Japanese children’s perspectives on the

Title	Introduction and development of programme that improve interpersonal relationship formation ability – Trial until introducing confrontation cancellation skill training in elementary school -
Author	Masashi Mihara
Year & publisher	(2008) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To explore the effective way to introducing the confrontation cancellation skill training in elementary school.
Type of Peer Support	Peer support training sessions were carried out. The supporting activity was not mentioned.
Samples	Grade 4,5,and 6 elementary school pupils. (N = n/a)
Method	n/a
Findings	Benefits to peer supporter; *encouraging their emotional development *improving their social skills *making better peer relations in school Benefits to other pupils; *due to the increase of thoughtful friends, pupils can improve school climate. Benefits to school systems and policy *promoting various supporting progrmmes in school *coping to the issue of school refusal
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Title	The making and practical using of “peer supporter notebooks” for the elementary school
Author	Atsushi Tamaki
Year & publisher	(2008) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To report the case study about practical using of “peer supporter notebooks” for the elementary school.
Type of Peer Support	(probably) befriending
Samples	All the pupils in a elementary school (n = n/a)
Method	n/a
Findings	Some guidelines, model behaviours and tips for solving problems were written in the peer support notebook. Using the note book, pupils could run peer support activities more actively. Also pupils could use it as workbook for peer support activities.
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Title	A study of the peer support activities from junior high school students to elementary school students
Author	Kazuo Takeuchi
Year & publisher	(2008) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To report the peer support activities between junior high school students to elementary school students.
Type of Peer Support	Peer supporters answered questions and gave advices by the letter. Exchange letters between peer supporters and users.
Samples	Peer supporters; Junior high school pupils (mainly student council members) Users; elementary school pupils. (sample size was not specified)
Method	n/a
Findings	Through the exchange letters, elementary school pupils could gain the useful advice and information. Elementary school pupils could diminish worries about daily school life in junior high school. Also in junior high school, school refusal rate decreased to at 25% within 3 years.
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Title	Memorial lecture “An overview of research into the Peer Support in Japan and UK”
Author	Prof. Helen Cowie
Year & publisher	(2008) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	n/a
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	n/a
Method	n/a
Findings	n/a
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Title	Categorization of models for evaluating peer support practice in Japan.
Author	Yuichi Toda & Yoshikazu Miyamae
Year & publisher	(2009) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To summarise the research methods for evaluating peer support activities.
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	n/a
Method	n/a
Findings	The study categorised research methods for peer support activities into 3 models; 1) time comparison model, 2) retrospective comparison model, and 3) group comparison model.
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Title	A programme evaluation on the theories and practice of peer support programmes.
Author	Shinji Kurihara & Minako Akutagawa
Year & publisher	(2009) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To evaluate typical forms of peer support programme in Japan.
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	n/a
Method	n/a
Findings	The study categorised Japanese peer support activities into 3 models; 1) Chiba model (theory given by Nakano), 2) Yokohama model (theory given by Taki) and Association model (theory given by Japanese peer support association). The study summarised the advantages and disadvantages of each model of peer support programme.
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Title	A research on the effect of peer support programme by learning support – integrated study in the junior high school –
Author	Koichi Kamigaki
Year & publisher	(2009) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To explore how learning support (peer tutoring) give impact on peer supporters and users in junior high school.
Type of Peer Support	Peer tutoring
Samples	Peer supporter; 19 selected pupils who were year 9 (6 male, 13 female). User; 155 pupils who were year 7 (other sample details were not specified)
Method	Questionnaire survey was conducted regarding their views on peer support activities. (The study did not employ any statistical method)
Findings	The results showed that a large number of users mentioned positive feedbacks on peer support activities, such as “positive feeling toward to peer supports (n=85)” and “”positive attitude to learning (n=11)”. Also peer supporters mentioned that they could understand themselves and also they could gain confidence about peer relations.
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Title	Study of the development on peer support trainer training programmes – verification on the standards of the workshops -
Author	Junko Hishida
Year & publisher	(2009) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To evaluate the peer support trainer training programme.
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	117 school teachers from primary junior high and high schools. (96 primary, 38 junior high, 9 high and 1 special support education schools)
Method	Questionnaire survey was conducted regarding teachers views on peer support trainer training programmes. The study employed factor analysis, t-test and ANOVA.
Findings	The study found that teachers, who had experience of being a counsellor, strongly stressed the effectiveness of counselling skills on training programme. Also teachers who had long experience of organising peer support programme, had tendency to understand the meaning of peer support activities.
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Title	Memorial lecture “Social Emotional Learning and Peer Support”
Author	David Brown
Year & publisher	(2009) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	n/a
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	n/a
Method	n/a
Findings	n/a
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Title	A study of the development on peer support trainer training programme II – verification on the standards of the workshops -
Author	Junko Hishida
Year & publisher	(2010) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To evaluate the peer support trainer training programme.
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	66 school teachers from primary junior high and special support education school. (43 primary, 22 junior high, 1 special support education schools)
Method	Questionnaire survey was conducted regarding teachers views on peer support trainer training programmes. The study employed factor analysis, t-test and ANOVA.
Findings	Based on the previous study’s results, an author proposed standard trainer training programme. The revised programme was highly evaluated by teachers and the author summarised the standard trainer training programme in terms of teacher’s views.
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Title	Development of ability to infer other’s emotions from facial situation cues in childhood
Author	Yohei Yamada
Year & publisher	(2010) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To explore children’s ability to infer other’s emotions from facial situation.
Type of Peer Support	n/a
Samples	Sample 1; 458 primary school pupils (year1=79, year2=79, year3= 77, year4= 74, year5=75 and year6=74). Sample 2; 83 university students.
Method	The assessments were conducted on children’s two abilities; ability to infer other’s emotion from facial cues and to infer from situational cues. peer support trainer training programmes. The study employed ANOVA.
Findings	As to “ability to infer other’s emotion from facial cues”, there was not significant difference between year 6 pupils and university students, which means that pupils could perform at the same level as younger adults. Also study found that ability to infer and understand others’ anger developed comparative slower than other abilities such as joy and sorrow.
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Title	A practical study of peer support programmes by school council of all junior high schools in a city – Focus o a play which aims to eradicate cyber bullying: by Osaka pref. Neyagawa city junior high school students summit -
Author	Kazuko Takeuchi
Year & publisher	(2010) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To explore junior high school pupils views on peer support programme as anti-bullying methods.
Type of Peer Support	Peer-led drama.
Samples	Sample 1; 24 school council members from 12 different junior high schools in Neyagawa city(sample size was about 1500) the details of sample was not specified.
Method	The questionnaire surveys were conducted. The study employed ANOVA.
Findings	All the student council members had positive feedbacks on the peer support training sessions. Also from the study, the peer-led drama seems to not improve other pupils’ behaviours.
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Title	A study of the peer support activities that focus on social emotion – an attempt in committee activities -
Author	Yohei Yamada & Toshiro Mori
Year & publisher	(2010) Japanese Annals of Peer Support.
Aims	To explore how peer support activities give impacts on primary school pupils’ social skills.
Type of Peer Support	Type of peer support was not specified. Samples were received peer support training 7 times within 4 months.
Samples	Sample was 8 pupils (3 male, 5 female) in year 3 class.
Method	The self report assessments ware conducted about pupils’ mental and behavioural developments. The study employed ANOVA.
Findings	The study found that pupils did not show significantly improvements in both emotional and behavioural subscales. The authors mentioned that not only the training, but also the support activities need to be carried out for give positive impacts on pupils emotional and behavioural development
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