~ 692 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 5(1): 692-696
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(1): 692-696
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 03-11-2016
Accepted: 04-12-2016
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
PhD, Institute of Zoology,
Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku c, Azerbaijan
AZE -1073, pr.1128, bl.504
Correspondence
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
PhD, Institute of Zoology,
Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baku c, Azerbaijan
AZE -1073, pr.1128, bl.504
Aphelinid wasps (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) –
parasitoids of scale insects (Hemiptera,
Diaspididae) in Azerbaijan
Mustafayeva Gulzar Aligeydar
Abstract
A review of aphelinid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) obtained from their scale hosts in
Azerbaijan is provided for the first time. As a result of long-term investigation, 30 species of aphelinids
were revealed in the fauna of Azerbaijan. Of these, one species was described as a new for science and
six species were reported for the first time for the fauna of Azerbaijan.
Keywords: Pests, scale insects, parasitoids, aphelinids, fauna, trophic relationships
Introduction
In the integrated system of protection of plants against sucking pest insects and diseases
distributed by them an important role plays biological control, including use of natural
enemies, such as entomophages and parasitoids.
Aphelinids as effective enemies of many harmful sucking insects, such as coccids, aphids,
aylerodids are successfully used in biological control. However, despite their high
effectiveness, this group of parasitoids is still insufficiently used in the integrated system of
protection of plants against pests in Azerbaijan. Therefore, the studying aphelinid fauna of
Azerbaijan is actual and important as bases for development of ways of their practical
application in plant protection in Republic. The first report on Aphelinidae of Azerbaijan
includes 29 species
[4]
. Later, Mustafayeva recorded 46 species of aphelinids in the fauna of
eastern Azerbaijan
[1, 2]
. In present paper a list of aphelinids (Chalcidoiidea, Aphelinidae)
parasiaztng on scales (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) occurring in Azerbaijan is provided.
Materials and Methods
Investigation was carried out in different regions of Azerbaijan from early spring to late
autumn 1995 – 2010. Samples were made during complex faunistical expedition organized by
Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences and during numerous individual trips.
Aphelinids were collected in various wild and agricultural biotopes by net sweeping and many
species were obtained after emergency from their hosts in the laboratory
[5]
. Collected
specimens were glued to small triangular pieces of card paper which were then pined with thin
entomological pines. For identification of individuals of 3 quite small species microscopical
slides of sexual organs were prepared. Collected species were determined using key papers by
Nikolskaya & Yasnosh
[3]
and Yasnosh
[6]
. The same literature
[3, 6]
was used for obtaining
information about their distribution. A new host records for the studied aphelinids are marked
with an asterisk in the text of the paper.
Results and Discussions
A total of 30 species of aphelinids, belonging to 9 genera were found to parasitize the scale
insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) in Azerbaijan. Trophic relationships of target aphelinid
species are established. Below I provide an annotated list of these species.
Subfamily Aphelininae
Genus Aphytis Howard, 1900
Aphytis aonidea Mercet, 1911.
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on the pomegranate, from Carulaspis minima
Targ.* on thuja and cypress, from Carulaspis visci Schr. on cypress. The species is also a
parasitoid of Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst., Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg., Aonidiella
~ 693 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
lauri Bche.,and Parlatoria ziziphi Lucas.
Distribution: Moldova, Caucasus, Western Europe.
Aphytis сhilensis Howard, 1900.
It was breed from Aspidiotus nerii Bche. on oleander, olive,
thuja, laurel and other plants.
Distributtion: Black Sea coast of Caucasus, South of Western
Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, North and South
America, Australia.
Aphytis maculicornis Masi, 1911.
It was breed from Aspidiotus nerii Bche. on laurel, oleander,
olive, thuja and other plants.
Distribution: Black Sea coast of Caucasus, South of Western
Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, North and South
America, Australia.
Aphytis hispanicus Mercet, 1912.
It was breed from scales Parlatoria oleae Golvee, Aspidiotus
nerii Bche., Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg. on different
fruit and decorative plants. New species for the fauna of
Azerbaijan.
Distribution: Southern Europe, Transcaucasia, Taiwan, USA.
Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron, 1870).
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on
pomegranate, Parlatoria oleae Colvee on olive, cherry plum,
peach, from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. on willow,
poplar, from Salicicola kermanensis Lndgr. on poplar, from
Carulaspis minima Targ. on cypress, thuja, from Diaspidiotus
ostreaformis Curt. on poplar.
Disribution: Crimea, Caucasus, Russia: Primorsk Area,
Sakhalin, South Kuriles (Kunashir), Central Asia, Western
Europe, North Africa, Iraq, India, Japan, America.
Aphytis proclia (Walker, 1839).
It was breed from Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on
dogrose,
apple-tree,
ash-tree,
rasttberry,
from
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. on raspberry, mulberry and
the Lankaran acacia, from Diaspidiotus pyri Licht. on apple-
tree, from Lepidosaphes ulmi L. on poplar.
Distribution: Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus, Central
Asia, Central and Southern Europe, Russia: European part,
Primorsk Area, Sakhalin, Southern Kuriles (Kunashir).
Aphytis testaceus Tshumakova, 1961.
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on
pomegranate, from Carulaspis minima Targ.*on thuja, from
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. on poplar and willow.
Distribution: Moldova, Norhern Caucasus, Primorsk area.
Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912).
It is parasitoid of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morg. on
decorative plants. First record for Azerbaijan fauna.
Distribution: Black Sea shore of the Caucasus, Western
Europe, North Africa, introduced to China, India, Japan,
Australia.
Aphytis moldavicus Yasnosh, 1958.
It was breed from Lepidosaphes ulmi L. on poplar and apple
tree, from Diaspidiotus pyri Licht. on poplar. First record for
the fauna of Azerbaijan.
Distribution: Russia.
Subfamily Coccophaginae
Genus Coccobius Ratseburg, 1852 (= Physcus Howard, 1895)
Coccobius granati Yasnosh et Mustafayeva, 1992.
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor. on pomegranate.
The species was described as new to science.
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Absheron).
Coccobius pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1958)
It is parasitoid of Lepidosaphes pistaciae Arch.
Distribution: Transcaucasia.
Coccobius mesasiaticus (Yasnosh and Myartsova, 1975).
It was breed from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs.* on
poplar.
Distribution: Central Asia.
Coccobius testaceus (Masi, 1909).
It was breed from Lepidosaphes ulmi L. on poplar and willow,
from Diaspidiotus ostreaforms Gurt. on poplar and elm, from
Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on pomegranate, from
Lepidosaphes ficus Sign.* on fig tree, from Lepidosaphes
conchiformis Gmel* on cypress.
Distribution: Crimea, Caucasus, Central Asia, Western
Europe, Caliphornia.
Subfamily Azotinae
Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894 (Azotus Howard, 1898,
Yasnosh, 1995)
Ablerus atomon (Walker, 1847).
It was breed from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. on poplar,
from Lepidosaphes ulmi L.* on medlar from Diaspidiotus
perniciosus Comst. On pear-tree and apple-tree, from
Aulacaspis rosae Bche. on rose, from Diaspidiotus
ostreaformis Curt. on poplar. It is secondary parasitoid of
many species of scales.
Distribution: Ukraine, Moldova, Caucasus, Central Asia,
Primorsk area, Western Europe, North America.
Ablerus celsus Walker, 1847.
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on
pomegranate. The species is also secondary parasioid of
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt., Diaspidiotus gigas Th et
Gern., Chionaspis salicis L., Salicicola kermanensis Lindgr.,
Aulacaspis rosae Bche.
Distribution: Moldova, Crimea, Caucasus, Central Asia,
Central and Western Europe.
Ablerus chrysomphali Ghesguire, 1960.
It was breed from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs.* on
poplar. Also was observed as parasite of Chrysomphalus
dictuospermi Morg. and Parlatoria oleae Colvee.
Distribution: Georgia, Turkmenistan, North Africa.
Subfamily Prospaltellinae
Genus Pterotrix Westwood, 1833
Pretotrix macropedicellata (Malac, 1947).
It was breed from Aulacaspis rosae Bche. on rose.
Distribution: Black Sea shore of the Caucasus, Czech
Republic, Slovakia.
Genus Archenomus Howard, 1898
Archonomus bicolor Howard, 1898.
It was breed from Tecaspis asiatica Balach. Also parasitize on
Diaspidiotus pyri Licht., Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt.,
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Coms., Diaspidiotus turanicus
Borch., Aulacaspis rosae Bche.
Distribution: Crimea, Caucasus, Western Europe, North
America, Ceylon, Java.
Archenomus caucasicus Yasnoch, 1955.
It was breed from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. on poplar,
willow, from Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on Elaeagnus.
Distribution: Georgia, Azerbaijan.
Archenomus longiclavae Giralt. (= A. longicornis
Nikolskayae, 1959).
It was breed from Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Gurt. on poplar,
from Lepidosaphis granati Kor.* on pomegranate, from
Lepidosaphis ulmi L. on poplar.
Distribution: European part of Russia, North Caucasus,
Crimea, Primorsk area, Central and Primorsk area.
Archenomus maritimus (Nikolskayae, 1952)
It was breed from Lepidosaphes granati Kor.* on
pomegranate, from Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on
Elaeagnus.
~ 694 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Distribution: North Caucasus, Primorsk area, Hungary.
Genus Hispaniella Mercet, 1911
Hispaniella lauri Mercet, 1911.
It was breed from Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs. on willow,
poplar, from Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. on poplar, from
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on ash-tree, poplar, from
Lepidosaphis ulmi L. on ash-tree.
Distribution: Moldova, Caucasus, Primorsk area, Slovakia,
Yugoslavia, Spain, North America.
Genus Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894
Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Grav., 1891.
It was breed from Aspidiotus nerii Bche. On thuja and
oleander, on Asparagus sprengeri Regel. and Asparagus
plunosus Baker, from Chrysomphalus dictiospermi Morg. on
laurel, from Parlatoria oleae Colvee on apple-tree, quince,
olive, cherry plum, from Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on
pear-tree, from Aulacaspis rosae Bche. on rose. This
polypagous parasioid also parasitize Diaspidiotus prunorum
Laing., Carulaspis minima Targ., Lepidosaphes ulmi L.
Distribution: Moldova, Crimea, Caucasus, Primorsk area.
Genus Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, 1927
Diaspiniphagus similis (Masi, 1908) ( = Coccophagoidea
similis Masi).
It was breed from Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. on poplar,
willow, from Lepidosaphes ulmi L. on quince, from
Carulaspis minima Targ. on thuja. It is also recorded as
parasioid of Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing., Diaspidiotus
caucasicus Borchs ., Diaspidiotus gigas Theim and Gerneck. ,
Nuculaspis abietis Schr., Unaspis evonumi Comst. , Lecaspis
pisulla Loew. and some other scales.
Distribution: Caucasus, Central Asia, Primorsk area.
Genus Encarsia Foerster, 1878 (= Prospaltella)
Encarsia aurantii (Howard, 1894).
It was breed from Chrusomphalus dictiospermi Morg. on
laurel, ficus, pea, yucca and some other plants, from
Aspidiotus nerii Bche. on oleander and yucca.
Distribution: Black Sea coast of Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Iran,
China, Australia, North America, Argentina, Chili.
Encarsia gigas Tshum., 1957.
It was breed from Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curt. on poplar,
from Lepidosaphes ulmi on willow, from Unaspis evonymi
Comst. on spindle tree. Distribution: Caucasus, Central Asia,
Primorsk area, Hungary, former Yugoslavia, Western Europe.
Encarsia fasciata (Malenotti, 1917).
It was breed from Aonidea lauri Bouche. on laurel, from
Lepidosaphes ulmi L. on poplar, from Aulacaspis rosae
Bouche. on rose, from Unaspis evonymi Comst. on spindle
tree. It also parasitizes on Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs,
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. Adiscodiaspis tamaricicola
Mal., Aonidea lauri Boche.*, Unaspis evonymi Comst.*,
Leucaspus pusilla Loew. *.
Distribution: Eastern Georgia, central and southern parts of
Western Europe, Iran, North America.
Encarsia intermedia Ferr, 1961.
It was breed from Nuculaspis abietis Schr. on spruce, from
Lopholeucaspis yaponiсa Ckll. on subtropical crops. First
record for the fauna of Azerbaijan.
Distribution: Black Sea coast of Caucasus, Transcaucasia,
Western Europe.
Encarsia perniciosi Tower., 1913.
It was breed from Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst. on apple-
tree, quince, poplar and some other trees.
Distribution: Western Europe, Moldova, Caucasus, Central
Asia, Primorsk area, China, USA, Canada.
Encarsia leucaspidis Merc., 1912.
It was breed from Leucaspis pusilla Loew. on pine. First
record for the fauna of Azerbaijan.
Distribution: Western Europe, Caucasus.
Table 1: Trophic relationships of aphelinids (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) of Azerbaijan with their scale insect hosts
(Hemiptera, Diaspididae
)
Family Aphelinidae.
Genera and species of aphelinides
Hosts of aphelinides
Species of scale insects
Genus Aphytis Howard, 1900
1. Aphytis aonidea Mercet, 1911
Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein, 1881
Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing., 1931
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934*
Carulaspis minima Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868*
Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett, 1869.
2. Aphytis chilensis Howard, 1900
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1937
3. Aphytis maculicornis Masi, 1911
Parlatoria oleae Golvee, 1880
4. Aphytis mytilaspidis (Le Baron,1870)
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchsenius, 1935
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758
Lepidosaphes ficus Sign., 1870 .
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, 1833.
Salicicola kermanensis Lindinger, 1905.
Tecaspis prunorum Borchsenius, 1939.
Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky, 1954.
5. Aphytis proclia (Walker, 1839)
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstok, 1881.
Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein, 1881
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti, 1885
6. Aphytis testaceus Tschum., 1961
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
Carulaspis minima Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868 *
Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett, 1869.
7. Aphytis hispanicus Mercet, 1912
Parlatoria oleae Colvee, 1880
Carulaspis visci Schrank,, 1781
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1937
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morqan, 1889.
8. Aphytis chrysomphalu (Merc., 1912)
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morqan, 1889.
9. Aphytis moldavicus Yasnosh, 1958
Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein , 1881
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
~ 695 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Epidiaspis leperii Siqnorett, 1869.
Genus Coccobius Ratseburg, 1852
10. Coccobius granati Yasnosh and Mustafayeva, 1992
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934.
11.Coccobius pistasicolus (Yasnosh, 1958)
Lepidosaphes pistaciae Arch., 1918
12. Coccobius mesasiaticus (Yasnosh and Myartsova, 1975)
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borch., 1935
*
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843
13. Coccobius testaceus (Masi, 1909)
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
Lepidosaphes conchiformis Gmel., 1790 *
Lepidosaphes ficus Sign., 1870 *
Genus Ablerus Howard, 1894
14. Ablerus atomon (Walker, 1847)
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758*
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843.
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs., 1935
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst., 1881
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, 1833.
15. Ablerus celsus Walker, 1847
Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
16.Ablerus chrysomphali Ghesguire, 1960
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchsenius, 1935*
Chrysomphalus dictuospermi Morqan, 1889
Parlatoria oleae Colvee, 1880.
Genus Pteroptrix Westwood, 1833
17. Pteroptrix macropedicellata (Malac, 1947)
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, 1833.
Genus Archenomus Howard, 1898
18. Archenomus bicolor Howard,1898
Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein, 1881
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1937
Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky, 1954
19. Archenomus caucasicus Yasnosh, 1955
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchs., 1935.
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comst., 1881.
Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing., 1931
20. Archenomus longiclavae Giralt., 1959
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
21. Archenomus maritimus (Nikolskayae, 1952)
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstok, 1881
Diaspidiotus pyri Lichtenstein, 1881
Lepidosaphes granati Koroneos, 1934 *
Genus Hispaniella Mercet, 1911
22. Hispaniella lauri Mercet,1911
Diaspidiotus caucasicus Borchsenius, 1935
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstok, 1881.
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
Salicicola kermanensis Lindinger, 1905
Genus Aspidiotiphagus Howard, 1894
23. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Graw.1891
Parlatoria oleae Colve, 1880.
Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1937.
Diaspidiotus perniciosus Comstok, 1881
Diaspidiotus prunorum Laing., 1931.
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
Lepidosaphes gloverii Packard, 1869.
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni – Tozzetti,1885.
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi Morqan, 1889.
Diaspis echinocacti Bouche, 1933.
Carulaspis minima Targioni-Tozzetti, 1868
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, 1833
Tecaspis prunorum Borchsenius, 1939.
Tecaspis asiatica Balachow., 1954
Genus Diaspiniphagus Silvestri, 1927
24. Diaspiniphagus similis (Masi, 1908)
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843.
Genus Encarsia Foerster, 1878
25. Encarsia aurantii (Howard, 1894)
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
Lepidosaphes gloverii Packard, 1869.
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti, 1885.
26. Encarsia gigas Tshum., 1957
Diaspidiotus ostreaformis Curtis, 1843.
27. Encarsia fasciata (Malenotti, 1917)
Lepidosaphes ulmi Linnaeus, 1758.
Lecaspis pusilla Loew. 1883 *
Unaspis evonymi Comstok, 1881 *
Adiscodiaspis tamaricicola Malenotti, 1916
Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, 1833.
Aonidea lauri Bouche, 1833 *
28. Encarsia intermedia Ferr, 1961
Nuculaspis abietis (Schrank, 1776)
Lopholeucaspis yaponiсa Balach., 1953
29. Encarsia perniciosi Tower., 1913 Diaspidiotus
perniciosus
Comstok, 1881
30. Encarsia leucaspidis Merc., 1912 Leucaspis
pusilla
Loew., 1883
~ 696 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
Conclusions
1.
A total of 30 species of aphelinid parasitic wasps
belonging to 9 genera were recorded in the fauna of
Azerbaijan. Of these the most diverse genus was Aphytis,
including 9 species, followed by Encarsia (6 species),
Coccobius (4), Archenomus (4) and Ablerus (3). Each of
the rest four genera were represented by single species
only.
2.
Among found species 5 species (Aphytis moldavicus,
Aphytis chrysomphali, Aphytis hispanicus, Encarsia
intermedia, Encarsia leucaspidis) are recorded in the
fauna of Azerbaijan for the first time. And one species
Coccobius granati Yasnosh and Mustafayeva was
described as new for science.
3.
Seventeen species of scale insects were reported as new
hosts for aphelinids. These species are marked with an
asterisk.
References
1.
Mustafayeva G. A. Мустафаева Г.А. Aphelinids
(Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) of Eastern Azerbaijan:
fauna, ecology and practical importance., Authrefetate of
Ph.D. dissertaion, 1990, 20.
2.
Mustafayeva
GA.
Aphelinids
(Hymenoptera,
Aphelinidae) – parasies of coccids, aphids and aleyrodids
in Eastern Azerbaijan. Proceedings of Azerbaijaqn
Academy of Sciences. Serie biological sciences, Baku,
2004; 1-2:91-101.
3.
Nikolskaya MN, Yasnosh VA. Aphelinidae of European
part of USSR and Caucasus. Moscow - Leningrad: 1966,
47-110.
4.
Rzayeva LM, Yasnosh VA. Mterials to he sudy of
chalcid
fauna
(Hymenoptera,
Chalcidoidea)
of
Azerbaijan // Proceedings of Azerbaijaqn Academy of
Sciences, Baku 1975; 2:89-94.
5.
Tryapitsyn VA, Shapiro VA. Shchepetilnikova VA.
Parasites and predators of pests of agricultural crops.
Leningrad: Kolos, 1982, 256.
6.
Yasnosh V. A Fam. Aphelinidae – Aphelinids. Ler P. A.
(ed.). The key-book of insecs of Russian Far East.
Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1995; IV(2):506-551.
7.
Yasnosh VA, Mustafayeva GA. A new parasie of
pomegranate
scale
Coccobius granati
sp.n.
(Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) // Zoological Journal, 1992;
71:142-144.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |