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Conclusion
Despite its wealth in mineral and natural resources, CAR ranks 180 out of 187 countries in the 2012 United Nations
Development Programme Human Development Index. Socio–po- litical instability is the main factor hampering
development, which is the consequence of rebellions, coups and inter–ethnic fighting during the last three decades. This
has resulted in a deterioration of basic social and economic infrastructure, and has forced many school–age children out
of school. The national net school enrolment of primary schoolchildren is 63%. Despite vast resources, including gold,
timber, diamonds and uranium, it is among the poor- est nations in the world.
The Central African Republic has been racked by five coups and numerous rebellions since independence from
France in 1960 as different groups fought for control of state re- sources. That ― and spill over from conflicts in
neighbouring Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Chad ― have destroyed the rule of law, leaving a
phantom state with an ill–disciplined army, corrupt administration and a lawless interior. CAR located in an unstable
triangle bordering the DRC, Southern Sudan and Chad, which requires a regional approach to the problem. Combined,
these factors breed a cycle of instability which has left Central Africans among the poorest in the world.
The disasters that the Central African Republic endures are not natural or caused by ex- ternal political forces, but
are rather man–made and indigenous. The numerous rebel groups compete with the government and each other not on
the basis of ideological differences, but due to the personal ambitions of their leaders and competition over natural
resources (diamond mines in particular). With the exception of sporadic LRA activity in the sparsely populated far east,
conflict within CAR has caused extensive problems and outward refugee flows towards Chad in the north and Sudan in
the northeast.
The international community has reacted as usual to such a situation, that is to say too late. They lacked the
momentum to react in time before mass killing took place. However due to the French intervention, up to now they
successfully avoided a Rwanda–style genocide.
It is clear that the success of any political route forward hinges on the support of the Eco- nomic Community of the
Central African States and the African Union, as well as the United Nations. Central African actors need to find common
ground and live up to their commit- ments. And the international community has no small role to play. Political steps
should be complemented by boosting security and the rule of law. [30: 602–603] There is no shortage of priorities in this
field, starting with strengthening a national army in decay and disarming, demobilizing and reintegrating thousands of
rebels. One of the most important challenges on the horizon is to make sure that CAR does not slip back into obscurity
at a time when continued international support will be crucial.
474
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