Ebbinghaus said this because psychology’s questions go back to the ancients

His ideas did not catch on and his papers were burned.

William Bateson published “Mendel’s Principles of Heredity: A Defence” (1902). Dutch botanist Huge de Vries also described Mendel’s work.

• William Bateson published “Mendel’s Principles of Heredity: A Defence” (1902). Dutch botanist Huge de Vries also described Mendel’s work.

• Goddard read De Vries’ report and applied it to intelligence – a major leap influenced by Galton’s reports of hereditary genius.

• Goddard discovered that many of the siblings of the inmates of his institution had themselves been evaluated as feeble-minded.

Deborah Kallikak was found to have a mental age of 9 (at age 22). Goddard traced her ancestry back to Martin Kallikak Sr. in the Amer. Revolution.

• Deborah Kallikak was found to have a mental age of 9 (at age 22). Goddard traced her ancestry back to Martin Kallikak Sr. in the Amer. Revolution.

• Deborah was descended from an illegitimate liaison with a feeble-minded barmaid, starting the “bad side” of the family tree, full of “riff-raff.”

• Later Martin married a Quaker woman and founded the “good side” of the family tree, which was found to have little feeble-mindedness.

• He concluded that feeble-mindedness is genetic.

The study took 2 years, which seems short.

• The study took 2 years, which seems short.

• Conducted by untrained staff, perhaps biased.

• Little objective testing of the relatives – reliance on reports by family & associates. Position in society used to infer intelligence, etc.

• Criminal behavior and feeble-mindedness were equated.

• Assumption of a single gene for IQ is implausible.

• Influence of environment was totally ignored.

Similar studies of the Jukes, the Hill Folk, the Nams, the Ishmaelites, and the Zeros, reportedly showed reproduction rates twice those of “normal” families.

• Similar studies of the Jukes, the Hill Folk, the Nams, the Ishmaelites, and the Zeros, reportedly showed reproduction rates twice those of “normal” families.

• Goddard spoke about practical methods for eliminating “defective people” from the US population.

• Mainstream psychologists supported eugenics, including Yerkes, Thorndike, Cannon, Terman.
• US involuntary sterilization laws were upheld by the courts & stayed in place until the 1960s.

In 1910, one-third of the US population was foreign born, raising fears that the US was being swamped.

• In 1910, one-third of the US population was foreign born, raising fears that the US was being swamped.

• Teddy Roosevelt appointed a commission to study this.
• More recent immigrants were from East & So Europe.
• It was feared that immigrants would be an impetus for development of unions (to keep them out), which would threaten the US economic system.
• New immigrants were Catholic not Protestant.
• It was claimed that many immigrants were mentally defective – 2% were denied entry and sent back.

Goddard began using psychological methods and the number of feeble-minded increased dramatically – 350% in 1913, 570% in 1914.

• Goddard began using psychological methods and the number of feeble-minded increased dramatically – 350% in 1913, 570% in 1914.

• Goddard claimed that 83% of Jews, 80 of Hungarians, 79% of Italians, 87% of Russians were feeble-minded, based on culturally biased testing.

• Restrictive immigration quotas were enacted.

In 1918, Goddard left Vineland for a position as director of Ohio State Bureau of Juvenile Research, then became professor at Ohio State University.

• In 1918, Goddard left Vineland for a position as director of Ohio State Bureau of Juvenile Research, then became professor at Ohio State University.

• Goddard was hired as consulting psychologist to help establish classes for gifted children.
• Those with IQs above 120 were included.
• Goddard advocated enrichment, not rapid promotion.
• The program produced long-lasting, positive results.

Terman grew up on a farm in Indiana, then was sent to Central Normal College in Danville to become a teacher. He earned an M.A. from Univ. of Indiana.

• Terman grew up on a farm in Indiana, then was sent to Central Normal College in Danville to become a teacher. He earned an M.A. from Univ. of Indiana.

• A former student of G.S. Hall helped him obtain a fellowship to Clark Univ to work with Hall.

• Hall disapproved of mental tests so Terman switched to Edmund Sanford to direct his thesis.

• After becoming a high school principal in San Bernardino, he taught at CSULA (formerly LA Normal School), then joined Stanford University.

At Stanford, Terman revised the Binet-Simon, as described in “The Measurement of Intelligence.”

• At Stanford, Terman revised the Binet-Simon, as described in “The Measurement of Intelligence.”

• He used a large standardization sample (2300, including 1700 children, 200 “defective” and superior, and 400 adults.
• His goal was to make the median chronological and mental ages coincide, to prevent IQs from changing across different ages, with an average of 100.
• This became the standard measure of intelligence, with a standardization sample in 1916 of 10,000 people.