TÜRKOLOGİYA
2014
H A n m ^ EA3HM XAH
flPEBHETroPKCKHE nHCLM EHHLIE nA M STH H K H EBPÄ3HH
P e
3
ro m e . B CTaTbe npegcraB.neH KpaTKHH oÖ3op gpeBHerropKCKHx nucbMeHHHx naMAT-
h hkob OpxoHa, T a^aca, EHHcea, ÄnTaa
u
p a g a g p y rn x perHOHOB. B Heä TaK*e 0Tpa:*eHa no3H^HA
aBTopa OTHOCHTe^bHO ^THMonorHH Ha3BaHHH
Türük bitik
-
mmpK 6umuK
/nHCbMeHHOCTb, ocoöeH-
HOCTen noMHHanbHbix oöpagoB
(noe - yoy) u
HeK
0
T
0
pw x ^TH
0
Ky.nbTypHbix TepMHHOB
(tamya
-
maM^a
‘3HaK, TaMra p o g a h ^ h oneMeHH’, ‘3HaK 30.n0T0H nenaTH KaraHa’,
bediz
- ‘KaMeHHbie H3Baa-
h h h ’,
bitigtas
-
öumuKmam
‘cre.na c HagnHcaMH’,
balbal
-
öanöanu
‘KaMeHHbie 3h^kh ynacTHHKOB
o ö p a g a ’ h gp.).
K ^ ro n e B w e c^OBa:
mrnpKono^un, ucmopun T
wpkckoü
UMnepuu, eoenno-nonumuHecKaH
cmpyKmypa, nucbMennue naMnmnuKU, noMunanbnue KOMrneKCu,
^mnoKynbmypa, Eepa3UH
OCHOBHblMH HCTOHHHKaMH nO gpeBHeTWpKCKOH HCTOpHH H KynbType aB^HWTCa nHCbMeHHbie
naM^THHKH. ^ t o ycraH
0
B.neHHbie b noMHHanbHbix KOMnneKcax cre.nbi, a TaK*e BbiceneHHbie Ha CKanax h
öw tobw x npegMeTax MHoroHHcneHHbie HagnncH, K0T0pwe cogep^aT He T0.rn.K0 HCTopnnecKHe ^aKTw,
ho h MH0*ecTB0 gpyrHx g0CT0BepH^ıx gaHHbx, b tom nncne ^THorpa^HnecKHx h ^TH0.nHHraHC-
THHeCKHX.
fl,peBHeTropKCKaa caMOöbTHaa nHCbMeHHOCTb, H3BecTHaa KaK
gtib krut > Türük bitik - T
ypyk
öumuK (mrnpK öumuK),
t o h h o ^HKcnpoBana $0H0.n0raHecKHe 3aK0H0MepH0CTH Bcero «3bK0B0r0
apyca gpeBHeTropKCKHx ^thocob. n o cncreMe an^aBHra OHa ^B^aeTca Hge0rpaMMH0-TaMr03HanH0H, a
no crpyKType - $0H0-M0p$eMH0H. CoKpa^eHHe ^OHonornnecKoro cocraBa KopHeH
u
a^HKCOB go gByx
hhh Tpex TaMr03HaK0B
06
.nerHH.n
0
bcw neKCHKO-rpaMMaTHnecKyro (cHHrapMOHHnecKyro) CTpyKTypy
gpeBHerropKCKoro «
3
bKa. flpeBHerropKCKHH öhthk, noHHTHbH h gocrynHbiH ^roöoMy TropKCKOMy
^THOcy Toro BpeMeHH, pacnpocrpaHH^ca no BceM pernoHaM TropKCKOH HMnepHH. O^H^HanbHaa goKy-
MeHra^HH b hh x Be.nacb Ha ^ to h nHCbMeHHOCTH. n p e g n
0
^
0
*Hre^bH
0
gpeBHerropKCKHH ö h th k H3BecreH
c Hanana VII b. (?). Co
3
gaH oh
6
wh no npHKa
3
y ogHoro H
3
ttopkckhx KaraHOB Ha TeppHTopHH ^eHipanbHoH
MoHro^HH (go^HHa p. OpxoH) [1-4]. ^T a go^HHa
6
bma TaK*e MecroM ochob^hhh TropKCKoro ^.ra, x o ta
Bce HCC^egoBaTe^H h TropKonorn, «3aöbB»
0
paHOHe MoHro^HH, pacn
0
^
0
*eHH
0
M b go^HHax peK
OpxoH, Tybm, Ce^eHra h b xpeörax XaHraa, go cux nop «npapogHHoH» TropKOB CHHraroT ÄnTaH. HMeHHO
^ t o t perHOH aB^aerca ^ernpoM HMnepHH xyHHOB - npegKOB TropK0-M0Hr0^0a3^iHH^ıx ^thocob.
^peBHeıropKCKHe nucbMeHa b HayKe Ha3biBaK>T pyHHnecKHMH. Ha Ham B3nnag, 3gecb 6o.ee yMecreH
TepMHH öumuK, KOTüpbiH ynoTpe6
.ra
eTCfl b opnrHHanbH^ıx gpeBHerrropKCKHx TeKCTax b 3HaneHHH ‘TropKCKaa
nHCbMeHHOCTb’. Biti- ‘nncaTb’ b gpeBHe- h cpegHeTropKCKOM K3biKe: bitig - 6umm, 6umm ‘nncbMeHa,
Hagnncb, nonepK, KHHra’, bitigci ‘nnce^, nncapb’, bitigtas - öumuumam ‘cTe.a c HagnHcaMH’, beqgütas -
öemymam ‘BenHbiH KaMeHb’ (cHMB
0
.HHecK
0
e Ha3BaHHe cTe.w c HagnncaMH), beıjgü (tike bertim) ‘BenHbiH
(KaMeHb ycTaHOBH.)’. nogo6Hoe Ha3BaHHe BcTpenaeTca b eHHceHcKHx naM^THHKax: beıjgü tike bertim ‘[a]
B03gBHr BeHHyro cT cy’ [KaMeHb] (A6arçaH E-48 h gp.) [2]. B coBpeMeHHbx ttopkckhx a3WKax - öimİK,
öimie,
öuwuk
, nmuK, nmİK, numuv;, ÖYmyK, öidiz, b gpeBHeMOHronbcKOM - bicig > ömue, b gpeBHeTyHrycc-
KO-MaHbH*ypcKOM - bithe > öumxe. nporoTTOpKcKaH ^opMa h ceMaHTHnecKoe pa3BHTHe ^Toro cnoBa: pıt-
(p'ıt-, pic-) + -caq, -tik: 1 - *p'it + caq > p'itcaq > picaq > b'icaq ‘6uTb, ygapHTb, BbfİHBaTb, B^ıpesaTb’, 2 - * p'it
+ tik > pitik > bitik > bitik ‘ho*, pe3aTb, pe3b6a, nncaTb’ [5. C.5-12].
naMHTHHKH opxoHo-eHHceHcKo-TanaccKoH
ttopkckoh
nncbMeHHocTH 6
w
.
h
pacnpocrpaHeHbi Ha
orpoMHoM reorpa^HnecKoM npocTpaHcTBe, BKnronaro^eM
b
ce6a coBpeMeHHwe MoHro.nro, XaKacnro,
TyBy, ÄnTaH, BypaTHro, Caxa-SKymK), B
octohhm
H TypKecTaH (CYAP), Ka3axcTaH, KHprH3Hro, Y36e-
KHcTaH, CeBepHHH KaBKa3, BocTonHyro EBpony [6-13]. Hcc.egoBaTe.H
b
o6a3aTe.bHoM nopagKe gaBann
hm
Ha3BaHHH Tex peK, o3ep
h
3eMe.b, rge
ohh
6
w
.
h
o6Hapy*eHH BnepBwe.
H
ctophkh
cBK3breaK>T ^
th
naM^THHKH HenocpegcTBeHHo c pa3iiHHHbiMH nepnogaMH pa3BHTHH Ka-
raHaToB
h
rocygapcTB. HsBeciHbi, HanpHMep, naM^THHKH nepnogoB cy^ecreoBaHHH TropKcKoro ^.ra,
gpeBHeKHprH3cKoro rocygapciBa, xa3apo-neneHe*cKoro coro3a, TropremcKoro rocygapciBa
h
gp.
OpxoHcKHe naMHTHHKH o6Hapy*eHbi Ha TeppHTopHH TaKux ropHbx cncıeM, KaK A.TaH, XaHraH,
CoeH, KeHTaH,
b
nycTHHe r
o
6
h
,
b
go.HHax peK OpxoH, Ce.eHra, Tyw., OHrHH, Kepy.eH, OHyH, T^c,
Xo6ga
h
o3ep KoncyKo., Kwprwc, Kapacy, Y6cw. Cpegn
hhx
MHo^eciBo Ky.bToBo-noMHHa.bH^ıx
KoMnneKcoB, nocBa^eHH^ıx H3BecTHHM KaraHaM
h
npaBHTe.HM: Bn.bre-KaraHy, Kro.b-TerHHy
(«Xemee-^aHgaM»), ToHbWKyKy («EaflH-^on»), Kro.H-nypy («Hx xemeeT»), E . eiMHm-a6ry
(«OHrHHH»), A .
thh
TaMraH-TapxaHy («X e. acraT»), E . eiMHm-KaraHy («MoroHH mnro yc»)
h
gpyrHM,
a TaK*e
cothh
HagnnceH, BwceneHH^ıx Ha yıecax, pa3.HHHbix npegMeıax, KepaMHnecKHx KHpnnnax,
MegHbx MoHeıax
h
nenaıax.
OgHoBpeMeHHo Ha ^
toh
* e TeppHTopHH 6
w
.
h
pacnpocıpaHeHH gBya3biHHbie
h
Tpext-
a3WHHHe gpeBHecorgnHcKHe naMATHHKH. TaK, HanpHMep, naM^THHK Cyg*H HanncaH Ha
gpeBHeıropKcKoM
h
corgHHcKoM a3WKax, naMATHHK Taınap-KaraHy («EyraT») Ha gpeBHecor-
A
hhckom
h
caHcKpHT-6paxMHHcKoM (?), naMATHHK nepnoga npaB.eHHa Hnpn-KaraHa («Knmn
KoHaKaH») Ha corgnHcKoM [Oosawa]. M
o
*
ho
cKa3aTb,
hto
oTHomeHHa Me*gy TropKaMH,
KHTaH^aMH
h
corgnH^aMH coxpaHa.ncb Ha npoıa^eHHH Bcero BpeMeHH cy^eciBoBaHHA
T
wpkckoh
HMnepHH.
TecHwe ToproBo-Ky.bTypHwe KoHiaKiw corgnH^eB c ıropKaMH (mnpe - cıenHWMH KoneBHHKaMH)
npHBe.H
k
ToMy,
hto
corgnHcKaH nncbMeHHocib cıana Hcno.b3oBaTbca
h
b
3anagHoH naciH TropKcKoro
^ .
h
, o
höm
cBHgeTe.bciByroT HyMH3MaiHHecKHe KoMnneKcb HancKoro oa3nca [14-15]. flpeBHenropKcKHH
6
hthk
h
corgHHcKaa nncbMeHHocib cy^eciBoBann napan.e.bHo
h
noc.e pacnaga TropKcKoro
rocygapciBa (nog yc.oBHbM Ha3BaHHeM II TropKcKoro KaraHaıa). To.bKo
b
IX
b
. Ha ^oHo.ornnecKoH
ocHoBe gpeBHeıropKcKoro 6nTHKa 6
w
. co3gaH gpeBHeyHrypcKHH 6
hthk
no corgnHcKoH Bepcnn. !3ıa
nepBaa nonbTKa ^oHemHecKoH TpaHc^opMa^HH gpeBHeıropKcKoro «3bKa Ha HHoan^aBHiHoH 6a3e
3a^HKcnpoBaHa
bo
MHornx nncbMeHHbix naM^THHKax - r.aBHbM o6pa3oM pe.HrHo3Ho-gHgaKTH-
necKoro xapaKTepa. ^eBHerropKCKHH
öhthk
He yTpamn CBoen HMnepcKOH 3HanHMOCTH BnnoTb go
XII B.
HoBaa (npe0Öpa30BaHHaa) nHCbMeHHOCTb y CTenHHx
koh
^
bhhkob
EBpa3HH noaB.ra.nacb
bo
BpeMa reono.HTHnecKHx H3MeHeHHH, ocoöeHHO
b
nepnogw pennrH03H0-n0nHTHHecKHx
h
^KOHOMHnecKHx nepeMeH (BHegpeHHe MaHHxeHcTBa, 6yggH3Ma, xpHCTHaHCTBa, Mycy.bMaHCTBa
u gp.).
EHHceHcKHe naMATHHKH (
b
o6^eM KonnnecTBe 6onee 180) HaögeHbi
b
XaKacnn, TyBe,
b
KypraHax, pacnono^eHHwx
b
go.HHax peK EHHceH, A6aKaH, KeMHHK, KeMb, Oa
h
^nerecr. n o
onpegeneHHro yHeHbix, 6o.bmHHCTBO ^
thx
naMHTHHKOB
othochtca
k
V I-X
bb
. ^ 3
h k
, Ha
kotopom
ohh
HanncaHH, npHHHcnaroT
k
gpeBHexaKaccKOMy, KHprH3CKOMy, anTaHcKOMy, mopcKOMy
h
TyBHHCKOMy a3WKaM. n o HamHM * e gaHHbiM, «3
wkobhx
pa3.HHHH Me*gy TeKCTaMH
eHHCeHCKHX, OpXOHCKHX, Ta.aCCKHX H gpyrHX naMATHHKOB HeT. B eHHCeHCKHX naM^THHKaX
ynoMHHaroTca TaKHe ^thohhm h, KaK mwpK, mmp^em, an,
huk
h gp. B caMOM 6o.bmoM TeKCTe
HacHHTHBaeTca 400 TaMr03HaK0B. HagnncH no cogep^aHHro - b ochobhom THna ^nHTa^HH.
CHaHana b hhx Ha3HBaroTca hms, MecTo po^geHHa h pog repoa, a 3aTeM o t ero HMeHH
onHCbiBaeTCfl rope [16-18].
TanaccKHe naMHTHHKH. Ha cerogHamHHH geHb hx HaHgeHO CBbirne 42 (b gonHHe p. Tanac,
npoTeKaro^eH b rpaHH^ax Ka3axcTaHa h KnprH3HH). HagnncH BbiaBneHbi b ochobhom Ha OKpyranx
KaMHax-BanyHax (Tanac 1-17, Kohkop 1-25) h Ha CKanax [19]. n o cogep^aHHro ohh aHanoraHHbi
TeKCTaM eHHceHcKHx naM^THHKOB. O ahoh H3 HHTepecHeHmnx HaxogoK (1932 r. - MecTHOCTb
AHHKTac) aBnaeTca yHHKanbHaa gepeBaHHaa nanoHKa c gpeBHeTropKCKOH Hagnncbro. npaBga,
noKa cogep^aHHe ^ to h HagnncH no.HOCTbro He pacmn^poBaHO. O TaKoro ra n a gepeBaHHOH
nanoHKe CBHgeTe.bCTByeT h KHTaöcKHH nncbMeHHbH hctohhhk: «BapBapb (xyHHb. - H.E.)
ynoTpe6nann gepeBAHHyro nanoHKy gna HagnnceH».
naMHTHHKH BocTOHHoro TypKecTaHa. K
hhm
OTHOcaTca pyKonncH Ha 6yMare, HagnncH
Ha cTeHax xpaMOB
h
cTpoeHHH, a TaK*e Ha crenax. Bce
ohh
HaHgeHb Ha TeppHTopHH CnHb^3«H-
YHrypcKoro aBTOHOMHoro paHoHa -
b
Typ^aHe, ^yHxyaHe, MnpaHe. B noMHHanbHOM KOMnneKce
Hnpn-KaraHa TeKCT Ha gpeBHecorgnHcKOM a3bKe HanncaH Ha KaMeHHOM H3BaaHHH (6egH3e)
KaraHa. CaMbH KpynHbiH gpeBHeTropKCKHH nncbMeHHbH naM^THHK pernoHa - «ragaTe.bHaa
KHHra», cocToa^aa 6onee HeM H3 60 crpaHH^ [1]. naMATHHKH BocTOHHoro TypKecTaHa
HCcnegyroTca HaHHHaa c 1902 r.
naMHTHHKH ^ e p ra H b i o6Hapy*eHbi
b
60-
x
rr. npom noro CToneTHa
b
paHoHax Hc^apbi,
KapaMa3apa, OepraHbi. ^
to
MeTKH Ha pa3.HHHbx npegMeTax (
b
h
^
cthocth
KepaMHHecKHx).
Bcero HacHHTbiBaeTca 6onee 13 ^parneHTapHbix HagnnceH [20-21].
EaÜKa^ h öacceHH J e H u - Han6o.ee ganbHHH b ceBep
0-B0CT0HH0M HanpaB.eHHH apean
gpeBHeTropKCKoro 6nTHKa [12; 22]. 3gecb HaHgeHO OKO.O 20 Me.KHx HagnnceH.
riaıviHTHHKn A ^Taa - ^
to
6onee 83 HacKanbHbix HagnueH, HagnuceH Ha CTenax
h
npegMeTax, o6Hapy*eHHbx
b
norpe6eHuax [23-24].
naM»THHKH CeBepHoro KaBKa3a
h
B
octohhoh
EBponw npegcTaB.eHb
b
ochobhom
^nn-
Ta^H^MH (
hx
CBbme 100). HagnHCH BbaBneHb TaK*e Ha cocyge H3 Knaga HoHg-CeHT-
MnKnoma. naMATHHKH ^yHaHcKoro, Bonro-^OHCKoro
h
CeBepo-KaBKa3CKoro perHOHOB ^BnaroTca
naMHTHHKaMH 6ynrapcKoH rpynnb [13].
CnoBapHbiH cocTaB gpeBHeTropKCKoro nncbMeHHoro A3biKa (6onee 1500
c
.
ob
) HaMHoro
o6nerHaeT HayHHyro HHTepnpeTa^nro apxeonorHHecKHx
h
^THorpa^HHecKHx MaTepnanoB no
gpeBHHM TropKaM. O
co
6
h h
HHTepec npegcTaBnaroT nncbMeHHbe naM^THHKH noMHHanbHbix
KOMnneKCOB.
HcropHH TropKCKoH HMnepHH TecHO CBa3aHa c HcropHeH ero KaraHOB
h
npaBHreneH. 06Ha-
py^eHHHe noMHHanbHbie KOMnneKCH
h
crenH c HagnncaMH, cgenaHHHMH no noBogy CMeprn Han6o.ee
H3BecrHbix H3
hhx
, cocpegoTOHeHH rnaBHHM 06pa30M
b
gonHHax peK OpxoH, Tybin, OHrHH, CeneHra
h
T^c. K HHM OTHOCaTCa:
1. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC «Knmn KOHaKaH» (BpeMa npaB.eHHa TaTnap-KaraHa - 582
r ) ;
2. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb Hnpn-KaraHa (KHP, CYAP. «MoHron xyp^» - 599
r ) ;
3. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb En eTMHm-a6ry («OHrHHH» - 728 r.?);
4. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb Kronn-Hypa (731 r.);
5. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb Kro.b-TerHHa (732 r.);
6. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb Bnnbre-KaraHa (734 r.);
7. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb ToHbWKyKa (728-734 rr. ?);
8. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb AnTaH TaMraH-TapxaHa (735 r.);
9. 1-a CTena b n
0MHHanbH0M KOMnneKce b HecTb En eTMHm Bnnbre-KaraHa («MoroHH
m nro yc» - 760 r.);
10. 2-a CTena b n
0MHHanbH0M KOMnneKce b HecTb En eTMHm Bnnbre-KaraHa («TapnaT,
T^px» - 762 r.);
11. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC «BoM6orop» (V III-IX
bb
.);
12. noMHHanbHbiH KOMnneKC « 0 .
oh
Hyyp» (V III-IX
bb
.);
13. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb YHryp-KaraHa (Kapa6anracyHCKHH - 1-a CTena, IX
B.);
14. noMHHanbHHH KOMnneKC
b
HecTb Kro.b-TapxaHa (V III-IX
bb
.).
EcTb TaK*e MHO^ecTBO gpyrnx KpynHHx noMHHanbHHx KOMnneKCOB, ogHaKO KOMy ohh
nocBa^eHH noKa He ycTaHOB.eHO. K ^thm KOMnneKcaM mo*ho OTHecTH h KOMnneKCH c
xapaKTepHHMH KaraHCKO-KHa^ecKHMH oco6eHHOcraMH: «fflaTap Hynyy», « Y .x h h 6ynaH»,
«fflHB^^T TonroH», «XerHe TapHH», «ƏreeMep», «XemeeH Tan» u gp. n o HeKOTopHM gaHHHM,
Ha TeppHTopHH MoHro.HH 3a$HKcnp0BaH0 CBHme 80 gpeBHeTropKCKHx noMHHanbHHx
KOMnneKCOB [25-26]. HecMOTpa Ha to h to TaKHe KpynHHe KOMnneKCH, KaK «Hg^p», « rh h ^ h h
6ynar», «C ^b* yyn», «M hb^^t ynaaH», «ƏHreT», «^,agra» h «Xyhc TonroH», xoTa 6 h
nacTHHHO,
ho
Bce * e H3yneHb, Bonpocbi
hx
xpoHonornn
h
aTpnöy^HH no-npe*HeMy ocTaroTca
aKTya^bHbMH [27]. ^
to
oötacHaeTca TeM,
hto
TropKCKaa apxeo^orna
b
MoHro^HH He Bxogn^a
b
hhc
^
o
nony^apHbx HayK.
CoraacHO n.H.ryMH^eBy KaraHOB h npaBmeneH TropKCKoro
6w.no öo^ee 80 [28]. B
KHTaHcKHx * e HCTOHHHKax «CyH my», «H *oy my» h «CnHb TaH my» ynoMHHaroTca HMeHa 83
KaraHOB [29]. B cba
3h c ^thm mw M0*eM npegno^araTb, hto noMHHanbHbie KOMnneKCbi öw^h
nocTpoeHb He g.ra Bcex hux.
C^egyeT nogHepKHyTb, h to go HacToa^ero BpeMeHH b KaraHCKO-KHa^ecKHx noMHHanbHbix
KOMn^eKcax He HaHgeHO hh ogHoro norpeöeHHa. Bepo^THO, gpeBHHe TropKH xopoHH^H ^okoHhhkob
b «TaHHbx» MecTax. HMeHHO no^TOMy Bonpoc
06 oöpage KpeMa^HH go chx nop ocTaeTca
otkpwtwm h oahhm H3 caMbx npo
6.neMaTHHHbix b H3yHeHHH hx HCTopHH. PHTya.n 0TnpaB.neHHA
nOKOHHHKa COnpOBO^ga^Ca OCO^wMH geHCTBHflMH H yCTaH
0B.neHHflMH. C00TBeTCTBeHH0
CTaTHCTHKe npn apxeo^orHHecKHx pacKonKax H a^e Bcero o
6Hapy*HBaroTca coBMecTHwe
3axopoHeHHa He^OBeKa h pa3^HHHwx npegMeTOB [30].
Bo Bcex H
3BecTHbix KaraHCKO-KHa^ecKHx KOMn^eKcax BCTpeHaeTca TaMra, b ochobhom
KaraHCKaa. CTpyKTypa H
3o6pa*eHHa Ha ^to h TaMre cHHKpeTHHHa, a ^THOceMaHTHKa nepegaeTca
b yc^OBHOM c
0BMecTH0M B0cnp0H3BegeHHH «nTHHbero K^roBa, Kpw^beB, Te^a h Horn BO^Ka,
xBOCTa h pora o.neHA» - börü + qut//qus + buyu - ‘bo^k +
6epKyT + o^eHb (apxap)’ [31. Phc.1] /
‘mnoBa h mea koha h ronoBa BO^Ka’ [32].
Ha CTe^e TaTnap-KaraHa c HaBepmneM b BHge BO^HbeH ronoBw b corgnHcKOM TeKCTe
HMeroTca c^OBa tr-'wkt' (')sy-n's - mwpKwm amuHac [33], K
0T0pwe b KHTaHcKHx hctohhhk^x
HHTaroTCA KaK a-schi-na > amuHa. ^aHHoe Ha
3BaHHe, ^B^aro^eeca HMeHeM npegKa KaraHCKHx
pogoB, Bnoc^egcTBHH cra.no pogoBwM. KnTaH^w (h corgnH^w) Hepe
3 M0Hr0.n0fl3biHHbiH ^thoc
CTa^H Ha3wBaTb KaraHCKHe pogw h b mnpoKOM noHHMaHHH Bcex TropKOB cinuw-a > cm u > con
>
hoho
(amuHa - bo^k) [34], cinuw-a + s//cinuw-a + d >
hoho
+
c
//
hoho
+ d (amuö^ - bo^kh).
B gpeBHeTropKCKOM «
3wKe c.n0B0 amuHa He BCTpeHaeTca, ho b HeM ecTb ^KBHBa^eHTHoe eMy no
3HaHeHHro c.n0B0 eonK - börü > 6opy.
KoHeBwe ^thocw - ory3, T0Ky3 ory3, cerH3 ory3, yH ory3, Typrem, oh ok, KypwKaH, yH
KypwKaH,
6aHwpKy, yHryp, oh yHryp, Kwprw3, hhk, Kap^yK, 6acMbM, 0Ty3 TaTap, kwt^h, TaTa6w
h MHorne gpyrne, ynoMHHaeMwe b Hagnncax, HMe^H cboh TaMrn. 06^eoneMeHHbie h
npoH3BogHwe o t hhx, a TaK*e ^HHHwe, ceMeHHwe h pogoBwe, ohh onpege.ra.nH co^na^bHwH
CTaTyc hx B^age^b^eB, npaBO Ha co^CTBeHHOCTb h T.g. C^obo tamya ‘TaMra’ gpeBHHMH TropKaMH
ynoTpe
6.ra.nocb b gByx 3HaHeHHax: ‘3HaK, TaMra poga h^h oneMeHH’ h ‘3HaK 30.n0T0H neHaTH
KaraHa’. KopeHb ^Toro cnoBa b gpeBHeTropKCKHx Hagnncax H
3MeHA.ncfl cnegyro^HM 06pa30M:
tap-//tab-
( ‘
3a*HraTb,
c*eHb,
K^eHMHTb,
ocraTKH,
ocTaBHTb
c.neg,
TonTaTb,
CTona,
HacTynHTb’)//> tam- ( ‘H
3r 0T0BHTe.nb neHaTH, xpaHHTe^b neHaTH - tam yacf) > tanba ( ‘TaH6a,
TaBpnpoBaTb’). B gpeBHeM
0Hr0nbCK0M «3wKe coxpaHH^ncb cnoBa taba > mae ‘cneg’, tamaya >
maMa^a ‘TaMra’.
flpeBHeıropKcKHe
TaMru
6
w
.
h
oco6o
b
^
sh w m
HHcıpyMeHToM
o6o3HaneHHa
h
pery.npoBaHHa co^na.bHo-^KoHoMHHecKHx
h
no.HTHnecKHx oTHomeHHH, a TaK*e Me*n.eMeH-
hwx
h
Me^rocygapcTBeHHwx BonpocoB TropKcKoro o6^eciB a. noHTH Ha Bcex naMATHHKax
gpeBHHx TropKoB HMeroıca TaMrn
h
pa3.HHHwe 3HaKH. M
o
*
ho
npegno.o^HTb,
hto
cy^ecTBoBa.H
h
o6pagw,
cHMBo.H3HpoBaBmne
o6tegHHeHHe
n.eMeH
c
TpagH^neH
Hcno.b3oBaHHa TaMro3HaKoB. fl,peBHeTropKcKHe TaMrn g e.H .n cb Ha HecKo.bKo rpynn: TaMrn
Bwcmux npaBHTe.eH TropKcKoro
- KaraHa, a6ry, magoB, TerHHoB, nypoB, TapxaHoB, 6eKoB
h
gpyrnx; TaMrn pogo-n.eMeHHwx o6tegHHeHHH (ogHa TaMra
h
npoH3BogHwe
ot
Hee); TaMrn
oıge.bH w x .HHHocıeH
h
naıpnapxa.bH w x ceMeH (.HHHwe TaMrn, MeTKH
TaBpeHHa .omageH
h
gpyroH
ckothhw
). HecKo.bKo TaMro3HaKoB
b
oahom
Mecıe - ^
to
y * e «nncbMeHHwH
goroBop», cBHgeıe.bcTByro^HH o6 o6tegHHeHHH
h
npHMHpeHHH n.eMeH, a TaK*e o
npoBegeHHH coBMecTHwx o6pagoB
b
^
tom
Mecıe (fflHB^^T-y.aaHcKaa c ı e .a c 60 TaMraMH
h
3HaKaMH, EoM6oropcKaa c ıe .a , TaMrn «EHHHrT y.aaH xaga», «TaHxap n y .y y »
h
«rypBaH
MaHga.», TaMrn
b
Ca.6wK-KypraHe
h
gp.) [35. P
hc
. 2].
HecMoıpa Ha Ha.HHHe MHoronnc.eHHwx apxeo.ornnecKHx naM^THHKoB, nncbMeHHwx
h
ycTHwx
hctohhhkob
, npo6.eMa peKoHcıpyK^HH o6pagoB gpeBHeıropKcKoro nepnoga TaK
h
He
c ıa .a o6teKToM npncıa.bH oro BHHMaHHa TropKo.oroB.
Hcc.egoBaHHA ^THorpa^HH gpeBHHx tw pkob npoBogn.Hcb «To.bKo Ha onncaıe.bHoM
ypoBHe». YneHwe-^THorpa^w cK.oHaroıca k To.KoBaHHro gpeBHeıropKcKHx Ky.bTypHwx
KoMn.eKcoB c no3H^HH coBpeMeHHwx TropKoa3wHHwx HapogoB. ^THM H o6tacH^eTca
oTcyTcTBHe HayHHo
o6ocHoBaHHwx ^THorpa^HnecKHx peKoHcıpyK^HH.
MnpoBo33peHHe
gpeBHHx TropKoB b Tpygax MHornx Hcc.egoBaTe.eH paccMaıpHBaeıca c npHB.eneHHeM
n a p a ..e .e H H3 npaKTHKH a.TaHcKHx h .h TyBHHcKHx maMaHoB. H ^to npn tom, h to b
gpeBHeıropKcKHx nncbMeHHwx HcıonHHKax acho Bwpa^eHa ocHoBHaa Tpna.bHaa cncıeMa
MHpoBo33peHHA (c ıe .w Kro.b-TerHHa h En.bre-KaraHa): Teyiri > Tempu; K isi oyuli > C un
nenoeeKa; Jer > 3eMnn (oTcyTCTByroT npegcıaB.eHHfl o6 «age»). ^Ty cncıeMy Heo6xogHMo
yHHTwBaTb npn HHTepnpeTa^HH Tex h . h hhwx apxeo.ornnecKHx o6beKToB h ^THorpa^HnecKHx
o6pagoB [36] .
noKMoneHue T em pu, 3eMne u dyxaM npeduoe - ochobhoh TpagH^noHHwH o6pag gpeBHHx
TropKoB. E^erogH o nepeg 3apeH ogHoro H3 .eTHHx gHeH MHoronHc.eHHwH Hapog co 6npa.ca
g .a BcTpeHH Bocxoga co.H^a, g .a noK.oHeHHa TeHrpn h 3eM.e, a TaK*e g .a coBepmeHHa
Tpane3w (as > ac) b necTb gyxoB npegKoB h g .a H36paHHa KaraHa. B ^ to t geHb 6 w .
geHcTBHTe.bHo Be.HKHH npa3gHHK: .ro6oH H3 npHcyTCTByro^Hx Ha HeM tw pkob c no3Bo.eHHa
TeHrpn (Tegiri yari'lqaduq ücün) Mor o6pecTH ero cnny (Teqiri küc) u Kym (qut) ‘6 .a ro , go6po’.
B ^epeMoHHax ynacTBoBa.H qam > KaMu (no-MoHro.bcKH böge > 6əə, niduyan > ydean, no-
TyHryccKH sam + an > maMaHu), KoTopwe nepegaBa.H cnny TeHrpn h cBa^eHHoH 3eM.H (Umay
> VMaü, Iduq je r > bldyK uep, Jer suw > Hep cy//(suw + je r) > Cuöup) .rog^M, ocy^ecT B .a.H
cBA3b Me*gy npegKaMH h noıoMKaMH.
« n p u Bo3BegeHHH rocygapa Ha n p e c ıo . 6.H*aHm ne Ba^Hbie caHoBHHKH ca^aroT ero Ha
b o h .o k h no co.H ^y o6 h o cat KpyroM geB^Tb pa3. n p n Ka^goM pa3e hhhobhhkh K.aHaroTca
npeg hhm» (KHTaHcKHe hctohhhkh). n o oKoHnaHHH ^epeMoHHa.a KaraHaM gaBa.H THTy.bHoe
npo3BH^e (Hanp.: Teqiriteg Teqiri yaratm'is Türük Bilge qayan > He6ecHwH He6opo*geHHwH
TropK En.bre-KaraH). ^ t o Bno.He cooTBeıcTBoBa.o Tpagn^HH Hcno.b3oBaHHa aHTponoHHMoB b
gpeBHeTropKCKHH nepuog. y TropKOB 6
h
.
o
co6cTBeHHoe geTCKoe, roHomecKoe
h
HHHOBHHHbe
npo3BH^e, a TaK*e
hms
, nonyHeHHoe
b
CTapocTH. H
ma
CHHa KyTnyK EnTepnm-KaraHa KaK Tern-
Ha
h
maga - B n .b re, a ero co6cTBeHHoe - Bökülen > BoKyneH (no KHTaHcKOMy HCTOHHHKy -
MornnaHb).
noMUHanbHbie oöpadm. Pm yan OTnpaB.eHHa noKoHHHKa 3aHHMan 3HaHHTe.bHoe MecTO b
o6pagoBoH npaKTHKe gpeBHHx TropKOB.
Ho^. yoy (Hor) 6 h . mnpoKO pacnpocTpaHeHHHM o6pagoM. B Hero b x o a h .h H3Be^eHHe o
CMepTH - tilci > munnu, nnaH no n
0K0HH0My (siyıtcı > c u ^u m n u - nnaKanb^HKH, yHacTHHKH
noMHHanbHoro o6paga), coopy^eHHe MaB3onea-KypraHa (noMHHanbHoro KOMnneKca) öapuK,
ycTaHOBKa KaMHa c Hagnncbro (bitiktas > öumuKmaw), KaMeHHoro H3BaaHHa (6egH3a),
CKy.bnTyp ^ h b o th h x , KaMeHHHx c to .6 o b (6an6anoB), yro^eHHe Ha noMHHKax (yoy asi/fyoy
basan > üo^ amu//6acaH). Oco6eHHO HHTepecHbi b ^tom OTHomeHHH orpoMHbie KOMnneKCH TaTnap-
KaraHa, «yHF3T», «fflaTap Hynyy», «Hg^p», «M hb^^t ynaaH», Bnnbre-KaraHa, Kro.b-TerHHa,
ToHbWKyKa,
En
eTMHm-KaraHa
(MoHHH-Hypa),
En
eTMHm-a6ry
(Oh^hhh),
KOTopHe
npegHa3HaHanHCb gna npoBegeHHa He TonbKO noMHHanbHbix o6pagoB, ho h gpyrnx oco6o Ba^Hbix
co^nanbHbix MeponpnaTHH - npa3gHOBaHHa no6egH Hag BparoM, pa3geneHHa pagocTH b cba3h c
po^geHHeM geTeH, npoBogoB b gopory c no^enaHHeM go6poro nyTH h T.n.
Eedu3. ^peBHeTropKCKoe cnoBo bediz HMeeT 3HaHeHHe ‘KaMeHHHe H3BaaHHa’, T.e. nog
hhmh cnegyeT noHHMaTb cpegHeBeKOBHe CKy.bnTypH koh^bhhkob. ^THMonorna cnoBa: o t
KopHa bet- > 6em-//bed- > 6eö: 6em - ‘n n ^o ’, 6eöep - ‘pe3b6a’, 6 eü m - ‘pncyHOK’, 6oü - ‘Teno,
TynoBH^e’. KaMeHHHe H3BaaHHa pacnpocTpaHeHH no BceMy eBpa3HHCKOMy ropHO-CTenHOMy
npocTpaHCTBy. H an 6 o .ee MHoroHHcneHHH ohh b MoHro.HH, Ha AnTae, b XaKacnn, TyBe,
Ka3axcTaHe, KnprH3HH, Boctohhom TypKecTaHe (KnTaH). TaK KaK 6egH3H (bediz > 6edu3)
oTpa^ann oco6hh BoeHHo-co^HanbHbiH CTaTyc tw pkckhx npaBHTeneH, hx coopy^eHHro b
gpeBHeTropKCKoH Ky.bType npngaBanocb 6o.bm oe 3HaHeHHe. HanpHMep, npegcTaBHTeneH
BHcmeH apncToKpaTHH H3o6pa*ann b cngaHeH no3e. C to h k h 3peHHa co^nanbHo-paHroBoH
nepapxHHecKoH
cncTeMH tw pkob, T.e.
pa3geneHHa rocygapcTBeHHo-agMHHHCTpaTHBHoH
CTpyKTypH Ha Tpn KpH.a (gecaTHHKH, cothhkh, th cah h h k h ), CKy.bnTypH koh^bhhkob 6 h .h
Tpex THnoB: 1 - KaraHCKo-KHa^ecKHe; 2 - KoHeBbie apncToKpaTHHecKHe; 3 - pogo-nneMeHHHx
Bo^geH [37. Phc. 3]. Cnoco6 BHno.HeHHa KaMeHHHx H3BaaHHH 3aBHcen o t MacTepcTBa pe3HHKa,
T.e. o t bedizci > 6eöu3nu. n o Tpagn^HH gpeBHHx tw pkob, 6egH3H ycTaHaB.HBann b boctohhoh
HacTH orpagKH .h ^o m k BocToKy, T.e. no HanpaB.eHHro k Bocxogy co.H^a. K BocToKy * e o t
orpa^geHHHx 6egH3oB CTaBHnn 6an6a.H , CHMBonronpyro^He yHacTHHKoB norpe6a.bHo-
noMHHanbHoro o6paga. Ha KaMeHHHx CKy.bnTypax H3o6pa*ann börük > 6opyK ‘ronoBHbie
y 6 o p b ’, burum > 6ypyM ‘k o c h ’, si'rya > cup^a ‘cepbrn’, ton ‘o g e * g a ’, etik > emuK ‘o6yBb’,
duliya> öynu^a ‘mneM’, beldik ‘noaca’, picaq > numaK ‘h o * h ’, qilic ‘ca6nn’, gyus> süyüg
‘Konba’, oq ‘c T p e .b ’, ayaq > aüaK ‘cocygbi’ h gpyrne npegMeTH, h to gaeT HaM HHTepecHyro
^THorpa^HHecKyro HH^opMa^nro o Tex BpeMeHax.
EapbiK. barYq - o 6 ^ee Ha3BaHHe noMHHanbHbix KoMnneKcoB. ^THMonorna cnoBa He coBceM
acHa, ogHaKo mo*ho npegnono^HTb TaKyro ceMaHTHKy: bar- > 6ap- o3HaHaeT ‘HMeTb, HMy^ecTBo’,
barıqm yaratdım > 6apKUH üapamduM - ‘nocrpoHn Hagrpo6ue, coopy^eHHe’, a cnoBa ev barYm -
^ t o
‘ropTa
h
* H n n ^e’ (ev barYq - ‘ropTa
h
HMy^ec
r a
o’) [38]. Ha n
0HeTH0M MecTe noMHHanbHoro
KOMnneKca (Ha CTopoHe 3aKaTa conH^a) ycraHaBnHBann cne^nanbHbie coopy^eHHa
b
BHge
a^HKa (orpagKH) - barYq > 6apuK. HeK0T0pwe HCcnegoBaTenn CHHTaroT,
h t o ^ t h
«orpagKH,
fl^HKH, 6n0KH Ha gpeBHeTropKCKHX nOMHHanbHblX naM^THHKaX HMHTHpyroT CXeMy KOCMHHeCKOH
ropw...»
h h t o
«orpagKa-H3BaaHHe - 6a.n6a.nbi ecTb (Ky.nbT0B0e) coopy^eHHe, CTpyKTypa KOToporo
o6ycnoBneHa MHp0B033peHHecKHMH yHHBepcanHHMH», T.e. «...Mogenb MHpa» [27; 39]. CornacHO * e
HamuM HCcnegoBaHH^M 6apuK He ^BnaeTca
h h
«K
0CMHHecK0H ropoH»,
h h
«M
0genbro MHpa»,
o h
npocTO «CHMB0n goMa noKoHHoro
h
ero goMamHHx Be^eH». EapuK -
^ t o
eb barıq > rnpma u 6apuK
(ee^u ) ‘ KaMeHHwH goM’ (cHMBon ropTw) noKoHHoro
b ^ t o m
MHpe. fl,na noMHHOBeHHa
h
Bwpa^eHHa yBa^eHHa
k
n
0K0HH0My Ha ero «KaMeHH0M goMe» genann HagnncH, H3o6pa*ann
pa3nHHHwe y30pw, TaMrn, CHMBonw TeHrpn (MH^HHecKHx nTH^, nbBOB
h
T.n.), K0T0pwe
onH^eTBopann goMamHrow yTBapb ropTw - TaKyro KaK caHgwK, TycKHH3, cwpMaK, Kepere.
KaMeHHoe H3BaaHHe -
^ t o
CBoero poga o6pa3 noKoHHoro, a CTena c Hagnncbro - n0BecTB0BaHHe
o
ero
* h 3 h h h
coBepmeHHwx
h m
nogBHrax, ocTaBneHHoe
b
Ha3HgaHHe n
0T0MKaM. Ayma no-
KoHHoro, T.e. ero ongun > omoH, yneTaeT
b h h o h
MHp, a 6an6anw yKa3brnaroT eH nyTb
k
TeHrpn
(tay ‘3apa’ > Tegiri). B gpeBHeTropKCKHx Hagnncax uca bardı > yHa 6apdu - ‘yneTen
o h ’
(TeKCT
Ha CTenax Kronb-TerHHa
h
Bnnbre-KaraHa).
Eum uK m am (bitigtas) - ^to CTena c HagnncaMH. O ahoh H3 cocraBnaro^Hx b gpeB-
HeTropKCKOM KaraHCKO-KHa^ecKOM n0MHHanbH0M KOMnneKce ^BnaroTca CTenw c nocraMeHTaMH-
HepenaxaMH (baqatas > 6aKamam?). TaKHe CTenw - ^BHoe CBHgeTenbCTBO BnnaHHa Ha gpeBHHx
TropKOB KynbTypw KHTaH^eB. B to * e BpeMa ohh c to a t Ha Hepenaxax, h to CHMBonronpyeT
«BeHHyro» BnacTb koh^bhhkob Hag Ta6raHaMH (T.e. «HepenaxaMH»). K ^toh rpynne naMHTHHKOB
OTHOcaTca CTenw TaTnap-KaraHa, Hg^pcKaa, «YnxwH 6ynaH», «XemeeH Tan», Bnnbre-KaraHa, Kronb-
TerHHa, En eTMHm-a6ry, En eTMHm-KaraHa (TapnaTHHCKaa, T^chhckm), «M^nxnH TonroH» h gp.
Eanöanbi. balbal > 6an6an - cn0B0 gpeBHeTropKCKoro npoHCxo*geHena: bal + bal ( ‘6nTb,
ygapHTb, ycTaHOBHTb’) > balbal ( ‘ycTaHOBneHHwe k^mhh, Bw6nTwe KaMHH’). Hncno 6an6an0B h
hx ycTaHOBKa no HanpaBneHHro k Bocxogy conH^a yKa3wBaroT He T0nbK0 Ha K0nHHecTB0
yHacTHHKOB noMHHanbHoro o6paga, ho h Ha paHr yMepmero b CTporoH BoeHHO-nonHTHHecKoH
CHCTeMe
gpeBHHx
tw pkob.
HccnegoBaTen^MH
6an6an
Ha3BaH
«KaMeHH
0H
6a6oH»,
«o6o3HaHeHHeM HHcna y^HTwx BparoB» (Ha 0CH0Be KHTaHcKoro HCTOHHHKa), «kohob^3hwm
CTon6oM» h T.g. [40-41]. Ho c TaKOH TpaKTOBKOH Ha3BaHHa cornacHTbca Henb3a, h6o OHa
npoTHBopeHHT ^aKTaM. TaK, ecnn 6w 6an6anw 6wnn CHMBonaMH y^HTwx BparoB, to Ha hhx He
6wno 6w gpeBHeTropKCKHx HagnnceH h t^k hx KaraHCKHx TaMr, KaK, HanpHMep, 10 TaMr Ha 6an-
6anax b KOMnneKce Ennbre-KaraHa: sab'ira tarqan balbal'i ‘6an6an BIc6apa (Ca6wpa?)-TapxaHa’;
baz qayan'iy balbal tikmis ‘ycTaHOBHn 6an6an (b HecTb) gna Ea3-KaraHa’; q'iry'iz qayan'iy balbal
tikdim ‘ycTaHOBHn 6an6an (b HecTb) gna Kwprw3-KaraHa’. ^ t h HagnncH ^BnaroTca, CKopee,
«nognncbro yHacTHHKOB o6paga», HeM o6o3HaHeHHeM HMeHH Bpara. Henb3a yTBep^gaTb h to ,
h to CBwme 1000 oahhohhw x 6an6an0B, a TaK*e gByx-, Tpex- h HeTwpexpagHwe ^BnaroTca
K0H0B^3bro, TaK KaK, BO-nepBwx, ohh pacnono^eHw cnnmKOM TecHO (KOMnneKC «Hg^p»,
«Cwpranw» h gp.), bo-btopwx, ecTb MH0*ecrB0 gpyrnx cnoco6oB «npHB^3aTb» koha Ha
MecTHOCTH (HanpHMep CTpeHO^HTb ero), B-TpeTbHx, npn coBepmeHHH noMHHanbHwx o6pagoB
Ka^gbiH ynacTHHK g o .* eH 6 w . nocıaBHTb
cboh
6 a .6 a ., T.e. 3acBHgeıe.bcTBoBaTb cBoe
yBa^eHHe
k
noKoHHoMy.
^ H T E P A T y P A
1.
Ea3unxaH H.
T
y p
İ
k
6İ
t
İ
kt
İ^ TapnxH-.HHrBHcTHKa.wK Herİ3gepi // ^a3arç opgacw.
A.MaTw, 2003. N° 4.
2.
Yenə onun.
T
y p
İ
k
6İ
t
İ
kt
İ^ TapnxH-.HHrBHcTHKa.wK Herİ3gepi // ^a3arç opgacw.
A.MaTw, 2003. N° 5-6.
3.
On
z
e.
D rev n et
ju
rkski
j
bitik, fo n o -m o rfem n a
ja
stru k tu ra pism ennosti i p ro b lem
y
in te rp re ta
c
ii tek sto v // Tez. dokl. M e
z
d u n ar. sim poz., posv
jasc
. 110-leti
ju
d e
s
ifrovki o r
h
ono-
enise
j
sko
j
pism ennosti i 100-leti
ju
v
yh
o d a v svet tru d a N .F .K a ta n o v a «O p
y
t issledovani
ja
u r
ja
n
h
a
j
sko
g
o
ja
z
y
ka» (K
y
z
y
l. 14-17 okt. 2003
g
.). K
y
z
y
l, 2003.
4.
On
z
e.
O snovn
y
e asp ek t
y
istorii pism ennosti u step n
yh
k o
c
evnikov
C
en tra ln o
j
A zii //
U rb a n iz a
c
i
ja
i nom adizm v
C
e n tra ln o
j
Azii: istori
ja
i p ro b lem
y
: M at-l
y
M e
z
d u n ar. konf.
A lm at
y
, 2004.
5.
On ze.
KeHe
typ
İ
k
6İTİKTacıapw MeH ecKepTKİmıepi (OpxoH, EHnceH, T a.ac) // ^a3arç-
cıaH Tapnxw Typa.w
typk
İ gepeKTeMe.epi. A.MaTw: ^aHK-npecc, 2005. T. 2.
6. Trudy Orhonskoj ekspedicii: Atlas drevnostej M ongolii / Izd. V.V.Radlov. SPb., 1892.
7. To ze. SPb.,
1893. Vyp. 2.
8. To ze. SPb.,
1893. Vyp. 3.
9. To ze. SPb.,
1893. Vyp. 4.
10. Inscription de l'Orkhon Recueillies par l’Expedition Finnoise 1890. Et publiees par la Societe
Finno-Ougrienne. Helsingfors // Imprimerie de la Societe de Litterature Finnoise, 1892.
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NAPİL BAZILXAN
AVRASİYADA OLAN GÖYTÜRK ABİDƏLƏRİ VƏ ONLARIN XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
X ü l a s ə
M əqalədə göytürk əlifbasının
bitik
adlanmasından, göytürklərin öz yazılarını
türük bitiq
adlandırmalarından bəhs edilir. Hazırda bu yazıları heç də düzgün olmayaraq runi yazılar adlan-
dırırlar. Türük bitiq - fono-morfoloji əsasa dayanan, yəni səs və heca quruluşu bir-birilə mütə-
nasib şəkildə işlədilən, orfoqrafiyası isə qədim damğalara əsaslanan tək və hecalı quruluşa malik
olmaqla qədim türk dilinin dil strukturunu bütünlüklə əks etdirən və bütün türk ləhcələrini eyni
bir orfoqrafiyada birləşdirə bilən universal yazı formasıdır.
M əqalədə Orxon, Talas, Yenisey və s. yazılı abidələrin sayı, göytürklərin dövrünə aid yoy -
yoğu törəməsi və onların bir sıra
tamya, bediz, bitiqdaş, balbal
kimi terminoloji xüsusiyyətləri
haqqında müəllifin şəxsi fikirləri əks olunmuşdur.
A car sözlər:
türkologiya, Türk im periyasm m tarixi, hərbi-siyasi struktur, yazı abidələri,
mərasim kompleksləri, etnomədəniyyət, Avrasiya
NAPIL BAZYLKHAN
ANCIENT TURKIC INSCRIPTIONS IN THE EURASIA
S u m m a r y
This paper presents - an overview o f the Orkhon Turkic inscriptions, Talas, Yenisei, Altai
etc. The article also presents the author's position on self-name etymologies Türük bitik - Turk
bitik // writing and features memorial complexes (yoy yogi), some ethno-cultural terms (tamya -
Tamga ‘sign, tamga family or tribe’ and ‘a golden seal H agan’, bediz - stone sculptures, bitigtas -
bitiktash stele with inscriptions, balbal - balbals stone marks rite participants, etc.
K ey w ords:
turkology, history o f Turkic empire, military po litical structure, ancient Turkic
written an d monuments, m emorial complexs, ethno-cultur ’s
Ü nvan:
Ka3axcıaH. A.MaTw. HHcTmyT BocTOKoBegeHHfl
hm
. P.E.Cy.eHMeHoBa KH M OH PK -
Begy^HH HaynHwH coıpygHHK, KaHg. $ H .o .. HayK
e-m ail:
napilbaz@gmail.com
Çapa təqdim edən
Tofiq Hacıyev -
«Türkologiya» jurnalı
redaksiya heyətinin üzvü,
Çingiz Qaraşarlı -
«Türkologiya» jurnalı
sahə redaktoru
Çapa tövsiyə edən
AMEA-nın Nəsimi adına
Dilçilik İnstitutunun Elmi Şurası
(16.IV.2014, protokol N°
3)
M əqalənin redaksiyaya
daxil olm a tarixi
7.III.2014
Təkrar işlənməyə
göndərilm ə tarixi
-
Çapa göndərilm ə tarixi
8. VII.2014
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