. 313.

309 Business as a Humanity 1994, quoted in Heath, p. 255.

310 Friedman, " Social Responsibility of Business," 1970, p 33.

311 I make the same point in McCloskey, The Bourgeois Virtues 2006, p. 320-322.

312 {Hirsch 2006 “Can Max U and Max V Ever Become Good Neighbors?” Unpublished paper, Rotterdam: EIPE.], p. 4.

313 James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.

314 The passage is noted and the identification with Smith asserted by a German translator in 1926 of The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Walther Eckstein, quoted in Raphael and Macfie, eds., “Introduction,” to Theory ed. of 1976, p. 31.

315 Smith 1759 1790, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Part VI, section iii, para. 1-3 p. 236 of the Oxford edition, 1976.

316 Berkowitz 1999, "Introduction," at http://www.pupress. princeton.edu/ chapters/ i6565.html.

317 Harry Frankfurt, The Reasons of Love Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, pp. 26, 28.

318 Smith, Moral Sentiments, 1759 1790, Part III, Chp. iii, para. 4, p. 136. Compare Rousseau Political Economy, 1755, p. 121.

319 Smith, Wealth, 1776, III.3.5, p. 137. I wish he hadn't said "reason," which makes the passage sound Kantian.

320 I myself need to do it more than I have; and will in the next book on the bourgeois virtues.

321 Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments, VII, ii, 4.6-13, pp. 308-313 of Oxford edition.

322 Williams, Ethics 1985, pp. 197, 127.

323 Orwell, “Charles Dickens,” 1940, pp. 150-151.

324 Rawls 1999, The Law of People, p. 108, quoted in Nussbaum 2006, p. 239-40. Buchanan writes that “Rawls must be classified as a more laissez faire theorist than [Adam] Smith.” A minimum wage, Buchanan says, “would clearly be ‘unjust’ under either Rawlsian or Smithian criteria.” “John Rawls is far from the ‘defender of the liberal welfare state’ that he has been made out to be” Buchanan, 1976, “The Justice of Natural Liberty,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 301, 302, 304.

325 Nussbaum 2006, p. 240. And likewise pp. 225, 236, 240, 258, 262, 266, 277, 306, in which multinational corporations are said to be bad for people.

326 William Easterly, The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001 and The White Man’s Burden: How the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good London: Penguin, 2006.

327 Nussbaum 2006, p. NNN

328 Buchanan 1992, “Better Than Plowing,” Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 17

329 Buchanan 1989, “The Ethics of Constitutional Order,” Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 372.

330 Buchanan 1989, “The Ethics of Constitutional Order,” Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 370.

331 Buchanan 1989, “The Ethics of Constitutional Order,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 371.

332 Buchanan 1992, “The Supply of Labor and the Extent of the Market, in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 359. By the way, let me mention here a technical objection to the case he makes in the essay---finding himself in agreement, startlingly, with such men of the left in economics as Nicolas Kaldor and Martin Weitzman—that inducing people to enter markets rather than staying at home reaps gains for all in the division of labor. The theorem applies only to internationally or regionally non-traded goods: these such as elementary education or sewerage or policing or the local theatre scene must exhibit the non-convexities he speaks of. Entry that allows international or regional specialization, and more and more so in the modern world, exhausts the gains from the division of labor in making automobiles and steel and wheat that Buchanan expects from inducing housewives to get a market job.

333 Buchanan 1989, “The Ethics of Constitutional Order,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 371.

334 Buchanan 1989, “The Ethics of Constitutional Order,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 369.

335 Buchanan 1978, “Markets, States, and the Extent of Morals,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 366.

336 Cite Nelson

337 Buchanan 1965, “Ethics Rules, Expected Values, Large Numbers,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 327.

338 Smith, Wealth, 1776, Chp. 2 of Part I, second paragraph, p. 25, italics added. Compare Deirdre McCloskey and Arjo Klamer, [206] “One Quarter of GDP is Persuasion,” The American Economic Review 85 2, May 1995: 191-195.

339 Buchanan 1978, “Markets, States, and the Extent of Morals,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 366.

340 Buchanan 1978, “Markets, States, and the Extent of Morals,” in Collected Works, Vol. 1, p. 360.

341 Compare Prindle, Politics and Economics, 2003, pp. 98, 70.

342 Buchanan 1987, “Justification of the Compound Republic: The Calculus in Retrospect,” in Collected Works, 16, p. 73.

343 Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651, I, Chp. 15, p. 82; and I, Chp. 6, p. 24.

344 Buchanan 1975, “Boundaries on Social Contract,” in Collected Works, 16, p. 89.

345 Holmes, letter to Lady Pollock, Sept. 6, 1902, Holmes-Pollock Letters, Vol. 1, p. 105.

346 Holmes, Address . . . at the Dedication of the Northwestern University Law School Building, quoted in Alschuler, Law Without Values, 2000, p. 24.

347 Holmes, Holmes-Laski Letters, Dec 3, 1917, quoted in Luban 1992, p. 244.

348 Robbins, Nature and Significance, 1932, p. 134. Sen says that such a view was "quite unfashionable then" Sen, Ethics and Economics, 1987. Not I think among the reigning fashionistas of 1932.

349 Russell, Education and the Social Order, quoted in James F. Perry, "The Dream Hypothesis, Transitions, and the Very Idea of Humanity," at http://www.bu.edu/ wcp/Papers/ Teac/ TeacPerr.htm.

350 MacIntyre, After Virtue, 1981, p. 11, his italics.

351 Buchanan 1975, “Boundaries on Social Contract,” in Collected Works, 16, p. 88.

352 Buchanan and Vanberg 1991, “Constitutional Choice, Rational Ignorance and the Limits of Reason, in Collected Works 16, p. 128.

353 Buchanan 1975, “Individual Rights, Emergent Social States, and Behavioral Feasibility,” in Collected Works, 16, p. 208.

354 Vivian Walsh 2000, 2003, Review of Political Economy